digitally designed hlp: ddhlp

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DDHLP:Digitallydesignedhousing,land,&propertyrightssolutionsforconflict-affectedenvironments

DDHLPDigitallyDesignedHousing,Land,&PropertyRights

DIGITALLYDESIGNEDHLP:Leveragingavailabletechnologiestoensurequicker,morecosteffectiveandjustresettlementofdisplacedpopulations

1.Armedconflictleadstolarge-scaledisplacement

2.IDPs&refugeesshelterincamps&urbansettings

3.MonitorstatusofHLPthroughcontactwithfriends&relatives

8.Collect&shareinformationonsecurity&

statusofHLP

4.BegintoamassinformationaboutHLP

5.LearnaboutDDHLPplatformthroughformal&informalassistance

networks

6.AccessDDHLPviaapporwebsite

7.Learnaboutalternativeformsofevidence(someofwhichmayalreadyhave)

9.Consolidate&corroborateevidenceviaapporwebsite.Datastoredlocallyoronsecureserver;canbelinkedto

mass-claimsdatabase

Traditionalandnon-traditionalformsofevidencecataloguedusingtheDDHLPappandwebplatformcan be used to support HLP claims (including in mass claims programs) and resolve disputes.DDHLP’s platforms instruct displaced people about information they may already have (or haveaccess to) that can be used as evidence in HLP claims. The app and web platforms also provideinformationabout relevantHLP legislation,andhelpconnectdisplacedpopulationswithkeyactorsandinstitutions.DetailedinformationaboutHLP-proceduresandaccesstomultipleformsofevidencefacilitatereturnandrestitution,reducingtheriskthatcommunitieswillturntoarmedgroups.

10.Useevidencetoinform&assistreturnsin

transitionaljusticeperiod

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DDHLP:Digitallydesignedhousing,land,&propertyrightssolutionsforconflict-affectedenvironments

DDHLPDigitallyDesignedHousing,Land,&PropertyRights

DIGITALLYDESIGNEDHLP:Leveragingavailabletechnologiestoensurequicker,morecosteffectiveandjustresettlementofdisplacedpopulations

JonD.Unruh, PhD. is a professor in theDepartment of Geography at McGillUniversity. He has over 25 years’experience in developing andimplementing research, policy, andpractice on war-affected land andpropertyrightsintheMiddleEast,LatinAmerica, Africa, and Asia. Jon hasworked with a variety of donors,governments, and NGOs; his primaryfocusisonHLPremediesinwar-affectedscenarios.

Emily Frank, PhD. is an appliedanthropologistwhohasspentthelast15years identifying opportunities totransform research outcomes intopracticesolutionsthatwillmakedurablechanges in people's lives. She hasworked in HLP research settings sincethemid1990'sandfocusesherworkonleveraging technology use to empowerlocal populations for amore justworld.

Matthew F. Pritchard is a land tenureand HLP specialist focused on data-driven policy reform in fragile andconflict affected states. He has over 10years’ experience designing andadministering large-scale HLP policyresearch for governments, NGOs, andmulti/bi-lateral donors. An academicpractitioner, Matthew’s PhD researchfocuses on the evolution of tenuresystemsinpost-warenvironments.

Forcedmigrationandthedestruction,confiscation,andtransactionofHLPinwar-affectedenvironments present a primary development challenge to displaced populations, hostcommunities,governments,andinternationalorganizations,aswellasdurablepeaceandrecoveryinwar-tornsocieties.Despiteinnumerableobstacles,experiencesfrommultipleconflict-affectedcontextsshowthatdisplacedpeopleemployavarietyoflocalandmobile-based communication strategies to monitor HLP and prepare for eventual return.Currently,planningandorganizinglarge-scaleHLPrestitutionprocessesbeginwellafterawar isover,andrelyoverwhelminglyonasetof transitional justicemeasures.DDHLP’sapp and web-based platforms begin this process while conflict is on-going, increasingawarenessofHLPprocedures,aswellasorganizingandcorroboratingevidencethatwillfacilitatereturnandotherviableremedies.DDHLP is thebrainchildofHLPspecialistsDr. JonUnruh,Dr.EmilyFrank,andMatthewPritchard.Basedondecades of experienceworkingonHLP restitution andmass claimstechniques, the mobile and web-based platforms being developed by DDHLP addressthree primary obstacles that face displaced populations and large-scale HLP restitutionprograms: 1) displaced populations are often reluctant to return to home areas if theyknowtheirHLPhasbeendestroyedoroccupiedbyothers;2)thosereturningcanbeill-equipped to prepare evidence and organize claims, and often experience highlycompromised livelihoods; 3) the time (often years) required to develop and implementmass claims techniques can discourage return or encourage claimants to seek lesspeacefulformsofresolution.DDHLP’sappandweb-basedplatformsleverageexistingtechnologiestoraiseawarenessabout restitution programs and consolidate multiple forms of traditional and ‘non-traditional’evidence.Photos,documents,andtestimoniesorganizedviatheplatformcanbesavedforfutureuseindisputeresolutionorlinkedtoamassclaimsdatabase.AtDDHLPourmissionistooptimizetechnologiesthatarealreadybeingusedbydisplacedpopulationstoensurequicker,morecosteffectiveandjustresettlement.

[email protected] @DigitalHLP

DESCRIPTIONPilotstudyonthewaysthatIDPsinErbilengagewithandmonitorhousing,land,andproperty(HLP).

PURPOSEMobiletechnologyhasdramaticallyaffectedhowdisplacedpopulationsmonitorandmanageHLP.Accesstomobiletechnologycantransformthewaysinwhichorganizationsandindividualsprepareforreturns.

METHODSQuestionnaireincludingmodulesondisplacement,statusofHLP,anddisputeresolution.Totalof101questionnaireswithrandomlyselectedIDPhouseholdsinBaharkacampandErbil.

MOBILIZINGRETURNS:

MONITORINGHLPINERBIL,IRAQ

DDHLP:Digitallydesignedhousing,land,&propertyrightssolutionsforconflict-affectedenvironmentsE:[email protected]:DigitallyDesignedHLP

Forcedmigrationandthedestruction,confiscation,andtransactionofHLPinwar-affectedenvironmentspresentaprimarydevelopmentchallengetodisplacedpopulations,hostcommunities,durablepeace,andrecoveryinwar-tornsocieties.Despiteinnumerableobstacles,experiencesfrommultipleconflict-affectedcontextshaveshownthatdisplacedpeopleemployavarietyoflocalandmobile-basedcommunicationstrategiestomonitorHLPandprepareforeventualreturns.GiventheimportantandevolvingrolethatmobiletechnologyhasonHLP,inJuly2017,DDHLP–withresearchsupportfromSocialInquiry–launchedapilotstudyofIDPsinErbil,Iraq.BeyondconfirmingthatdislocationlinkedtoDaeshhashadasignificantimpactonHLP,thepilotdemonstratedthatdisplacedpopulationsareactivelymonitoringtheoccupation,looting,damage,anddestructionoftheirhomes,farms,andbusinesses.Independentofage,gender,andlevelofeducation,pilotparticipantsareactivelymonitoringthestatusoftheirHLPinpreparationforreturn.Preliminarydatademonstrateanimportantopportunitytoharnesswidespreaddesireforreturn,displacedpeople’sdetailedknowledgeoftheirHLP,andaccesstomobiletechnologytodramaticallyimprovethereturnandrestitutionprocesses.

DDHLPDIGITALLYDESIGNED

HOUSING,LAND,&PROPERTY

RIGHTS

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PilotSurvey:UsingMobileTechnologytoMonitorHousing,Land,andPropertyinIraq

74%displacedbetweenJuneandAugust2014

96%displacedformorethan2years

DISPLACEMENT

OBSTACLESTORETURNWhatiskeepingyoufromreturning?

79%Conflict/insecurity

54%Lackofservices

22%Propertydestruction

18%Lackoffinancial

resources

DESIRETORETURNWherewouldyoumostprefertolive?

44%Returntomyplaceof

residence

39%Remaininmycurrent

location

WidespreaddesiretoreturnhomeandsignificantdemandtoremaininlocationofdisplacementemphasizetheimportanceofHLPtoreturns,restitution,andstability.

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HOUSING,LAND,&PROPERTYTYPESOFHLPINHOMEAREA

97%House

44%Farm

23%Business

2%Apartment

CURRENTSTATUSOFHLPINHOMEAREA

55%Looted

24%Destroyed

50%Damaged

OfalltheparticipantswhoareawareofthecurrentstatusoftheirHLP,only16%reportthattheirholdings(house,farm,business,apartment)areintact;therest

havebeenlooted,damaged,ordestroyed.Damage,looting,anddestructionofHLPunderminelivelihood

security,canintensifydisputeswithinandbetweensocio-political,economic,andethnicpolities,anddramatically

underminethedesiretoreturnandrebuild.

16%ofHLPholdingsareINTACT

4

9%

0%

0%

26%

54%

0%

0%

69%

0%

57%

7%

Don'tknow

Armedgroup

Religious person/institution

NGO/CSO

Government

Lawyer

Police

Tribe

Friends

Family

Handlemyself


GivenextensivedamagetoHLPinconflict-affectedareas,researchersaskedaseriesofopen-endedquestionsabouthowparticipantswouldrespondwhenfacedwiththeoccupation,damage,anddestructionoftheirprimaryresidence.

RESPONDINGTODESTROYED,DAMAGED,OROCCUPIEDHLP

Where/towhomwillyouturnifyoufindyourhome:

1.DAMAGEDandUNOCCUPIED?

3.DESTROYEDandUNOCCUPIED?

4%

0%

1%

27%

57%

1%

1%

6%

3%

5%

45%

Don'tknow

Armedgroup

Religious person/institution

NGO/CSO

Government

Lawyer

Police

Tribe

Friends

Family

Handlemyself

2.DAMAGEDbutOCCUPIED?

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MONITORINGHLPSTATUS

61%

activelymonitorthestatusofHLPinhomeareas

MenaremorethantwiceaslikelytomonitorHLPthanwomen

HOWDOYOUMONITORYOURHLP?

36%visitthearea

68%callfriends,family,&neighbours

32%

shareinformationviasocialmedia

ACCESSTOMOBILEDEVICES

Averageof3mobilephonesperhousehold

1mobilephoneper2.8people

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36%usemobilephonesandsocialmediatoactivelymonitorHLP;includessharinguptodateinformation,pictures,videos,anddocuments

37%awareofGoItransactionfreezeinDaeshareas

13%heardofIPCC

48%donotthinktheGoIwillassistreturns

60%donotthinktheGoIwillprovidecompensationforconflict-relateddamagestoHLP

DDHLPisdedicatedtoleveragingdigitaltechnologytorevolutionizeHLPfordisplacedpopulationsacrosstheglobe.DDHLPiscomprisedofinternationaldevelopmentresearchers,

academics,andapplicationspecialistswhohavespentdecadesworkingonHLPinconflictzones.Ourmissionistooptimizeexistingtechnologiesalreadybeingusedbydisplaced

populationstoensurequicker,morecosteffective,andmorejustresettlement.

Despitewidespreadaccesstomobiledevices,awarenessofkeyissuesrelatingtoreturnremainsalarminglylow.Accesstoinformationaboutlawsandgovernmentordonor-ledprogramswillhaveasignificantimpactonthestabilityofreturns.Digitalmediawillbekeytoraisingawareness.

AWARENESS

DIGITALLYDESIGNEDHOUSING,LAND,&PROPERTY

DDHLP

E:[email protected]:DigitallyDesignedHLP

digitally designed hlp: ddhlp

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