diff biology ch. 7 a view of the cell. ch. 7 a view of the cell a.history -before 1600 ’s -...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DiffDiffBiologyBiologyCh. 7Ch. 7
DiffDiffBiologyBiologyCh. 7Ch. 7
A View of the Cell
A View of the Cell
![Page 2: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CH. 7 A View of the Cell
CH. 7 A View of the Cell
A.A. HistoryHistory- before 1600’s - fiber/tissue
thought to be the basic unit of life
- spontaneous generation
1. Robert Hooke (1665)- observed cork cells
I. The Cell Theory:
I.The Cell Theory:
![Page 3: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Robert Hooke (1665)- Coined term ‘Cell’
Robert Hooke (1665)- Coined term ‘Cell’
![Page 4: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
2. Van Leeuwenhoek
(1683) 2. Van Leeuwenhoek
(1683) - first to
see living cells
![Page 5: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Von Leeuwenhoek (1683)- first to see living cells
Von Leeuwenhoek (1683)- first to see living cells
![Page 6: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
3.Mathias Schleiden (1838)
3.Mathias Schleiden (1838)- plants made
up of cells
![Page 7: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
4.4.Theodor SchwannTheodor Schwann (1838)
4.4.Theodor SchwannTheodor Schwann (1838)- animals made
up of cells
![Page 8: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
5.5.Rudolph VirchowRudolph Virchow (1855)
5.5.Rudolph VirchowRudolph Virchow (1855)
- cells come from other cells
![Page 9: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
B.The Cell Theory(3 parts):
B.The Cell Theory(3 parts):1.All living things are made
of cells.2.All cells come from
preexisting cells.3.Cells are the basic units
of structure and function.
![Page 10: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
- developed over several hundred years involving many scientists
- followed the development of the microscope
![Page 11: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Research Method: Light Microscopy
Research Method: Light Microscopy
TECHNIQUE RESULTS
Brightfield (unstained specimen). Passes light directly through specimen. Unless cell is naturally pigmented or artificially stained, image has little contrast. [Parts (a)–(d) show a human cheek epithelial cell.]
(a)
Brightfield (stained specimen). Staining with various dyes enhances contrast, but most staining procedures require that cells be fixed (preserved).
(b)
Phase-contrast. Enhances contrast in unstained cells by amplifying variations in density within specimen; especially useful for examining living, unpigmented cells.
(c)
50 µm
![Page 12: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Differential-interference-contrast (Nomarski). Like phase-contrast microscopy, it uses optical modifications to exaggerate differences indensity, making the image appear almost 3D.
Fluorescence. Shows the locations of specific molecules in the cell by tagging the molecules with fluorescent dyes or antibodies. These fluorescent substances absorb ultraviolet radiation and emit visible light, as shown here in a cell from an artery.
Confocal. Uses lasers and special optics for “optical sectioning” of fluorescently-stained specimens. Only a single plane of focus is illuminated; out-of-focus fluorescence above and below the plane is subtracted by a computer. A sharp image results, as seen in stained nervous tissue (top), where nerve cells are green, support cells are red, and regions of overlap are yellow. A standard fluorescence micrograph (bottom) of this relatively thick tissue is blurry.
50 µm
50 µm
(d)
(e)
(f)
![Page 13: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Micrograph of a neuron
and dendrites using
antibodies, fluorescent
proteins, and confocal
microscope
Micrograph of a neuron
and dendrites using
antibodies, fluorescent
proteins, and confocal
microscope
![Page 14: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Research Method: Electron Microscopy
Research Method: Electron Microscopy
TECHNIQUE RESULTS
Scanning electron micro-scopy (SEM). Micrographs takenwith a scanning electron micro-scope show a 3D image of the surface of a specimen. This SEM shows the surface of a cell from a rabbit trachea (windpipe) covered with motile organelles called cilia. Beating of the cilia helps moveinhaled debris upward toward the throat.
(a)
Transmission electron micro-scopy (TEM). A transmission electron microscope profiles a thin section of a specimen. Here we see a section through a tracheal cell, revealing its ultrastructure. In preparing the TEM, some cilia were cut along their lengths, creating longitudinal sections, while other cilia were cut straight across, creating cross sections.
(b)
Cilia 1 µm
Longitudinalsection ofcilium
Cross sectionof cilium
1 µm
![Page 15: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Light Microscopes vs. Electron MicroscopeLight Microscopes vs. Electron Microscope
Light Microscope Electron Microscope
Weak Magnification—up to 1000x
Strong Magnification—500,000x
Cheap Expensive
Can look at living organism Can only look at dead organism
![Page 16: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Everything that lives is made of cells.
Everything that lives is made of cells.
![Page 17: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
C.Two Basic Cell Types:
C.Two Basic Cell Types:1.1. Prokaryotes:Prokaryotes:
- no nucleus nor organelles- simple internal structure- very small, primitive,
unicellular- bacteria
![Page 18: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ProkaryoProkaryoteteProkaryoProkaryotete
Bacteria Cell
![Page 19: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
2.Eukaryotes:2.Eukaryotes:- have a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles- complex internal structure- animals, plants, fungi,
protists
![Page 20: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
EukaryotEukaryotee
EukaryotEukaryotee
Animal Cell
![Page 21: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
EukaryotEukaryotee
EukaryotEukaryotee
Plant Cell
![Page 22: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Prokaryotes vs EukaryotesProkaryotes vs EukaryotesProkaryotes Eukaryotes
Plasma membrane Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm Cytoplasm
Ribosomes (makes proteins) Ribosomes(makes proteins)
DNA DNA
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
No nucleus nucleus
No membrane bound organelles
Membrane bound organelles
DNA is not associated with proteins
DNA is associated with protiens (histones)
DNA not in nucleus DNA is in nucleus
![Page 23: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3. Cytoplasm
II. Cell StructureII. Cell Structure- 3 main parts of cells:1. Plasma membrane
2. Nucleus
![Page 24: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
1.Composition- bilayer of phospholipids embedded with proteins- “fluid mosaic” theory
A.Plasma membrane: A.Plasma membrane:
![Page 25: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Plasma membranePlasma membrane
lipid bilayerprotein
s
![Page 26: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Plasma membranePlasma membrane
Glycoprotein
Carbohydrate
Microfilamentsof cytoskeletonCholesterol Peripheral
proteinIntegralprotein
CYTOPLASMIC SIDEOF MEMBRANE
EXTRACELLULARSIDE OF MEMBRANE
Glycolipid
Fibers of extracellularmatrix (ECM)
![Page 27: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
- holds cell together- regulates movement of
molecules into or out of the cell
2.Function:2.Function:
![Page 28: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
3.Cell Wall3.Cell Wall- Prokaryotes (bacteria), fungi
and plants have a cell wall- Animal cells do NOT have a cell wall.- rigid, layered structure on the
outside of cells that protects and supports cell
- found on cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria
- plant cell walls made of cellulose
![Page 29: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cell Wall Cell Wall
![Page 30: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Membrane ProteinsMembrane Proteins
Look at the oligosaccharideHelps with cell to cell recognition
![Page 31: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Peripheral proteinsPeripheral proteinsAdhere
temporarily to the plasma membrane
Regulate cell signaling
![Page 32: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
GlycoproteinGlycoproteinCell ReceptorStructureHormonesCell attachmentEnzyme
![Page 33: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
CholesterolCholesterolMaintains fluidity
-In the heat keeps phospholipids together
- In the cold prevents phospholipids from being to close to each other. **prevents rigidity.
![Page 34: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
GlycolipidGlycolipidProvides energyServe as markers
for cell to cell recognition
![Page 35: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Nucleus
B.Nucleus:
B.Nucleus:- control center of the cell- contains chromatin (DNA
“blueprint” for cell’s proteins)
![Page 36: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
End of 7.1 and 7.2 Notes
End of 7.1 and 7.2 Notes
Stop studying here.
![Page 37: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1. Nucleolus:1. Nucleolus:- makes ribosomes
2.2. Chromatin:Chromatin:- active form of chromosomes- long threads of DNA and protein
![Page 38: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Cytoplasm
- liquid interior of the cell- mostly water with dissolved
substances (O2,CO2, sugar, etc.)
C. CytoplasmC. Cytoplasm
![Page 39: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
OrganellesCytoplasm
- contains Organelles:tiny structures that carry out specialized functions
C. CytoplasmC. Cytoplasm
![Page 40: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
D. Assembly, Storage,and Transport
D. Assembly, Storage,and Transport
![Page 41: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
1. Ribosomes:1. Ribosomes:- where proteins are made in a
cell- found in both prokaryotes and
eukaryotes
![Page 42: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
2. Endoplasmic Reticulum:
2. Endoplasmic Reticulum:
- produces and transports molecules
![Page 43: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
3. Golgi Body:3. Golgi Body:- store, modify, and package
proteins, hormones, etc.
![Page 44: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
- stores food, waste, sugar, water, etc.
4.Vacuole:4.Vacuole:
Vacuole
Stored food or waste
![Page 45: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
5. Lysosome:5. Lysosome:- digest food molecules or
worn-out cells
![Page 46: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
6. Leucoplasts:6. Leucoplasts: - store starch (plants only)
7.7. Chromoplasts:Chromoplasts:- contain colorful
pigments (plants only)
E.E. Energy Energy TransformationsTransformations
![Page 47: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
- "power house" of cells1.Mitochondrion:1.Mitochondrion:1.Mitochondrion:1.Mitochondrion:
![Page 48: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
- site of cellular respiration
Glucose + Oxygen Energy + CO2 +
H2O
C6H12O6 + O2
1.Mitochondrion:1.Mitochondrion:1.Mitochondrion:1.Mitochondrion:
![Page 49: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
- site of photosynthesis in plant cells
2.2. Chloroplasts:Chloroplasts:2.2. Chloroplasts:Chloroplasts:
![Page 50: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Sunlight + H2O + CO2 C6H12O6 +
O2
2.2.Chloroplasts:Chloroplasts:2.2.Chloroplasts:Chloroplasts:
![Page 51: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
F. Support and Locomotion
F. Support and Locomotion
1.Cytoskeleton- internal framework of cell
a. Microtubulesb. Microfilaments
- contractile proteins- enable cells to move
![Page 52: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
2. Centrioles2. Centrioles- aid in the division of animal
cells
![Page 53: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
3. Cell Locomotion3. Cell Locomotiona.Cilia:
- short fibers, usually in large number
b.Flagella:- long fibers, usually single or pairs
![Page 54: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
III. Cellular TransportIII. Cellular Transport- molecules constantly
enter and leave the cell
![Page 55: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
A. DiffusionA. Diffusion- movement of molecules from
high concentration to low conc.
- until dynamic equilibrium reached
- requires no cell energy (passive)
![Page 56: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
B.B. Osmosis:Osmosis:B.B. Osmosis:Osmosis:- diffusion of water through a
selectively permeable membrane
![Page 57: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
C. Effects of OsmosisC. Effects of Osmosis1.1. Isotonic SolutionIsotonic Solution
- concentration of solutes the same on inside and
outside of cell
![Page 58: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
2. Hypotonic Solution2. Hypotonic Solution- solution outside of cell
contains a lower conc. of solutes than the cell (more water)
![Page 59: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
a)a) Turgor pressure:Turgor pressure:a)a) Turgor pressure:Turgor pressure:- pressure inside plant cells
![Page 60: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Leaves and Onion Epidermis
Leaves and Onion Epidermis
a)a) Turgor pressure:Turgor pressure:a)a) Turgor pressure:Turgor pressure:
![Page 61: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Plant Movements from Osmosis
Plant Movements from Osmosis
a)a) Turgor pressure:Turgor pressure:a)a) Turgor pressure:Turgor pressure:
![Page 62: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
b) Cytolysis:b) Cytolysis:b) Cytolysis:b) Cytolysis:- bursting of cells due to
increased osmotic pressure
![Page 63: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
c) Contractile Vacuoles:
c) Contractile Vacuoles:
- “pump” water out of cells of paramecium, ameba, etc. living in a hypotonic
solution
ParameciumParamecium
![Page 64: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
3.Hypertonic Solution
3.Hypertonic Solution- solution outside of cell
contains a higher conc. of solutes than the cell (less water)
![Page 65: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
a) Plasmolysis:a) Plasmolysis:a) Plasmolysis:a) Plasmolysis:- loss of cytoplasm
(shrinking of the cell)
![Page 66: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
b) Wilting:b) Wilting:b) Wilting:b) Wilting:- loss of turgor in plant cells
![Page 67: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
D.Passive vs. Active Transport
D.Passive vs. Active Transport
1.Passive Transport:- requires no energya) Diffusion and Osmosis
![Page 68: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
b) Facilitated b) Facilitated Diffusion:Diffusion:
b) Facilitated b) Facilitated Diffusion:Diffusion:- transport proteins in
membrane move sugar, amino acids, etc.
- follows concentration gradient
![Page 69: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
b) Facilitated b) Facilitated Diffusion:Diffusion:
b) Facilitated b) Facilitated Diffusion:Diffusion:
![Page 70: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
2.2.Active Transport:Active Transport:2.2.Active Transport:Active Transport:- requires cell energy
a)a)Carrier proteinsCarrier proteins transport molecules from low. conc. to high conc. using cell energy
![Page 71: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Active Active Transport:Transport:
Active Active Transport:Transport:
![Page 72: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
b)b) Endocytosis:Endocytosis:b)b) Endocytosis:Endocytosis:
![Page 73: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
b)b) Endocytosis:Endocytosis:b)b) Endocytosis:Endocytosis:- movement of large amounts of
material into a cell by engulfing and enclosing within a membrane
- forms a vacuole within cell
![Page 74: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
b)b)Endocytosis:Endocytosis:b)b)Endocytosis:Endocytosis:
AmebaAmeba
![Page 75: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
c)c) Exocytosis:Exocytosis:c)c) Exocytosis:Exocytosis:
![Page 76: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
c)c) Exocytosis:Exocytosis:c)c) Exocytosis:Exocytosis:- expelling large amounts of
material from the cell
![Page 77: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
c)c) Exocytosis:Exocytosis:c)c) Exocytosis:Exocytosis:
Paramecium
Paramecium
![Page 78: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
The
End
The
End
![Page 79: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Elodea Leaf CellsElodea Leaf Cells
![Page 80: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Tomato CellsTomato Cells
![Page 81: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Potato CellsPotato Cells
![Page 82: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Human Epithelial Cells
Human Epithelial Cells
![Page 83: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Onion Cells- Unstained (40x)
Onion Cells- Unstained (40x)
![Page 84: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Onion Cells- Stained (40x)Onion Cells- Stained (40x)
![Page 85: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Bacteria CellsBacteria Cells
CoccuCoccuss
BacilluBacilluss
SpirilluSpirillumm
![Page 86: Diff Biology Ch. 7 A View of the Cell. CH. 7 A View of the Cell A.History -before 1600 ’s - fiber/tissue thought to be the basic unit of life -spontaneous](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649de45503460f94adb734/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Von Leeuwenhoek (1675)- first to see live cells
Von Leeuwenhoek (1675)- first to see live cells