digging deeper russian revelution

8/19/2019 Digging deeper Russian Revelution

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/digging-deeper-russian-revelution 1/6

HIS The Russian Revolution (2.9, 2.10, 2.12, 2.13)

Causes of the Russian revolution

1) The geograph of Russia

O Transport was slow

O There was little industry

O Trans-Siberian railway was finished in 1905, this encouraged the growth of towns/factories

2) The !lass sste"

O Classes werent happy with it , this caused tension

3) Con#ition of the peasants

O They were !ery poor and unhappy

$) Con#ition of the %or&ers in to%n

O "ages were !ery low

O #i!ing conditions were !ery bad

O "or$ers had to li!e in co%%unal houses

') Russia as a poli!e state

O Tsars feared for re!olt against the%, so they had harsh laws & secret police to crush possible rebels

) The poli! of Russifi!ation

O 'ussia contained %any lands

O Tsars decided to sta%p out as %uch regional identity as they could



) Rasputin

O (e was $ey ad!isor to the Tsar )icholar & his fa%ily

O *ldest son of the tsar had bleedings only 'asputin could stop

O *!eryone +ecept royal fa%ily disli$ed hi%

O .ristocrats could not forgi!e hi% being born as peasant

O n 191, he was %urdered by a group of aristocrats

*) +irst orl# ar

O adly organi2ed ar%y 3 Suffered fro% losses

O 4ood shortages and unrest in the cities

O Tsar too$ personal co%%and of the ar%y in .ugust 1915 -- didnt help

9) 190$-190' %ar %ith apan

O 'ussia suffers hu%iliating defeat

10) 190 people/s pea!eful protest gets shot apart

O Causes a lot of unrest

11) Che agrees to parlia"ent (the u"a) %hi!h re"ains po%erless

O 191 3 'ussia enters ""1 and suffers hea!y losses

O 1915 -- ,,6esertions grow to 758



ar!h revolution 191

The wor$ers in the 'ussian Capital were unhappy and hungry On the :th of ;arch there were

food riots in <etrograd On the 17th of ;arch, the re!olutionaries were in control of the city

The Tsar was forced to abdicate on the 1th

of ;arch

#enin was in eile, he only %ade a speech

hat happene# after the ar!h revolution

<ower in 'ussia passed to a pro!isional go!ern%ent The first head was <rince =eorge #!o!

(e was soon replaced by .leander >erens$y One of the first decisions %ade was to

continue the war "hen a 'ussian attac$ in ?une 191@ failed, people bla%ed the go!ern%ent

<ro!isional go!ern%ent needed to share power with soviets. +councils elected by groups of

wor$ers or local people n %ost so!iets there was opposition to the pro!isional go!ern%ent

fro% people who thought the re!olution had gone far enough

;any of those opponents belie!ed in the idea of >arl ;ar There were different groups of

people who belie!ed in his ideas, the best organi2ed was the olshe!i$s 3 #ed by #enin Their

policy was si%ple A Peace, Land & Bread.

The ove"4er revolution

y the %iddle of October 191@, olshe!i$s had a %aBority in <etrograd So!iets #enin

decided in was the right ti%e to %o!e against the pro!isional go!ern%ent On the night of the

th of )o!e%ber, the 'ed =uards arrested the leaders of the pro!isional go!ern%ent They also

captured the $ey buildings in <etrograd #enin was in power now



The i#eas of 5arl ar6



ar !o""unis"

To win the ci!il war with the "hites +groups in 'ussia that did not accept the new olshe!i$

go!ern%ent, #enin %ade a series of policies A "ar co%%unis%

•

6 (e nationali2ed all factories• 6 (e stopped trading by indi!iduals

• 6 (e sei2ed food fro% the peasants to feed the soldiers and town wor$ers

6ue to "ar Co%%unis%, %utiny bro$e out in the 'ed )a!y ut the %utiny was crushed and

the "hites were defeated by 1971

e% 7!ono"i! 8oli!

• <easants were allowed to $eep and trade so%e of their crops• .llowed pri!ate ownership of factories

• .llowed state run factories to pay bonuses for higher production

fter :enin #ie#

(e died in 197 Stalin, who was the Secretary-=eneral of the Co%%unist <arty +olshe!i$s,

won support fro% people who disli$ed Trots$y (e used his position to gi!e $ey Bobs to his

supporters The <olitburo +a co%%ittee of co%%unist leaders too$ control, but Stalin

controlled both the <olitburo and the So!iet nion by 1979

i"s of Stalin

• =reatly epand 'ussian industry

• 4ind funds to set up those new industries

• ncrease agricultural productions

- to feed a rising nu%ber of town wor$ers

- to sell abroad for %oney he needed to in!est in industry

+ive ;ear 8lans

Stalin used 4i!e Dear <lans to %oderni2e industry They set targets for $ey goods, those were

unrealistic high and often not reached .lthough, 'ussian industry did grow in the %ost

re%ar$able way "or$ers were encouraged by A bonus pay%ents, propaganda ca%paigns &

they were punished if things went wrong



gri!ulture

Stalin wanted to abolish the s%all far%s owned by the >ula$s Those far%s were too s%all to

use %achines .lso, Stalin saw >ula$s as ene%ies of co%%unis%

(e set up large collecti!e far%s >ula$s were not happy with it They rather burned theircrops and $illed their ani%als than hand the% o!er to collecti!e far%s <rotestors were shot or

sent to labour ca%ps

The da%age was serious . fa%ine n 19E7/19EE $illed about 5 %illion peasants y 19E@,

908 of the far%land was collecti!i2ed The grain har!est was :08 higher than in 191E

<roduction had risen, but the price was %isery, suffering and death

1930/s

Stalin ca%e to fear opposition inside the So!iet nion n 19E he began a series of purges

against possible opponents. The %ost fa%ous of the accused had FShow Trials in ;oscow,

where +after confessing to treason against the State they were eecuted or sent to gulags The

co%%ander of the 'ed .r%y, thirteen other generals and about of all officers in the ar%y

were eecuted .bout 70 %illion people were sent to gulags, al%ost 508 of the% died

2.12 <er"an in the 1920s

7 days before the ar%istice was signed, the >aiser abdicated =er%any beca%e a republic,

called the "ei%ar 'epublic The treaty of Gersailles too$ land fro% =er%any, reduced its

ar%ed forces and forced it to pay huge reparations The go!ern%ent had to accept the treaty

There were stri$es and se!eral re!olts, called putsches

The "ei%ar 'epublic faced the econo%ic proble%s caused by four years of warfare They

couldnt pay the reparation pay%ents in ti%e n 197E they were so far behind, that 4rance

too$ o!er the 'uhr, and too$ the profits as part of the reparations This %ade the econo%ic

situation worse Confidence in the =er%an currency collapsed, and inflation ran out of

control

n 197E =usta! Strese%ann beca%e chancellor and foreign %inister of the "ei%ar

go!ern%ent (e stopped trying to rescue the %ar$, and introduced the 'enten%ar$, and newcurrency (e cut go!ern%ent spending and set up go!ern%ent building sche%es all o!er

=er%any to pro!ide wor$ for the une%ploy%ent

Strese%ann tried to wor$ with other countries to rebuild the =er%an econo%y (e negotiated

a reduction of reparations, obtained loans fro% the S. and too$ =er%any in the #eague of

)ations These helped the econo%y and increased =er%anys popularity

n 1979 the =er%an econo%y started to reco!er The inflation decreased and une%ploy%ent

dropped =er%any was seen as a %aBor power in *urope ut =er%any was dependent on

loans fro% the S., and had a long road to go

digging deeper russian revelution

Documents