digital access to audiovisual cultural heritage. archives, developers and scholars unite (or not)
TRANSCRIPT
Digital access to audiovisual cultural heritage
Archives, developers and scholars unite (or not)
Torino, Italy 17-19.12.2015
Mariana Salgado Department of Media - ARTS Aalto University Espoo, Finland [email protected]
Willemien Sanders Department of Media and Culture Studies
Utrecht University Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Archives, developers and scholars unite (or not)
• Explore when / how collaboration works
• www.euscreen.eu and EUscreenXL
• Work for EUscreenXL: contextualization
• Collaboration in teams
-Hackathon May 2015
-EUscreenXL WP3, task 3.1 Contextualization
• Conclusion
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The EUscreen portal „journalistic” approach
interactive
mobile version user-friendly
and appealing
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31 partners | 20 content partners
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DR
Kungliga Biblioteket Aalto University Lietuvos Centrinis
Valstybės Archyvas
Česká Televize
Deutsche Welle
Österreichischer Rudfunk
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Radio Télévision Belge de la Communauté Française
ATiT
Universite de Luxembourg
Ireland’s National Television and Radio Broadcaster
Radiotelevizija Slovenija
Televiziunea Română
Nederlands Instituut voor Beeld en Geluid
Noterik
Universiteit Utrecht European Broadcasting Union
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Nemzeti Audiovizuális Archivum
Eötvös Loránd University
Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνεί
Royal Holloway University of London
The British Universities Film & Video Council
Screen Archive South East
Queen’s University Belfast
Institut national de l'audiovisuel
Narodowy Instytut Audiowizualny
Instituto Luce Cinecittà
Ireland’s National Television and Radio Broadcaster
European Broadcasting Union
Rádio e Televisão de Portugal S.A.
Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνεί
Instituto Luce Cinecittà
European Broadcasting Union
Televisió de Catalunya
DR
Radiotelevizija Slovenija
Ireland’s National Television and Radio Broadcaster
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WP3: Contextualization
• Added value through ‘curation’, providing context
for understanding
• Create tools and functionalities to this end
- for researchers -> more complex
- for general audience -> quick, easy to use, modular and
flexible
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Archival content providers
Media scholars
Interaction designers
Graphic designers
Technical developers
* Embedded in larger social aggregates
* Diverse goals related to members and collective
* Interdependent tasks within larger project (McGrath 1991)
Agenda Expertise Tradition
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Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
Interaction designer
Media scholar/teacher
Graphic designer
Hackathon organizers
Technical developer
source: http://www.chowhound.com
Hackathon Team
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Hackathon framework
Decisions organisation:
• Audiovidual cultural heritage
• Multiscreen application
• Tools: post-its, flip charts, dice, notebooks
• De Waag, Amsterdam
• Competition
-> Allocative power
(Bratteteig and Wagner 2012)
Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
© Europeana Space
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• Power as transformative capacity
(Giddens 1984 in Bratteteig and Wagner 2012)
-> Allocative power organisation: based on resources
-> Non-decisions hackathon team
• -> not discussed / debated / considered
• (Bratteteig and Wagner 2012)
Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
Hackathon framework
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Inception and acceptance (McGrath 1991)
- Recruiting participants from EUscreenXL
- Google doc with ideas
-Asynchronous communication: -> inertia (Gersick 1988)
-Decision: Advance meetings to discuss ideas
-Synchronus communication
(Massey, Montoya-Weiss, and Hung 2003)
•Value and expertise as sources of power
• (Bratteteig and Wagner 2012)
Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
Hackathon framework
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Interaction Designer’s perspective Collaboration
Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
source: http://blog.mindjet.com
Hackathon perspectives
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Interaction Designer’s perspective
Value: Distributed constructionism
Expertise: Design practices
Design and construction activities are effective to support the
development of knowledge-building communities
(Resnick 1996)
Decision: create artefact in collaboration
Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
Hackathon perspectives
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Media Scholar/teacher’s perspective
Alternation of assignments and learning formats
Value: effective practices to keep students motivated and
engaged in the classroom (Wiseman and Hunt 2014)
Expertise: teaching
Decision: plenary work,
small group work/individual work
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inside / outside classroom
Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
© Educational Technology and Mobile Learning
Hackathon perspectives
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Technical developer’s perspective
Multiscreen Toolkit + Spacial spotting technique
Educational setting
Allocative power: based on technical resources
Legitimization:
company interests
(Bratteteig and Wagner 2012)
Decision: educational tool
Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
Screenshot from Noterik’s existing spacial spotting technology
Hackathon perspectives
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Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
Decision:
To develop a multiscreen application using audiovisual
cultural heritage content that supports different classroom
activities and dynamics, allows building together, and
applies spacial tagging.
source: http://bestdemotivationalposters.com
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Developing a use case scenario
Decisions and values:
- Collaboration: Analyse video together; share videos on a
screen
- Spacial spotting / multiscreen: tagging; swiping videos
- Create: Select clips and create video posters
- Name: the Carrot
Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
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Focus on collaboration -> discussion, compromise
Seeing – moving – seeing (Schön and Wiggins 1992)
-> discuss, wire frames, discuss -> steps
© Europeana Space
Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
Developing a use case scenario
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Discussions:
Tag or comment?
-> Eduaction -> focus on video -> just tag
Tags visible?
-> Education -> students respond to each other -> at the end
Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
Developing a use case scenario
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Spacial spotting:
- Tagging with smart phone or tablet
- Tags based on research question / topic
- Tags to be defined per session
- No comments
- Individual
Design by Neea Laakso
Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
Developing a use case scenario
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Discussion of tags:
- Tags visible to teacher all the time
- Tags visible to students at the end of the viewing session
- Discussion on relevant scenes / shots
- Plenary discussion
Design by Neea Laakso
Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
Developing a use case scenario
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Creation of Video Poster:
- Selection of clips based on tags and discussion
- Adding of text to construct argument
- Integration of video and text
Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
Developing a use case scenario
Design by Neea Laakso
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Non-decisions
Tagging technology -> proof of concept
Graphic design -> autonomous, input wire frames
Decisions based on
- Trust
- Power: expert knowledge
Design by Sebastian Zelonka
Critical aspects of collaboration the hackathon
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source: http://www.chowhound.com
EUscreenXL team
-> more hierarchical; PMB, WP leaders, pilot co-ordinators,
collaborators
Critical aspects of collaboration EUscreenXL
© ila; http://www.inomthings.com
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Project decisions (non-decisions team):
• Expand EUscreen
• Limited meetings / workshops
• Online collaboration / tools
-> Global virtual project teams (GVPT)
(Massey, Montoya-Weiss and Hung 2003)
Critical aspects of collaboration EUscreenXL
EUscreenXL framework
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Inception and acceptance:
‘ROI’
Agenda’s
- Different liaisons
- Different projects
- Different interests
Critical aspects of collaboration EUscreenXL
EUscreenXL framework
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Non-decisions
- Scholarly perspective
- Accept set backs
Loyalty: stick together
Critical aspects of collaboration EUscreenXL
EUscreenXL framework
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Common Goal?
Critical aspects of collaboration EUscreenXL
source: http://www.multifaithpeace.org
EUscreenXL framework
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Group functions: contribute to
1. Production -> part of something bigger
2. Members
3. Wellbeing as group (McGrath 1991)
How groups work
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Temporal patterning problems
Temporal ambiguity
Conflicting temporal interests and requirements
Scarcity of temporal resources.
(Massey, Montoya-Weiss and Hung 2003; McGrath 1991)
How groups work
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Hackathon
1. Non-hierarchical, inclusive
2. Communal Inception and
acceptance
3. Decisions based on expertise,
resources and values
4. Synchronous communication
5. Less problems of temporal
patterning
EUscreenXL team
1. Hierarchical, ambiguous
2. No communal
inception/acceptance
3. Decisions based on resources
4. Mainly asynchronous
communication
5. Huge problems of temporal
patterning
Conclusion
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Hackathon
- Useful sprint
-to understand what we were doing
-to understand each other and each other’s work
-to come to concrete results
- Constraints work to advantage – pressure cooker
competition
Conclusion
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Hackathon
-Limitation: proof of concept but no real tool in 2.5 days
Remaining question/challenge:
-> How to retain the hackathon team energy and dynamics
in EUscreenXL?
Conclusion
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References
Bratteteig, Tone, and Ina Wagner. 2012. “Disentangling Power and Decision-making in Participatory Design.” In , 41–50. Roskilde, Denmark: ACM Press.
Gersick, C. J. G. 1988. “Time and Trasition in Work Teams: Toward a New Model of Group Development.” Academy of Management Journal 31 (1): 9–41.
Massey, Anne P., Mitzi M. Montoya-Weiss, and Yu-Ting Hung. 2003. “Because Time Matters: Temporal Coordination in Global Virtual Project Teams.” Journal of Management Information Systems 19 (4): 129–55.
McGrath, J. E. 1991. “Time, Interaction, and Performance (TIP): A Theory of Groups.” Small Group Research 22 (2): 147–74.
Resnick, Mitchel. 1996. “Distributed Constructionism.” In Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Learning Sciences, 280–84. ICLS ’96. Evanston, Illinois: International Society of the Learning Sciences.
Schon, Donald A., and Glenn Wiggins. 1992. “Kinds of Seeing and Their Functions in Designing.” Design Studies 13 (2): 135–56.
Shen, Zixing, Kalle Lyytinen, and Youngjin Yoo. 2015. “Time and Information Technology in Teams: a Review of Empirical Research and Future Research Directions.” European Journal of Information Systems 24 (5): 492–518.
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How to reach us?
info[at]euscreen.eu
https://www.facebook.com/EUscreen
https://plus.google.com/114583222201094670383
https://twitter.com/EUscreen
https://www.flickr.com/photos/euscreen/
http://vimeo.com/euscreen