DIGITAL LANGUAGEDIGITAL LANGUAGE01101010011010101001001010101010100100101010110101001101010100100101010101010010010101

•bit: binary digit

•1 or 0

•binary language 2

DIGITAL WORDSDIGITAL WORDS

1 bit = 2 values

ONON 1

1 bit = 2 values

0

4 bit word (nybble) =

16 possibiliti

es 42

0000 0101 1010 0001 0110 1011 0010 0111 1100 0011 1000 1101 0100 1001 1110 1111

8 4 2 1

BYTE (by eight)= 256 possibilities 28

12864 3216 8 4 2 1

BYTE

TOTAL256 possibilities

255 + 1 (all 0s)

XXX XX X

O = on X = off

O O128643216 8 4 2 1

= ? 65

X O12864 32 16 8 4 2 1

= ?

XXXOOO

180

X12864 3216 8 4 2 1

= ?0

X X X XX X X

0 = white

O12864 32 16 8 4 2 1

= ?255

O O O OOO O

TOTAL POSSIBILITIES = 256

1 bit = a 1 or 0 (b)4 bits = 1 nybble (?)8 bits = 1 byte (B)1024 bytes = 1 Kilobyte (KB)1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte (MB)1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte (GB)1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte (TB)

- kilo, meaning 1,000. (one thousand) 10^3 (Kilometer, 1,000 meters)- mega, meaning 1,000,000. (one million) 10^6 (Megawatt, 1,000,000 watts)- giga, meaning 1,000,000,000 (one billion) 10^9 (Gigawatt, 1,000,000,000 watts)- tera, meaning 1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion) 10^12

wikipedia

* 1-bit color (21 = 2 colors)

* 2-bit color (2² = 4 colors)

* 3-bit color (2³ = 8 colors)

* 4-bit color (24 = 16 colors)

* 5-bit color (25 = 32 colors)

* 8-bit color (28 = 256 colors)

* 12-bit color (212 = 4,096 colors)

* 16-bit color (216 = 65,536 colors)

1 bit2 colors1 bit

2 colors

2 bits4 colors

4 bits16 colors

8 bits256 colors

16 bits32,768 colors

32 bits16.7 million

colors

X X

X O

O

OO

X

=

=

=

=

1

0

2

3

or

or

or

or

2

3

4

1 or

or

or

or

MIDI•16 MIDI channels

•MIDI events

★note on = 001

★note off = 000•MIDI range

★notes = 128

★pan = 128

★volume = 128

MIDIMIDIMusical Instrument

Digital Interface

MIDI cables are serial, which only allows for bits to be transmitted one after another, in one direction.

0001010000110000010100000000000000111110101010

11010101001010000010100000000000000111110101010

closed loop

out

in

STATUS BYTESTATUS BYTE

INDICATOR BIT

MIDI EVENT

MIDI CHANNEL

O

INDICATOR BIT

DATA BYTE

X7 bits =

128 possibilities

O X

STATUS BYTE DATA BYTE

OOOO

MIDI CHANNEL

?

O

O

X

OXXX XXX

MIDI EVENTnote on

NOTE VALUE 64 = middle E

X

DATA BYTE

OOOOOOO

VELOCITY VALUE 128

= fff

X

OX

MIDI EVENTnote on

MIDI COMMANDSBIT REPRESENTATION

Note off 000Note on 001Polyphonic key pressure 010Control change 011Program change 100Channel pressure (aftertouch) 101Pitch bend 110

X

MIDI CHANNEL

#

OOOO

42

channel 1 = pianochannel 2 = horn

channel 3 = bagpipe

etc. through 16

DATA BYTE 128 values

128 notes128 volume levels

128 pan positions (l-r)128 patches/programs

Since binary numbers can get unwieldy when using large words, hexadecimal notation is often used to represent the values.

Hexadecimal represents 16 states from 0 to 15 using sixteen symbols 0-9 and A-F.

Each word is broken into 4-bit nibbles.

Hexadecimal

0000 = 00101 = 51010 = A0001 = 10110 = 61011 = B0010 = 20111 = 71100 = C 0011 = 31000 = 81101 = D0100 = 41001 = 91110 = E1111 = F

So a digital word such as 0001101111110100Would be represented in hexadecimal notation as: 1 B F 40001101111110100

Hex shorthand for nibbles