digging up history the archaeology behind ancient history
TRANSCRIPT
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Digging up History
The Archaeology Behind Ancient History
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• Is this Archaeology?
• Not Exactly.
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They Needed to Dust
• Over time, layers of dirt, trash, and waste stack up to create new layers of earth.
• Different civilizations will leave their marks behind on each layer known as a stratum.
• Every item found within each stratum is categorized as its own artifact, or object made by humans.
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Stratum: a single layer of
soil
Strata: the plural of stratum
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The law of superposition
A stratum should predate the strata above it.
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Accidental Discoveries
• Some of the greatest archaeological discoveries were accidents.
• Pompeii
• Herculaneum
• Rosetta Stone
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Pompeii and Herculaneum
• The first major archaeological find was in Italy at the location of one of the most devastating natural disasters: Pompeii.
• Farmers were attempting to plow their fields and dig wells when they came across the tops of buildings from the past in 1748 CE.
• Even though the artifacts were buried under more than ten feet of ash from 79 CE through 1748 CE, they were very well preserved.
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Rosetta Stone
• The Rosetta Stone was created around 198 CE, but not found until 1799 CE by some French soldiers attempting to rebuild a fort in Egypt.
• The Rosetta Stone unlocked the secret of Egyptian hieroglyphics through a translation to ancient Greek.
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First precise excavations
were at Olympia in Greece in the
1870s.
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Carter and an assistant with King
Tut, 1922
“What do you see?” Lord Carnarvon
“Wonderful things” Howard Carter
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Catal Huyuk
• One of the first villages to succeed on earth during the Neolithic Age was Catal Huyuk.
• Located in modern day Turkey, this was the sight of an extremely exciting dig that shed new light on the Neolithic Revolution.
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Murals
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Animal Bones
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Figurines
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Bone Jewelry
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Other Major Discoveries
• Leakey Family: Louis, Mary, and Richard
Olduvai Gorge: Origins of Humans
• Willard Frank Libby: Carbon 14
• Howard Carter: King Tut
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