Code, Standard & Specification

What is Code, Standard & Specification ? • Standard

−A standard can be defined as a set of technical definitions and guidelines-“how to" instructions for designers and manufacturers.

−They serve as a common language, defining quality and establishing safety criteria.

−Examples- ASTM standard, ISO standard.

What is Code, Standard & Specification ? • Why Standard is required ?

−Standards are documents that establish engineering or technical requirements for products, practices, methods or operations.

−Build confidence about quality in users

−Lower the cost of production as requirements are standardize

What is Code, Standard & Specification ? • Code: A code is a standard that

has been adopted by one or more governmental bodies and has the force of law, or when it has been incorporated into a business contract

What is Code, Standard & Specification ? • Only if Regulatory body in your

Country has adopted said Code as law • If not, Code will server as generally

accepted guidelines for design, construction and installation

• Examples- ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code , AWS D1.1 etc.

What is Code, Standard & Specification ? • Why Code is required ?

−Providing a set of rules that specify the minimum acceptable level of safety for manufactured, fabricated or constructed objects.

−Also refer out to standards or specifications for specific details on additional requirements not specified in the Code itself.

What is Code, Standard & Specification ? • Specification

−a specific description of the design and materials used to make something.

−They are set of instructions and/or requirements over and above requirements given in Code & Standard.

What is Code, Standard & Specification ? • Specification

−Must meet requirements −Examples- Company Provided specification, Product specification

What is Code, Standard & Specification ? • Why Specification is required ?

−Specifications provide specific / additional requirements for materials, components or services above and beyond code or standard requirements

−Often generated by private companies to address additional requirements applicable to a specific product or application

Piping Code & Standard• Provide a set of requirements for a

safe, reliable and economical installation and operation throughout the life of process plant

• Provide consistent dimensions and ratings so that components will fit together

• Improve system reliability• Cost saving

ASME B31.3 Process Piping Code• Code Cover.. (Scope of

ASME B31.3 Code)−Requirements for materials−Components, −Design, −Fabrication, assembly, erection,

−Examination, inspection, and testing of piping.

Material standard• Material Standard cover..

−Manufacturing process • Open hearth (OH), electro furnace (EF), basic oxygen (BO)

• Hot/ cold drawing, forging, extruding , bending , piercing, rolling etc..

−Chemical and Mechanical Property of raw material and finished product• Carbon, Manganese, sulfur, silicon, Cr, Mo, Ni etc..• yield, tensile strength, elongation, hardness etc..

Material standard• Material Standard cover..

−Heat treatment requirements• Normalizing, stress reliving, annealing, solution annealing etc..

−Mechanical testing requirements• Tensile test, bending test, Flattening Tests, impact testing etc..

−NDT examination, inspection and testing requirements• Radiography, Dye/liquid penetrant or magnetic particle, ultrasonic, visual etc..

Material standard• Material Standard cover..

−Acceptable tolerance for imperfection

−Defect repairs• Extent of repair, method of repair and acceptance level

−Marking and certification requirements • manufacturer’s name or brand, the specification and grade, Heat no. length, dimension etc..

Material standard for Process Piping components • Material Standard cover..

−Supplementary requirements • These are the requirements mentioned in purchase order and are over and above the standard requirements as per purchasers' need.

−General requirements • Product finishing, ordering information, packing etc..

• Example- ASTM Section 01, Section 02 and Section 03

Dimension standard• Dimension Standard cover..

−Different standard for different components gives product specific requirements

• Pipe −Pipe sizes, inside and outside diameters, wall

thickness, schedules, permissible variance, markings and weight of pipe• ASME B36.10 - Welded & Seamless wrought iron pipes• ASME B36.19 - Stainless steel pipes

Dimension standard• Pipe Fittings

− sizes, inside and outside diameters, wall thickness, ratings, end preparation, tolerances and marking requirements

−Butt welded fittings;• ASME B16.9 - Factory-Made Wrought Butt welding Fittings• ASME B16.28 - Wrought Steel Butt Welding Short Radius Elbows and Returns

−Socket & Threaded fittings• ASME B16.11- Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded

Dimension standard• Flange: Pressure-temperature ratings, materials,

dimensions, tolerances, marking and testing. Flange bolting dimension and gasket requirements are also included −NPS ½ through NPS 24

• ASME B16.5 - Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings−NPS 26 through NPS 60

−ASME B16.47 - Large Diameter Steel Flanges

Dimension standard• Branch connection

−pressure-temperature ratings, size and types, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking and testing• MSS SP-97

• Bolting− Included in Flange dimension standard −ASME B16.5 /B16.47

Dimension standard• Gasket: Materials, dimensions, tolerances,

and markings for metal ring-joint gaskets, spiral-wound metal gaskets, and metal jacketed gaskets and type of filler material−ASME B16.20 - Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges-

Ring-Joint, Spiral-Would, and Jacketed−ASME B16.21- Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe

Flanges

What we have learned?• Code, Standard &

Specification• Benefits • Material standard • Dimension standard

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