differences in north and south slavery food crops v. cash crops industrialism population size...
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Differences in North and South
• Slavery
• Food crops v. cash crops
• Industrialism
• Population size
• Reliance on Cotton
Why did California and Wilmot Proviso increase tension?
• California – Huge free state, upsets balance.
• Wilmot Proviso – Proposal to make all of Mexican Cession non-slave
• Both increase tension because they make southerners feel threatened.
Where did Compromise of 1850 come from? What were terms?
• Came about – Because they needed to decide what to do with Mexican Cession.
• Terms: – California = Free State– Fugitive Slave Law – Popular Sovereignty in
rest of Mex. Cession
How was Comp of 1850 adopted.
• Piece by piece instead of all at once.
What was Fugitive Slave Law and its effects?
• Runaway slaves can be / will be hunted down in any state.
• People in northern states are legally obligated to assist slave catchers.
• Effects – More tension, resistance, Personal Liberty Laws
What was Underground Railroad and its effects?
• Network of people who helped runaway slaves to escape.
• Impact – Not a significant number of slaves escaped.
• Symbolic impact – Increased tension.
• Harriet Tubman – Most famous example.
Significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe?
• Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• Massive bestseller. • Increased tension. • Important because
it increased Northern awareness of how bad slavery really was.
What were causes and results of Kansas Nebraska Act?
• Causes– Kansas ready for statehood.– Desire to spread slavery to
Kansas. – Growth of Popular Sovereignty
after 1850• Results
– Popular Sovereignty in K / N – Lecompton Constitution – John Brown / Bleeding Kansas– Preston Brooks / Bleeding
Sumner– Growth of Republican Party
What caused split / demise of Whigs?
• Regional disagreements over slavery.
What was Know Nothing party and Nativism?
• Nativism = Anti immigration beliefs.
• Know Nothing Party = Political party that believed in Nativism
Main ideas of Free Soil party?
• Don’t allow spread of slavery.
How was Republican party formed and what were its main ideas?
• Formed after demise of Whigs.
• Other new parties aren’t big enough.
• Believe that slavery should not spread to territories.
Significance of Buchanan’s win in 1856 election.
• Worst President in US history elected.
Significance of Dred Scott Decision
• Overturns previous compromises about slavery.
• Declares government cannot prohibit slavery in territories.
• Eliminates citizenship for free African Americans.
Significance of Lecompton Constitution.
• Pro-slavery state constitution for Kansas.
• Evidence of how much tension existed over issue of slavery in Kansas.
Causes / Positions / Results of Lincoln Douglas Debates.
• 1858 Senate election in Illinois
• Lincoln v. S. Douglas • Lincoln – Attacks slavery,
says not to allow spread of slavery. (House Divided)
• Douglas – Has contradictions in his position on slavery. (Freeport Doctrine)
• Lincoln wins debates. • Douglas wins election.
What happened at Harper’s Ferry? Why did it increase tension?
• J. Brown attacked Federal arsenal.
• Tried to start massive slave revolt.
• Caught, convicted, hanged. • Praised by some in North. • Hated by all in South. • Makes Southerners think
Northerners are out to get them.
How did Slavery impact election of 1860?
• Republican position = don’t allow spread of slavery.
• Democrats are split over issue of slavery.
• Because Democrats are split, Republicans win.
What were causes / results of creation of Confederacy?
• Cause – Election of Lincoln
Secession of Southern States Formation of Confederacy
• Result – Main cause of Civil War.
Causes and results of attack on Fort Sumter?
• Causes– Formation of
Confederacy– Union forts in Southern
territory– Lincoln’s decision to re-
supply the fort
• Result– Started the Civil War
Advantages of each side
• North – More people, more money, more supplies, established government.
• South – Better generals, defensive war, highly motivated soldiers. (Support of England)
Strategies for each side • North – Anaconda Plan
– Surround the south / Blockade
– Take control of Mississippi R. / Cut in half
– Attack Richmond
• South – – Inflict losses on the North
until they give up the fight – Get help from England
(Cotton Diplomacy)
Significance of Bull Run?
• First major fighting / bloodshed of the war.
• Shows how bad things will be.
Importance of Shiloh
• Shows how bad Civil War will be.– Bloodiest day ever, to
that point.
• Elevates status of US Grant.
New Weapons / Tech • Better rifles = More likely
to hit what you aim at = More people get shot.
• Railroads = Easier to get reinforcements = More people at battles = More people get killed.
• Ironclad ships – Change naval warfare forever.
McClellan v. Lee
• McClellan (NORTH) = Overly cautious, unsuccessful.
• Lee (SOUTH) = Daring, creative, successful for most of the war.
Significance of Antietam
• 1st invasion of the North by Lee.
• 1st major victory against Lee.
• Missed opportunity by McClellan.
• Springboard for Emancipation Proclamation.
Why did Britain stay neutral?
• British were generally anti-slavery.
• British found other sources of cotton.
What was Lincoln’s view on slavery?
• Personally – Disliked it.
• Politically – Willing to put up with it if it would help to win the war.
• Strategically – Realized that the Emancipation Proclamation could help win the war.
What was the Emancipation Proclamation and its significance?
• What was it?– Lincoln’s declaration ending slavery
in Confederacy• Significance
– Hurt the south / took away workforce.
– Makes south more desperate. – Kept England out of war.– Changed the nature / tone of the
war.
How did Lincoln deal with dissent?
• Harshly
• Suspended Constitutional protections.
• Habeus Corpus
• 1st Amendment
How did both sides use Conscription?
• Conscription = Draft
• Both sides used it (Confederacy 1st)
• Very unpopular
• Unfairly administered.
Causes of NYC Draft Riots?
• Backlash against conscription
• Attacks against African Americans and the wealthy.
What led to Gettysburg?
• Loss of Jackson
• Lee’s 2nd invasion of the North
• Shoes / Supplies
Gettysburg 3 Days • Day 1 –
– Small parts of Southern / Northern armies encounter each other at Gettysburg
– Lead elements fight. – Both sides get reinforcements
• Day 2 – South (Lee) attacks flank. – North (Chamberlain) successfully
defends Little Round Top• Day 3
– Lee attacks center at Cemetery Ridge.
– Called Pickett’s Charge. Huge disaster.
Why is Gettysburg a turning point?
• 2nd time Lee invaded North, 2nd time he was defeated.
• Lee’s losses are so bad that his army never recovers.
• Can no longer attack, only defend.
• Becomes obvious that Northern numerical superiority will be the factor that wins the war.
What were causes / results of Vicksburg?
• City of Vicksburg controlled traffic on Mississippi R.
• North attacks Vicksburg as logical part of Anaconda Plan.
• City put under siege, eventually captured by Grant.
• After Vicksburg, North controls Mississippi, splits Confederacy in half.
Significance of Gettysburg address?
• Most famous speech in US history.
• Unifies country.
How did defeats at Gettysburg and Vicksburg affect the South?
• Gettysburg –– Lee’s army smashed. – Makes it obvious that
numerical superiority will be the difference.
• Vicksburg – – Grant does the
impossible. – Divides South in half.
How did Confederate morale weaken as the war progressed?
• Expected a short war.
• Huge casualties.
• Lack of supplies.
• Conflicts within Confederate government.
How did Grant / Sherman change the war?
• Less cautious than earlier generals.
• Exploit numerical advantage.
• Total War. – War against civilian
targets, not just military.
– Sherman’s March to the Sea.
The election of 1864• Lincoln re-elected.
• First President to ever face an election during wartime.
• Andrew Johnson (D) becomes Vice President. – Will become a big
problem after Lincoln dies.
How did Civil War end?
• Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House.
• Confederate army granted generous terms.
Political changes b/c of Civil War
• 13th Amendment ends slavery.
• Federal government becomes more powerful.
How did Civil War impact economy?
• Paper money (Greenbacks)
• Northern Econ booms. – Rise of big businesses.
• Southern Econ destroyed.– Sharecropping system
replaced slavery.
Costs of war.
• 600,000+ died. – 1 of 30 Americans was
wounded or died. – Mostly from disease. – More than all other US
wars combined. • Financial cost was so high, it
would have been cheaper for the federal government to buy all 4 million slaves in 1860.
Significance of 13th Amendment
• Final end to slavery.
What did Americans do after war?
• Many went west.
• Ex Slaves often became sharecroppers.
How was Lincoln assassinated.
• John Wilkes Booth
• Ford’s Theater
• Leads to Andrew Johnson becoming President.
• Would Lincoln be as important today if he had NOT been assassinated?