differences between the north south west - …€¢farmers arrived by the thousands. they were...
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Unit 4: Civil War and Reconstruction
Lecture #1
Differences Between the North
South WestAZ State Sdn S1C6PO1A-F
Created by SMHS Staff 7-19-06
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Differences Between
North/South/West
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AZ State sdn S1C6PO1A-F 3
Objectives:
• Explain economic, social
and political causes of the
Civil War
–Economic and social
differences between North,
South, and West
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What is Sectionalism?
• Competition among sections or
regions of a country.
• The different regions were the
North and South.
• The West didn’t practice it,
instead other regions fought to
control the destiny of the West.
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What were the differences?
South
• Agricultural
• Plantations
• Cheap labor
in form of
slaves
• Leisurely
lifestyle
North
• Industrial
• Business and
industry
• Life faster
pace
• Commerce
important
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The Industrial North
• Factories were used for
manufacturing goods in the North.
Slaves were not needed for work.
• Machines allowed products to be
produced faster. Immigrants did
the work.
• New tools transformed northern
farms. Improvements to the plow
made farm work easier and faster.
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The Agricultural South
• The South had long relied on
agriculture and slave labor.
• Industrialization developed
more slowly than in the North.
• Cotton represented half of all
U.S. exports.
• Eli Whitney’s cotton gin.
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What were the issues?
• Created sectional conflict:
–Slavery
–Representation
–Tariffs
–States Rights
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Slavery Issue
• Northerners didn’t care about it in
the beginning but the extension into
territories, it became an issue.
• Southerners needed it for their
economy.
• Just one in four southern white
families owned slaves, but this group
of slaveholders dominated Southern
society and politics.
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Representation Issue
• Both wanted power to pass laws
that would benefit their section.
• More states that became free or
slave meant more votes in
Congress.
• Became an issue as we expanded
westward and added states
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Tariffs Issue
• A tax on imported goods.
• North supported tariffs
• Use it to protect their industries
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Question:
• Why would the South not
support high tariffs?
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Tariffs Issue
• South resented all tariffs
• They imported everything and needed other nations to purchase their cotton
• Used right of nullification. (nullification - the power of a state to declare a federal law null and void.)
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Nullification Debate
• Southerners believed in states’
rights. (a state’s right to be free
from unwanted federal control.)
• Calhoun said people of a state
could nullify, or declare illegal
any federal law they believed to
be unconstitutional.
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Question:
• Why would the South
oppose strong federal laws?
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States Rights Issue
• South fears the North will pass
laws that will hurt their lifestyle.
• Examples would be tariffs and
laws to restrict or abolish
slavery.
• South again claimed they had
the right of nullification.
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Reasons for Sectionalism
• Expansion of slavery.
• Tariffs.
• Nullification of federal laws.
• (Nullification – is the refusal or
failure of a U.S. state to
recognize or enforce Federal
laws within its boundaries.)
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The Lure of the West
• The West economy was:
– mining
–ranching
–agriculture.
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• California Gold Rush (1849) “49ers” helped bring thousands of people West looking to strike it rich.
• Gold & Silver strikes were big. Most people never found gold.
Mining
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• Cattle ranchers were attracted to
Texas with its herds of free
roaming longhorns.
• Many people wanted to make
money by sending them to market
back East.
Ranching
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• Farmers arrived by the
thousands. They were
encouraged by the federal gov’t
and railroads.
Agriculture
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Main Ideas
• sectionalism
• differencesbetween North and South
• slavery issue
• representationissue
• tariff issue
• states’ rightsissue
• nullification
• reasons for sectionalism
• West economy
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• 1. What is sectionalism?
• 2. What was the economy based on in the
North?
• 3. What was the economy based on in the
South?
• 4. Name four major inventions of the
1800’s.
• 5. Why did the South oppose protective
tariffs?
• 6. What was the economy based on in the
West?
• 7. What three factors contributed to
sectionalism?