different elementary subjects test sheet

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ENGLISH FACTS Use Tag Questions I. What is tag questions? Tag questions are the short form at the end of the questions. Questions converted from a statement by an appended interrogative formula. II. Affirmative Statement with Negative Tag Questions. a statement of agreement Short form of questions at the end of an assertion or request sentence with the word “not”( negative) Example: Sampaguita is a fragrant plant, isn’t it? ( affirmative) (negative) As you can see in the example sentence, the affirmative statement and the tag question is separated by a comma. Another one, in writing any tag question always remember to put a question mark. It is needed because once you have forgotten it in any exercises, you will got it wrong. Another example: You will be late, won’t you?

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Page 1: Different Elementary Subjects Test Sheet

ENGLISH FACTSUse Tag Questions

I. What is tag questions?• Tag questions are the short form at the end of the questions.• Questions converted from a statement by an appended interrogative

formula.II. Affirmative Statement with Negative Tag Questions.

a statement of agreement Short form of questions at the end of an assertion or request sentence with the word “not”( negative)

Example:

Sampaguita is a fragrant plant, isn’t it? ( affirmative) (negative)

As you can see in the example sentence, the affirmative statement and the tag question is separated by a comma. Another one, in writing any tag question always remember to put a question mark. It is needed because once you have forgotten it in any exercises, you will got it wrong.

Another example:

You will be late, won’t you?

She will die, wont she?

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III. Confirmative Statement with Positive Tag Questions

Statement that we use to con- Tag questions are mostly positive and firm something (negative) affirmative

Example:

You don’t like me, do you? ( negative ) (positive)

When the statement in the sentence is negative, the tag quest-

ion should be positive. This should make the question properly.

IV. Special Cases of Tag Questions

The adverbs never, rarely, seldom, hardly, barely and scarcely have a negative sense. Even though they may be in a positive statement, the feeling of the statement is negative. We treat statements with these words like negative statements, so the question tag is normally positive.

Another case is the case where the basic structure of tag questions is positive-negative or negative-positive, it is sometimes possible to use a positive-positive or negative-negative structure. We use same-way tag questions to express interest, surprise, anger etc, and not to make real questions.

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V. Reminders

1. Tag questions are end questions. They are used to express doubt and uncertainly and requires answers that agree as confirm.

2. Tag questions have two parts. The first part is a statement and the second part is a question called the tag questions. The two parts are separated by a comma.

3. The tag question is separated in two ways:• If the statement is positive the tag is negative. This question will

usually require a yes answer.• If the statement is negative the tag is positive. This question will

usually requires a no answer.

Example:

• It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it?• Genevieve lives in New Guinea, doesn’t she?• That isn’t your hat, is it?• You won’t be late, will you?• Snow isn’t black, is it?

• Yes, it is.• Yes, she does.• No, it isn’t.• No, I won’t.• Yes, it isn’t.

4. When the speaker expects a yes or no reply the tag question is said with a rising intonation.

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Announcement:What: Charlotte Graham’ s Birthday partyWhen: Septeber 16, 2009Who: All Charlotte’ s close friendWhere: Greenwich Village, Mustard Ave

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Giving the Details that Support the Big Ideas(Giving the Main Idea of the Selection Listened to)

The main idea is the point of the paragraph. It is the most important thought about the topic. The author can locate the main idea in different places within a paragraph. The main idea is usually a sentence, and it is usually the first sentence. The writer then uses the rest of the paragraph to support the main idea. While the main idea is usually in the first sentence, the next most common placement is in the last sentence of a paragraph. The author gives supporting information first and then makes the point in the last sentence. Finally, an author might put the main idea in the middle of a paragraph. The author will spend a few sentences introducing the topic, present the main idea, then spend the rest of the paragraph supporting it. This can make the main idea more difficult to find. When giving details to the given main topic, think about the topic thoroughly, then write all the details that describes and supports it.

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FILIPINO FACTSPanghalip Panao

I. Ano ang Panghalip Panao?

Ang panghalip panao ay ang panghalili sa ngalan ng tao.

II. Uri ng Panghalip Panao.

• Palagyo

• Paari

• Paukol o Palayon

III. Palagyo

Ang palagyo ay ang uri ng pahghalip panao kung saan ginagamit ito bilang simuno o kaganapang pansimuno.

Isahan Dalawahan Maramihan

una ako Kata; kita tayo; kami

Ikalawa Ikaw; ka X kayo

Ikatlo siya X sila

Panahan Kailanan

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IV. PaariGinagamit para mang-akin

V. Paukol o PalayonPangngalan pagkatapos ng pandiwa.

Isahan Dalawahan Maramihan

una Akin kanita Atin; amin

Ikalawa Iyo X Iyo

Ikatlo Kanya X kanila

Panahan Kailanan

Isahan Dalawahan Maramihan

una Ko nita natin; namin

Ikalawa Mo X Ninyo

Ikatlo niya X Nila

Panahan Kailanan

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HEKASI FACTSPandarayuhan

I. Ano ang Pandarayuhan?

Ang pandarayuhan ay ang paglilipat ng lokasyon na tinitirhan na maaaring permanente o panandalian lamang.

II. Uri ng mga Pandarayuhan

• Pandarayuhang Panloob o emigration- Ang pandarayuhang panloob ay ang pandarayuhan kung

saan lumilipat ang mandarayo ng lungsod, papunta sa barrio, papunta sa ibang rehiyon basta’t hindi aalis sa loob ng sarili nitong bansa katulad na lang ng Pilipinas.

• Pandarayuhanrg Panlabas o immigration-

Ang pandarayuhan panlabas ay ang pandarayuhan kung saan lumilipat ang mandarayo papaalis sa sarili nitong bansa. Hindi lilipat sa lungsod, sa barrio, sa lalawigan o sa anumamg rehiyon. Ang mandaryo ay aalis talaga sa sariling bansa at pupunta sa kalapit o kalayong bansa.

III. Dahilan ng Pandarayuhan

Pagkakataong maghanap buhay at guminhawa sa estado ng buhay-

Ang mga taong may nakikitang opurtinidad upang makaraos sa buhay na nakagisnan ang nangunguna sa pandarayuhan ng ating kababayan. Ito ay dahil gusto na nila mairaos ang kani- kanilang pamilya. Sila ay lumilipat pagkat tingin nilang mas maginhawa ang

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buhay sa ibang lugar.

Pagkakataong makapag-aral-

Ang mga scholarship, pangarap at dekalidad ng paaralan ay isa rin sa mga nagiging dahilan ng pandarayuhan. Ang scholarship kasi ay isang magandang oportunidad sa mga pamilyang may mga anak pang nag- aaral. Dahil madalas na malalayo ang mga paaralang may scholarship program naging madalas na desisyon ang pagsama ng buong pamilya sa anak nito.

Kapayapaan at katahimikan sa kapaligiran-

Ang mga taong hindi tahimik na namumuhay ay madalas mandarayuhan. Lalong-lalo na sa Mindanao. Kadalasan kasi sa mga lugar na ganito nangyayari ang mga kaguluhan sa gitna ng awayan ng militar at ng mga rebelde o NPA (No Permanent Adress) na nagiging sanhi ng pagkakaipit ng ating mga kababayang muslim sa gulo.

Likas na sakuna o kalamidad-

Sa mga kalamidad tulad ng bagyo, baha, pagputok ng bulkan, malalakas na alon ng dagat at pagguho ng lupa hindi maiiwasang magkaroon ng problema ang iba sa ating pamilyang pilipino. Maaari ka- sing magkasakit at masawi ang ilan sa kanilang miyembro sa tahanan at pamilya kung kaya’t lumilipat sila sa lugar na mas mataas upang hindi bahain at dahil pa sa ibang rason.

IV. Epekto ng Mga Pandarayuhang Nagaganap

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Mabuting Epekto:

•Kung ang pandarayuhang gaganapin ay pandarayuhang panloob, mababawasan ang bilang ng populasyon sa isang lugar o bayan ngunit hindi naman mababawasan ang populasyon sa buong bansa.

• Ang lugar na lilipatan ng mandarayo ay maaaring lilinis pagkat mas marami na ang magtutulungan dahil lumaki na ang populasyon nito.

Kung mayroon ngang mga magagandang epekto, meron namang hindi.

Masamang epekto:

• Kung ang pandarayuhang gaganapin ay pandarayuhang panlabas, mababawasan ang bilang ng populasyon sa bansang iiwanan ng mandarayo ngunit madadagdagan naman ang populasyon ng bansang pupuntahan nito.

•Ang lugar na lilipatan ng mandarayo ay maaaring rumumi pagkat mas madami pang maaaring magtapon ng basura kung saan- saan.

V. Pagsasalaysay:

Ang alin man sa dalawang uri ng pandarayuhan ay may kanya-kanyang epekto sa lugar na iiwan at pupuntahan ng mandarayo.

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Pagpapahalaga at Paniniwala ng mga Pilipino

Isa sa mga nagbubuklod sa mga Pilipino ay ang mga magkakatulad nilang pagpapahalaga. Magkakapareho ang mga pag-uugaling kinalakihan nila, na karaniwang naaayon sa kultura ng mga Pilipino. Ang mga pagpapahalaga ng mga Pilipino ay ang mga sumusunod:

Ang mga paniniwalang Pilipino ay ang mga sumusunod:Paniniwala sa demokrasyaPaniniwala sa kalayaanPaniniwala sa talino at kakayahan ng taoPaniniwala sa pagtutulunganPaniniwala sa wikang nagbuklod sa bansa

Ilang tradisyonal na pagpapahalaga ng mga Pilipino ang mga sumusunod:

PakikisamaBayanihanHospitalidadBahala naUtang na loobPagiging magalangAng mahigpit na pagsasama

han ng mag-anakUgaling ningas-kugon

Pagkakabuklod-buklod ng mag-anakPagpapahalaga sa buhay ng taoPagpapahalaga sa kapangyarihanPagtanaw ng utang na loobPagdadamayanPagtanggap ng panauhinPagkamakabayanPagpapahalaga sa edukasyonPagpapahalaga sa disiplinaPagpapahalagasakarapatangpantao, Diyos, kontitusyon ng bansaPagpapahalaga sa pasya ng nakararamiPagpapahalaga sa karapatan ng ibaPagpapahalaga sa matalino at likas na kakayahanPagpapahalaga sa kalusuganPagpapahalaga sa sariliPagpapahalaga sa gawaing marangalPagpapahalaga sa pagkakaiba ng iba/kaibahan ng tao

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MATH FACTSRenaming Fractions and Vice Versa

I. Words to help you learn the topic easier.

RENAME DECIMAL POINTDECIMAL FRACTION

II. Exploring math through words.• “Rename” means to change • “Fractions “means part of a whole.• “Decimal” means a fraction whose denominator is a power of ten and

whose numerator is expressed by figures placed to the right of a decimal point.

• Decimal point separates the whole number to the decimal number.III. Looking forward to an example.Let’s start with a simple example:

numerator 6 = 10

denominator When the denominator is at the power of ten, you will just copy the

numerator and put it before the decimal point in the right decimal place. To do that, count the number of 0 or just read the denominator. According on how you have read it, transfer it to a decimal place that you can read the same.

610 Denominator is read as ten that is why when you

transfer it to the decimal place it is in tenth place.Decimal Place Chart

When this example is renamed itbecomes 0.6

One zero in the denominator Tenths decimal place

Two zeroes in the denominator Hundredths decimal place

Three zeroes in denominator Thousandths decimal place

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Another example.

0.9

decimal number decimal place the decimal number is on the tenths place.

IV. Renaming improper fraction:

364100

Another example:

3104 3104/100= 31.04 100

204204/ 100= 2.04 100

228 228/100= 2.28 100

When this example is renamed itbecomes 9/10

In this situation, divide the bigger number ( which is the numerator) by the smaller number ( which is the denominator.)

For all problems like these just follow the rules.

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PEMDAS

P in PEMDAS means parenthesis, E means exponents, M means multiplication, D means division, A means addition, S means subtraction. In doing an operation we should follow PEMDAS. If there is a paranthesis and other equations then answer first the equation in the pharenthesis. If there are more than 1 parenthesis then answer first the most center equation/parenthesis. Brackets and parenthesis have the same use. When you have answered the equation in the parenthesis answer or simplify the the term with exponent next. After the exponents answer the equations that uses the operation of multiplication or division. Wondering why division is included? In using PEMDAS you should answer the first

equation that uses multiplication or division. For example: 25/5·(x or *)12. You would think that you would multiply 5 and 12 first right? Well, it is wrong. You should answer first the equation 25/5. So the answer is 60. Solution: 25/5=5·12=60.

In encountering two equations that uses the operations addition and subtraction, and the first equation uses subtraction you should do what i typed on the 5th fact. Answer the subtraction first before the addition. Are you wondering right now why these happened while in the acronym PEMDAS some equations are on the first letters while they can exchange(places and the order when they would be answered)? My opinion is that the acronym will change every time you answer problems that have different arrangement so they made the letters M, D, A and S in a temporary position or it is hard to pronounce if it is PEDMSA. Speakers of British English often use "BODMAS" instead, which stands for "Brackets, Orders, Division and Multiplication, and Addition and Subtraction". Since "brackets" are the same as parentheses and "orders" are the same as exponents, the two acronyms mean the same thing. We use PEMDAS to prevent confusion in solving problems if there are more than one operation on how to solve it.

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SCIENCE FACTSCirculatory System

I. Knowing the circulatory system better.Words that may help you connect to the circulatory system:

BLOOD CIRCULATION HEART CELLS VESSELS

II. How does the circulatory system works? Ways of blood in the circulatory system

• Blood goes into three paths, the blood vessels: the arteries, capillaries is and the veins.

- Veins carries blood towards the heart- Arteries carries blood away from the heart- Capillaries connects the arterioles ( of arteries) and venules ( of veins)and where gas exchange happens. Facts about Blood and the Circulatory System

• Circulatory system is connected to digestive system and other systems

of the body like excretory system.• This system was alike from the word “circulation” that means

movement to and fro over and over again in a closed system.• Blood will be sent to different parts of our body to deliver the nutrients

it has collected. • Take this noted: The blood does not only collect nutrients along its way,

it can also collect waste products. These wastes will also be delivered to the place they are designated.

• Blood’s composition: 90% fluidity and 10% wastes, antibody and hormones.

• In our blood specifically in the red blood cells , we have a protein called hemoglobin. Each hemoglobin protein contains 4 iron atoms that bind to oxygen. This is how oxygen is carried round our blood stream. Iron is what makes our blood red.

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III. Heart is the center of the circulatory system. Learn more about the heart!!• Heart have 4 chambers for different uses, usually when it starts to

pump these 4 chambers will be the passage or pumper of blood heading away and even moving forward to the heart.

• 2 chambers are the ventricles: the right and the left• The right ventricles pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through

the pulmonary artery.• After the deoxygenated blood become oxygenated it goes back to the

heart (certain part: left atrium to the left ventricle) through the pulmonary vein so it can be delivered to the body by passing on the Aorta.

• 2 chambers above are the atrium: the right and the left- The right atrium becomes the passage where the deoxygenated

blood goes to the right ventricle- The left atrium will receive the oxygenated blood from the

pulmonary vein then goes to the left ventricle to be pumped and be deoxygenated.

• Pumped oxygenated blood goes back to the heart in the right atrium to the right ventricle as a deoxygenated blood by superior and inferior vena cava.

• When blood is deoxygenated that mean it has no oxygen and nutrients to feed up the cells of

IV. Focusing on Cells • Circulatory system has cellular parts.• Those cellular parts are platelets, red blood cells and white blood

cells.– Platelets are the one responsible for healing of wounds– Red blood cells carries oxygen and contains hemoglobin

( needed for transport oxygen)– White blood cells are the fighter of germs in our body.

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V. Diseases of the Circulatory system.• Arteriosclerosis- fatty deposits in the arteries causes the walls to

stiffen and thicken. This can block the blood flow that can lead to heart attack or stroke. Symptoms are chest pain, pain in the leg, arm or any part, shortness of breath, fatigue, confusion and muscles weakens.

• Hypertension- known as high blood pressure that causes the heart to work harder and can lead to heart attack. No symptoms can be applied because hypertension are usually silent.

• Rheumatic Fever- attack valves that controls the blood flows through the heart. Incomplete development of the heart may result to congenital heart disorder. fever. Symptoms are painful tender joints in the ankles, knees, elbows, and wrists, pain in one joint that moves to another joint, red, hot, swollen joints, small nodules (bumps) under the skin that don't hurt, chest pain, rapid fluttering or pounding chest palpitations and fatigue.

• Stroke- when the brain cannot get enough oxygen because the blood supply is blocked, brain cells die. This causes a certain part of the body to freeze. Symptoms are face droop or numbness, speech difficulties and weakness of muscle on one side.

• Heart failure- severe failure of the heart to function properly, especially as a cause of death. Symptoms are Shortness of breath (dyspnea) when you exert yourself or when you lie down, fatigue and weakness, swelling (edema) in your legs, ankles and feet, rapid or irregular heartbeat, reduced ability to exercise, persistent cough or wheezing with white or pink blood-tinged phlegm.

VI. Secrets for having a healthy circulatory system. 1. Engage in physical activity.2. Quit smoking and using tobacco.3. Balanced diet.4. Avoid drinking alcoholic drinks.

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The Ecosystem

Ecology is the science that deals with the relationship and interaction of living things with other living things with non-living things and environment.

Ecology comes from the Greek words:Οἶκος means "house"-λογία means "study of“

Ecosystem is the interaction between biotic and abiotic components or physical component in a given place.

Biotic components are the living things. The biotic components are composed by producers, consumers, and decomposers.

Consumers or heterotrophs/ other feeders obtain nutrients from producers or other organisms. Consumers can be classified into three groups which are: * Herbivores – Herbivores eats plants and does not feed on meat. * Carnivores – Carnivores eats the meat of herbivores and other carnivores. * Omnivores – Omnivores eat both plants and meat of animals. Decomposers get nutrients from dead organic matter like fallen leaves and bodies of dead animals. Bacteria and fungi are decomposers.

Abiotic components are non-living components of an ecosystem such as water, minerals, sunlight, air, climate and soil. It is needed by living things in order to survive. It also determines the survival, growth and the adaptation of the living organisms.

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Water – For drinking and other uses, all living organisms need water to survive. People need approximately 2.0 – 3.0 liters of water everyday. Water covers about 70% of the earths’s surface. It is abundant in many parts of the world, such as in tropical forests, and scarce in other parts, such as in deserts. Light - Without light, plants will not be able to produce food. During the process of a photosynthesis, plants that contain clorophyll ( a green pigment) convert light into chemical energy in the form of food. Air – Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere (78%), followed by oxygen (21%) and carbon monoxide (0.03%). Plants, animals and other living things need oxygen from the air, and plants need carbon dioxide. Nitrogen is needed to fertilize the soil. Temperature – Temperature changes affect many life processes in both plants and animals. It sets a limit where an organism can survive. Temperature also sets off natural process in the non-living world which in turn affect living things. The weather changes, water cycle, weathering of a rock and soil and certain chemical reactions are examples of natural processes triggered by temperature.

Organisms must cope with the changes in temperature in order to survive. Coping sometimes means entering a period of inactivity called the dormant stage. Hibernation and estivation are examples of animal inactivity. Hibernation takes place during winter and estivation during summer. Some animals cope with temperature changes by moving out of the place or area. Bird Migration is an example. Another example is the sex of the crocodile. It is determined by the temperature at which the egg is incubated.

Soil – Plants get the necessary nutrients they need from the minerals in the soil. The soil most appropriate for plants is classifieds as loam. Most organisms need a substrate or surface on which to live. Soil provides the substrate for many organisms. Relationship among organisms is called symbiosis. There are four kinds of symbiosis.

Mutualism is the relationship of two organisms that benefits from each other. An example are plants and humans. Human

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gives off carbon dioxide which are used by plants to make food while plants give off oxygen that are needed by humans.

Commensalism is a relationship in which only one of two organisms is benefited while the other one is not, but no harm comes to it. An example is barnacles and an oyster. The barnacles attach themselves to the shell of an oyster and are able to filter food from the surrounding water without harming the oyster. They are not carried along by currents and tides. Parasitism is the relationship between two organisms where one (the parasite) obtains food from the other (the host), thus reducing the host’s available food. The parasite benefits the disadvantage of the host. An example is a pig and a tapeworm. The host pig loses nutrients to the tapeworm and is subject to various diseases, and the tapeworm benefits. Predation is the relationship in which one animal preys on another. In predation, the prey is usually a smaller animal than the predator. An example is a lion eating a deer. The lion is the predator and the deer is the prey. Competition happens when two animals compete for the same resource . There are two types of competion. These are: Interspecific competition – when two animals of different species compete with each other for the same resource. Intraspecific Competition – when two animals of same species compete with each other for the same resource.

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A food chain is the sequence of who eats whom in a biological community (an ecosystem) to obtain nutrition. A food chain starts with the primary energy source, usually the sun or boiling-hot deep sea vents.

Food web is a system of interlocking and inter - dependent food chains. Human activities, nature and overpopulation interrupts the ecosystem. Human activities that interrupts the ecosystem are mining, intensive farming, intensive fishing and not disposing garbage properly. Flooding, earthquake, volcanic eruption and others are activities of nature that interrupts the ecosystem while overpopulation causes habitat loss and climate change (but there are now programs/campaigns to help conserve and preserve the ecosystem and the environment).

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The transfer of energy from one organism to another is not 100% efficient. The amount of energy available at each successive level is called trophic level. It becomes progressively less. For example, the chicken (look again at the picture) consumed 1000 units of plant materials, but only 10% or 100 units of the stored energy in plants are used up when the chicken respires and makes tissues. When the boy eats the chicken, only about 10% or 10 units of energy stored in chicken tissues are utilized for his respiration, growth and maintenance. In an ecosystem, the primary consumers, or herbivores, eat plants. The herbivores have much less energy available to them than the plants originally produced in photosynthesis. Only 10% of the energy obtained by plants is available for herbivores’ growth of new tissues, locomotion, and other activities. With all these animal activities, the energy is converted to heat. The secondary consumers, the carnivores, obtain energy from herbivores. The energy here is much less than that taken in by the herbivores. The pyramid next page illustrates this transfer of energy in the ecosystem.

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