digital training of land forces in 2019 · the work depicted here was sponsored by the u.s. army....
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Digital Training of Land Forces in 2019
Leveraging Commercial Capabilities for a Changing Technical Landscape
Ryan McAlinden
Institute for Creative Technologies
US Army University Affiliated Research Center
1The work depicted here was sponsored by the U.S. Army. Statements and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the
position or the policy of the United States Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred.
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Overview• How technology is changing, and
how the US DoD has tried to keep up
• The short life-spans of technology today
• The acquisition model associated with technology
• Institutionalizing technological change within the Force Generational comfort
• US Army’s Synthetic Training Environment (STE)
• Working with the Commercial Sector
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Technology Development: 1995 – Present
• Modern technology platforms <1995: Software primarily built by small teams
1995 – 2015: Too expensive/risky, so big companies sprung up offering technology. Teams and budgets grew exponentially (>100 people; $10sM+)
>2015: shift back to smaller teams
Resulting from cheaper access to development tools
• US DoD’s use of technology for training: Traditional
Constructive simulations: OneSAF, JSAF
Virtual training: VBS, CCTT
Mission Command systems
Instrumented systems
Non-Traditional: First-person shooters
America’s Army
Call of Duty
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Use of Modeling & Simulation to Train Land Forces
• Traditional kinetic: Offense, Defense
• Non-kinetic: stability, peacekeeping, disaster relief
• Collective training tasks
• Combined arms training tasks Multi-domain battle
Full-spectrum operations
• Analysis, Experimentation, Testing
• Situational Awareness, mission planning, rehearsal
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50%
5%
10%
5%
20%
10%
Investment
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US Army Synthetic Training Environment (STE)• What is it?
STE is a collective, multi-echelon training and mission rehearsal capability
It brings together the virtual, constructive and gaming training environments into a single environment
The capability will train all Warfighting Functions and the human dimension across Joint and Unified Action Partners in the context of Unified Land Operations.
• Specifics:
Training and mission rehearsal capability
Interfaces with operational networks, Mission Command, and live training instrumentation
Leverages commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and government off-the-shelf (GOTS) hardware.
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Example: One World Terrain• An organic, small-unit capability (data, tools, services) for producing and
sharing up-to-date 3D geospatial information for current and next-generation simulation and training systems
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Application
•Shared Foundation
•Loading and rendering terrain in M&S Systems
•Innovative use of AR and VR
Distribution
•Making Global Data Available to Point of Need
•Network Infrastructure
•Access Control and Security
Storage
•Online / Cloud Storage
•Databases
•Physical Storage
•High Availability
•Mechanisms to Update and Version
Processing
•Sophisticated Algorithms to Automate Classification & Segmentation
•Generation of Usable M&S Assets
Collection
•GOTS
•Open Source
•COTS
•Organic Collection
•sUAS / Drone Collect
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Example: USMC Tactical Decision Kit (TDK)
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Simulation & Training Technologies Today
• Penetration of technology by generation
• Fewer and fewer custom-developed solutions
• Reliance on cloud and other commercial infrastructure
• Technology has shelf-life of a few years
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DoD vs Commercial Technology Dev
Identify Requirement
• TRADOC
• 3-6 months
Concept Design
• S&T Org
• 12 months
Prototype• S&T Org
• 6-12 months
Production
• Materiel Developer
• 18 - 24 months
User Testing• ATEC
• 6 months
Transition• Materiel
Developer
• 3 months
Sustainment
•Materiel Developer
•1s, 10s years
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Concept Design
• Studio
• 3 months
Prototype• Studio
• 6 months
Production• Studio
• 12-18 months
User Testing
• Studio
• 3 months
Go To Market
Total Time: 5+ years
# of Orgs: 4 Total Time: 2 years
# of Orgs: 1
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Technology Procurement Challenges• Use of other contract vehicles –
Other Transaction Authorities (OTA)
• Modifying the lifecycle for off-the-shelf technologies
• Relaxing restriction for use of off-the-shelf technologies
• Use of Personal Devices and computing facilities
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Challenges of Working with Commercial Entities
• Profit-driven
• Origin of technology stacks
• Despite rigid acquisition process, DoD M&S often suffers from scope creep
• IP issues: DoD wants full source-code and ownership
• Security/networking limitations
Access over military networks
Outdated hardware
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How Do We Measure Effectiveness of Digital Training Solutions?• Quantitative
Task completion/success %
Baselining against other training
• Analog vs Digital
E.g. cognitive vs tactical
• Cost of developing & employing technology vs traditional training mediums
• Qualitative
Surveys, feedback
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Institutionalizing the Use of Technology
• Promoting avenues for both technological and creative advancement
Reduce barriers to implementation
Foster creativity
Accepting failure
• Streamlined acquisition models
Use of non-traditional contractors
• Use of perishable technologies
• Accepting or changing origins of technology solutions
• Know our ‘customer’ – ie the Soldier
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Questions
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