digital immigrants digital natives & the information age
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Digital Immigrants Digital Natives & The Information Age. Fred Stein and Many others [email protected]. Case # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. Digital Immigrants Dilemma. j Seems to Happen all the time to me New Cameras, New Software, New Ideas. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
© 2007 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved
Digital Immigrants Digital Natives
&The Information Age
Fred Stein and Many [email protected]
Case # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited.
© 2007 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved
2
Digital Immigrants Dilemma
Case # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution
Unlimited.
jSeems to Happen all the time to meNew Cameras, New Software, New Ideas
© 2007 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved
3
The Digital Native is Born – 1980 - 1985They are on the Front Line 23 to 28
1969ARPANET
is born1990
CERN researcherconceives the “web”
1994 Shopping
malls arrive on the net;
secure cybercash
2001 10,000-player online video games
Enters Middle School;
Uses AOL for homework
1996
HS Grad Gifts:
iPod andCamera
Phone 2003
Enters HSShares MP3s
on Napster2000
Taught LOGO in
Elementary school1994
10 yr after 1st Consumer Computer
1985
1999 Web 1.0
“Dot Com”;Yahoo
2007Web 2.0
FacebookOne Laptop
per Child
1985 Windows
1.0
Started online
banking&
Bill pay2003
Web is primary
source of news2000
Second Job;
Joined Match.com2004
2004MySpaceWikipedia
1996DSL and
Cable modems;
eBay
YouTube;Switched
toGoogleMaps2006
Fourth Job; GPS
in car,HD TV,
Xbox 3602007
2002 Internet exceeds
170 million hosts
2004Second Browser
Wars
3rd Generation Video gamesSuper Mario
4th Generation Video gamesEverquest
6th Generation Video gamesHalo 3
5th Generation Video gamesGrand Theft Auto
Jay Crossler MITRE &Lee Rainie, Pew Internet & American Life Project
© 2007 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved
4
Pacing Ideas – Exploiting Information Age
Openness – Make boundaries Porous – “IP” must be shared Peering – Allow Self Organization – Social networking /
Social Bookmarks Sharing – Allow Encourage Peer to peer exchanges -
Establish Incentives - Reduce Disincentives Act Globally – Exploit Locally – Use the Information Domain Create and Exploit COIs Participatory Structure for Networks – Manage and
Fight Networks MUST BE ABLE TO SEE THEM Understand Evolving Technologies and Look to Incorporate
them - Make Advanced Technology work with Low Tech –
Can we make Web Two tech work in the Military ? Contribution Increase when all can see Higher Goals “ Why
Generation” Communications is SOCIAL – People still rule
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Global Trends
Success = Scale Top Down – Centralized Traditional Hierarchy
Organization Information Hoarding Local Awareness Arms Length Relationships
Success = Scale and Complexity
Empowering the “Edges” Hybrid Organization Information Sharing Shared Awareness Collaboration &
Synchronization
Industrial AgeIndustrial Age Information AgeInformation Age
• New Behaviors• New Relationships• New Competencies • New Technologies
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Phone CameraRight FormatNetworked
Phone CameraRight FormatNetworked
Film CameraWrong FormatNot Networked
Film CameraWrong FormatNot Networked
Digital CameraRight Format Not Networked
Digital CameraRight Format Not Networked
Or it is a Personnel TrainerVideo receiverAudio storehousePersonnel locatorParental Oversight??More….
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Industrial Age to the Information Age Characterized by
Orders of Magnitude more Interfaces (technically) – More machines talk to more machines, more data bases to more data bases
Orders of Magnitude more people “talk” to more and
different people, more informal organizations are formed both within and between traditional organizations – its all about Interconnectivity
All of these changes are taking place an environment of
Connectivity - Machine Transformation
Connectiveness – Peering – Contributing not just retrieving
In less than one decade
Industrial Age Information Age
Increasing Velocity of Change
Machines – ConnectivityPeople – Connectiveness
Connectiveness - Collaboration
Machines – ConnectivityPeople – Connectiveness
Connectiveness - Collaboration
© 2007 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved
7
Theme I: The Digital Divide
Old World New Cyber World
VTC
Cell PhoneVoice
Powerpoint
Chat/Instant Messaging
BLOG
SharedApplication
ipod
Smart PhoneGaming
Since 1999 ….
Digital Immigrants
More than a cultural phenomenon
• Impacts Operations becomes
Surrogate C2
• Intelligence collection/distribution
© 2007 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reservedCase # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution
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The Emerging Theory of War
The New Reference Material
Old Web is a NewspaperRead by Digital Immigrants > 26 yr oldNew Web is a Coffee Shop < 25 yr old
Globalization and Electrons vs AtomsKiller Apps – Spreadsheet – PC
Router – Internet oneBrowser – Web one
Wireless – Internet twoWIKI etc Web two
Next?
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9
Formation of Communities or Interest (COI)
RSS News Feed
Culture of Sharing! SO WHAT AGAIN?Culture of Sharing! SO WHAT AGAIN?
Old ones now connectedNew ones formed SO WHAT What effect on
Staff Functions?Organization?C2?
Water Cooler / Virtual Water Cooler Key to Reach back? Do you IM?What is Social Bookmarking ?
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Digital ImmigrantsDigital Immigrants
ii
The Digital Immigrant – Digital Native
Totally wired…..Totally wired…..……totally digitaltotally digital
……able to multi-task…able to multi-task………totally mobile (data, video, voice)totally mobile (data, video, voice)
...doesn’t know what “LP” or “vinyl” ...doesn’t know what “LP” or “vinyl” meansmeans
Wireless Wireless handheld handheld computercomputerwith mapswith maps
Portable Portable MP3 MP3
PlayerPlayerConnecteConnected to the d to the
Web Web
Struggling Struggling with the with the
concept of e-concept of e-mail vs mail vs
“snail” mail“snail” mailIs clueless Is clueless
about WIKIsabout WIKIsand and
Why Blog?Why Blog?
WirelessWirelessPicture Picture
TV phonesTV phonesInstant Instant
ConnectivityConnectivity
Where are you on the digital immigrant to native continuum?Where are you on the digital immigrant to native continuum?
Why do DN like Social Networks? Why do DN use Social Bookmarks ?
• Uses Uses Mashups to Mashups to customize his customize his information information
• Uses “Pipes “Uses “Pipes “ to customize to customize applicationsapplications. Uses RSS to . Uses RSS to
make the web make the web personnelpersonnel
Wireless phoneWireless phoneThat are That are
becoming becoming the computerthe computerEmail, WebEmail, Web
IM . Video etcIM . Video etc
Digital Native
Assumes and Demands “Connectiveness”Is Comfortable with and Demands
Mobile Social Software
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Digital Citizenship Test1. Can you read this? “kdz n colleG? ms em? U2 cn lrn txtN”
2. Do you (not your kids or grandkids) own an ipod?
3. Have you tried out a Wii? What game to you like the best?
4. Do you use a smart phone (ie, email, video, photos …)?
5. Do you IM? Do you Blog? What do you learn from it?
6. Do you know who “Lonely Girl 15” is?
7. Can you name 3 popular ways to watch TV shows without a TV?
8. Have you ever WiFi’d in Starbucks?
9. Do you know the importance of “mashup” sites? Have you competed in a Mash Up competition?
10.What does MID mean?
11. What is more collaborative Sharepoint or Wiki and what is the difference?
0-1 2-7 11-12
Fossils
ImmigrantNative
8-10
Naturalized
Citizen
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Leadership : Digital Natives and Immigrants
Senior Leaders …. “digital immigrants” Junior Leaders …. “ digital natives” Digital immigrants are making strategic decisions on technology Digital Natives are changing the nature of our wars The global insurgency is leveraging digital technologies
CERTIFICATE OF DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP
Need to
Need to achieve
achieve digital digital
citizenship!
citizenship!THEN WHAT
THEN WHAT HOW DO WE
HOW DO WE EXPLOIT
EXPLOIT ITIT
Need to Empower the Natives
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Transformation What impact does this have on Warfare?
Some missions remain the same but face new challenges – Ground Superiority – SA and BFT – Logistical support – SA – ISR – New missions F22 / F35
Some missions are becoming more important– Information Operations
Public Affairs Civil Affairs
Some are new missions– Network security– Cyber security – Network attack– Cyber attack
Electromagnetic Spectrum EM Ops
Electronic Systems Cross Domain Ops
NetworksNet ops
CyberSpace
OffensiveDefensive
Infrastructure
OffensiveDefensive
Infrastructure
All missions are taking place in both the Physical and
Cyber Domain
All missions are taking place in both the Physical and
Cyber Domain
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Changing Tactical Environment
The target set that leads to victory has enlarged – Now both Kinetic, Non Kinetic / Cyber
New target sets – now include homeland infrastructure – Finance– Power, etc
Much shorter “order to execute loop” – Shorter due to information– Shorter due to type of weapon --- cyber
Command and Control has changed– Commanders “see” more – may be good or bad– Commanders may be executors - Cyber
The capacity to communicate has exploded New COP – Maybe UCOP / Demassifcation of Information What
is the COP now ? Both sides are using the “net” – Both Sides have are becoming
part of the “Net Generation / Digital babies…”
Physical Domain NOW Tied to Cyber Domain Tied to Virtual Domain
What impacts on C2 and C2 +( Command & Control
Collaboration and Coordination)
Physical Domain NOW Tied to Cyber Domain Tied to Virtual Domain
What impacts on C2 and C2 +( Command & Control
Collaboration and Coordination)
© 2007 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved
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2007 UDOP What is it? Who controls it?Who Inputs to it?
Mustafa SadrMoamal Al SadrHussein Al MalikiKaiser Al ShwailiMohammed Sadiq Al DarrajiAli Al Kaby
3 HOURS ON/ 3 HOURS OFF2 HOURS ON/ 4 HOURS OFF
RAW SEWAGE
Enemy Activity
Power Distribution
Sadri City Example
Sewage
Digital Native wants to contribute to the COP – not
just use it.
Are we providing the tools?
Digital Native wants to contribute to the COP – not
just use it.
Are we providing the tools?
What Impact on C2C2 +
IntelligenceDoctrineTraining
© 2007 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved
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Data / Information WEB
Our OpponentsOur Opponents UsUs
Word of Mouth, Cell, EmailChat, IM ….
Internet Intranet NIPR / SIPR JWICS
Formal staffing, Email
Loose OrganizationsVery Agile
Larger - Formal Less Flexible
What are the Organizational StructuresSupport Net Enabled Warfare
Spider No head - Regenerates Single Head - Dies
(Brafman and Besckstron) Vs.Starfish
Movement to hybrid organization responsive to full spectrum combat
Movement to hybrid organization responsive to full spectrum combat
SpiderFish
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X
X
443 CA (-)
XX
20
1-82
115
3-82
15
1-5 2-5
1-153
1-206
3-153
L
II
ING
2-82
(-)L
II
ING
2-227
X
4
615
1-227 (+) 353
E
612
E
SDD
E
DISCOM
X
27 (-)
1-161
L
II
ING
305
306
L
II
ING
302
301
L
x
ING
402
X (-)X
1 X
1-303
Base Defense
EOD
312 MI (-) 13 (-)
545 MP
I307
COM CAM
MPAD
15 PS (-) 15 FIN (-)
91
2-12 (+)
1-141
X103
X
256
2-156
1-156
3-156
199
1088
E
3-325
Task Organization
12 US Brigade-sized elements62 US Battalions322 US Companies3 Iraqi Brigades11 Iraqi Battalions58 Iraqi Companies
X 75 (-)
L
x
ING
41
L
4-5
L
II
ING
303
2 10
2-14
4-31
2-15
1-41
(+)
210
1-69
(-)
L
II
AL AMARA
BAGHDAD DEFENDERS
1-9
215
3-8
1-8
2-7 1-21
8
(-)
515PROV
(-)
1-7
(-)
L
II
ING
(-)
39
L
II
ING
2-162
(+)
X
3 X
5
307304
112 MP(-)
TACON
39
(+)
X
304
II
2-24
IIFL
II
3042
POBII
2/2
(-)
GS
(-)
1-12
2-8 411
E
• • (-)
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What is the Agility Scale -- How do we Engineer and Design to Allow it
Where are you on the scale?
How agile are your systems ?
What are your feedback loops ?
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Plan, Organize, Deploy, Employ and Sustain
Cycle
Conveyed Commander’s Intent
Physical and Cyber Domain Force Advantage
Position Advantage
Physical and Cyber Domain Force Advantage
Position Advantage
Information DomainInformation AdvantageInformation DomainInformation Advantage
Cognitive DomainCognitive Advantage
Cognitive DomainCognitive Advantage
Precision Force
Precision Force
Compressed Operations
Compressed Operations
Shared Awareness
Shared Awareness
Speed and Access
NetworkCentric
Operations
Social DomainCultural Awareness
Social DomainCultural Awareness
Our Environment -- Our Challenges
© 2007 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved
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Plan, Organize, Deploy, Employ and Sustain
Cycle
Conveyed Commander’s Intent
Physical and Cyber Domain Force Advantage
Position Advantage
Physical and Cyber Domain Force Advantage
Position Advantage
Information DomainInformation AdvantageInformation DomainInformation Advantage
Cognitive DomainCognitive Advantage
Cognitive DomainCognitive Advantage
Precision Force
Precision Force
Compressed Operations
Compressed Operations
Shared Awareness
Shared Awareness
Speed and Access
NetworkCentric
Operations
Social DomainCultural Awareness
Social DomainCultural Awareness
Our Environment -- Our Challenges Our Reality - Combat Server in Fallujah
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Questions“Soldiers can go Weeks without food, Days without
Water, but only Minutes without Data”
No Warrior Fights Alone