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Introduction to Digital Signal Processors

Hicham BERKOUK

Tarek Islam SADMI

E08/Computer Engineering

IGEE – Boumerdes.

OUTLINE Overview Introduction to DS Processors Historical Development DSP Market Internal Architecture Applications of DSPs Examples Conclusion References

Overview Introduction to DS Processors Historical development DSP Market Internal Architecture Examples Applications of DSPs Conclusion References

Overview:

Digital signal processing techniques and algorithms developed throughout history are useless, unless implemented in a given hardware to perform specified tasks.

However, conventional microprocessors cannot handle those algorithms.

Hence, there’s a need to develop a new hardware : the Digital Signal Processor.

Overview Introduction to DS Processors Historical Development DSP Market Internal Architecture Examples Applications of DSPs Conclusion References

Introduction to DSProcessors:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:

A digital signal processor (DSP) is a specialized microprocessor with an architecture optimized for the operational needs of digital signal processing.

Typical DSP system :

Conversion from Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog signals.

A lot of Interaction with outside world.

What are the Differences between a DSP and a GP MPU

?

Overview Introduction to DS Processors Historical Development DSP Market Internal Architecture Examples Applications of DSPs Conclusion References

Historical Development:

First transistor: 16 December 1947, at the Bell Company by William Shockley.

First IC: by Jack Killby 12 September 1958 at Texas instruments Laboratories.

First Microprocessor: 15 November 1971 by Intel Company the Intel 4004.

First DSP: 1978 : Texas Instruments TMS5100 DSP.

1978 : Intel and AMI, released to unsuccessful DSPs the 2920 and the S2811.

1980 : the NEC µPD7720 DSP by PSTN Telecommunications.

1983 : the TMS32010 by Texas instruments (Harvard architecture) (It already had a special instruction set, with instructions like load-and-accumulate or multiply-and-accumulate. It could work on 16-bit numbers and needed 390 ns for a multiply–add operation. TI is now the market leader in general-purpose DSP)

1988 : the appearance of the 2nd generation of DSPs, like AT&T DSP16A and the Motorola 56000 (accelerating tight-loops and loop addressing).

1995: the appearance of the 3rd generation of DSPs : new special instructions in the data path and hardware acceleration, using very complex problems like Fourier-Transform, or Matrix Operations like “ Motorola MC 68356. And TI TMS 320C541 and the TMS 320C80.

The fourth generation is best characterized by the changes in the instruction set and the instruction encoding/decoding.

The fastest digital signal processor (DSP) is the TMS320C6416, by Texas Instruments (USA). On 12 March 2003, a clock speed of 720 megahertz (MHz) was demonstrated at the Texas Instruments Laboratories, Stafford, Texas, USA.

Overview Introduction to DS Processors Historical Development DSP Market Internal Architecture Example : TMS320C6400 DSP Applications of DSPs Conclusion References

Market of DSP’s: The DSP market is very large and growing rapidly.

Incessant demand of cheaper and better electronic solutions,

Overview Introduction to DS Processors Historical Development DSP Market Internal Architecture Examples Applications of DSPs Conclusion References

Simplified Block Diagram of

Typical DSP

Harvard architecture. Direct Memory Access (DMA). Very Large Instruction Word (VLIW). Floating point or Fixed point arithmetic. Multiply and accumulate (MACs) Functions.

Overview Introduction to DS Processors Historical Development DSP Market Internal Architecture Examples Applications of DSPs Conclusion References

Applications of DSPs :

- Automation & Process Control (Barcode Scanner, Machine Vision)

- Automotive & Transportation (Active Noise Cancellation ANC)

- Communications & Telecom ( Miltary Radar/Sonar, Oscilloscopes)

- Consumer & Portable Electronics (MP3 Players, Mobile Phones, Guitar Effects)

Health Tech (MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasound System)

Industrial (High-Speed Data Acquisition and Generation)

Security & Safety ( Fingerprint Biometrics, Camera Surveillance)

Space, Avionics & Defense (Military and Avionics Imaging)

Overview Introduction to DS Processors Historical Development DSP Market Internal Architecture Examples Applications of DSPs Conclusion References

Examples:

Music (Guitar Effects) :

Overview Introduction to DS Processors Historical Development DSP Market Internal Architecture Examples Applications of DSPs Conclusion References

Conclusion

DSP technology has enabled many applications.

Size of DSP market has attracted many competitors with a broad set of optimized solutions.

DSP’s are very fast and optimal for real time processing.

Overview Introduction to DS Processors Historical Development DSP Market Internal Architecture Examples Applications of DSPs Conclusion References

References :

TMS320C64x, Technical Overview The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing, Chapter28 http://www.signalogic.com/index.pl?page=dsp_app http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processor http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_slicing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating-point http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Instruments_TMS320C6400 http://www.vision-systems.com/articles/2003/03/texas-instruments-claims-

fastest-dsp.html http://www.ti.com/lsds/ti/dsp/applications.page