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DIET MODIFIED IN COMPOSITION Precious U. Imam, RN

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DIET MODIFIED IN COMPOSITIONPrecious U. Imam, RN

LOW CALORIE DIETf Calorie restriction, or caloric restriction (CR) f dietary regimen that restricts calorie intake, where the baseline for the

restriction variesf People who are interested in going on a very low-calorie diet (VLCD)

should first consult a physician.f A very low-calorie diet is any diet plan that allows 800 calories or less

in a day; and the diet is overseen by a physician.f The length of such a diet is relatively short, usually between 3 and 6

months. Any longer and serious health complications may arise.

LOW-CALORIE DIETS AND VERY LOW-CALORIE DIETSf As you can see, a VLCD is different from what a person might casually

call a "low-calorie diet," which would commonly consist of 1500 to 1800 calories per day.f If you're interested in something less aggressive, there are plenty of diet

plans that will allow for more moderate calorie restriction.

HIGH CALORIE DIETf one furnishing more calories than needed to maintain

weight, often more than 35004000 calories per day. f A diet containing more than 4,000 calories per day. f Some medical conditions require a high-calorie diet to help maintain or promote weight gain. f People with liver disease are at risk of malnutrition due to poor intake and altered nutrient metabolism.

fTo meet their needs, most people with liver

disease should increase the amount of calories they eat each day. f People with Huntington's Disease have higher calorie needs because of their constant fidgeting which increases their metabolic rate.

fCancer patients tend to have higher calorie

needs because of a poor appetite related to treatment. fEating more calorie-dense foods, such as whole milk, cheese and nuts, can help you increase your calorie intake when you have a poor appetite.

fSevere Burns fUnderweight fCompetitive Athletics

HIGH-PROTEIN DIETfa diet that contains large amounts of protein,

consisting largely of meats, fish, milk, legumes, and nuts. fIt may be indicated in protein depletion that results from any cause, as a preoperative preparation, or for patients with severe burns and sepsis. fIt may be contraindicated in liver failure or when kidney function is so impaired that added protein could result in azotemia and acidosis.

LOW-PROTEIN DIETfis any diet in which the protein intake is

reduced. Anyone diagnosed with kidney or liver disease may be prescribed a lowprotein diet. fIn any case, a diet which is especially low in protein should only be undertaken under medical direction.

fReduce amount of proteinfSome of each type of protein should still be

consumed each day from the two main sources: fAnimal products (fish, poultry, eggs, meat, dairy products) considered high quality or complete protein. fVegetable products (breads, cereals, rice, pasta, dried beans) considered low quality or incomplete protein.

LOW FAT DIETfAccording to the USDA, a low-fat diet as the

name implies is a diet that consists of little fat, especially saturated fat andcholesterol, which is thought to lead to increased blood cholesterol levels and heart attack. fIt is important to know that dietary fat is needed for good health, as fats supply energy and fatty acids, in addition to supplying fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E, and K

LOW CARBOHYDRATESf dietary programs that restrict carbohydrate consumption

usually for weight control or for the treatment of obesity. f Foods high in digestible carbohydrates (e.g. bread, pasta) are limited or replaced with foods containing a higher percentage of proteins and fats (e.g., meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, cheese, nuts, seeds, peanuts, and soy products) and other foods low in carbohydrates (e.g., most salad vegetables) although other vegetables and fruits (especially berries) are often allowed. f The amount allowed of these foods varies with different lowcarbohydrate diets.

fSuch diets are sometimes ketogenic (i.e. they

restrict carbohydrate intake sufficiently to cause ketosis) for example, the induction phase of the Atkins diet. f Some sources, though, consider less restrictive variants to be low-carbohydrate as well.

fApart from obesity, low-carbohydrate diets

are often used as treatments for some other conditions, most notably diabetes and epilepsy, but also for chronic fatigue syndrome (see ketosis) and polycystic ovarian syndrome

A LOW SODIUM DIETfis a diet that includes no more than 1,500 to 2,400

mgs of sodium per day.(One teaspoon of salt has about 2,300 mg sodium.)

fPeople who follow a vigorous or

moderate exercise schedule are usually advised to limit their sodium intake to 3,000 mg per day and those with moderate to severe heart failure are usually advised to limit their sodium intake to 2,000 mg per day.

fThe human requirement for sodium in the diet is

about 69 mg per day, which is typically less than one-tenth as much as many diets "seasoned to taste". fFor certain people with salt-sensitive blood pressure, this extra intake may cause a negative effect on health.

LOW POTASSIUM DIETfPotassium is a mineral that assists in

maintaining normal blood pressure and proper contraction of the heart. fThe nervous system, digestive system, muscles and heart are kept healthy. fIt is found in whole grains, vegetables, milk, fruits, peas and dried beans.

f Need of a low potassium diet

If an individual has kidney problems, excess potassium can accumulate up to dangerous levels in the blood. This causes irregular heartbeats, confusion or a heart attack. In this case, a low potassium diet is recommended. If the diet contains less than 2000 mg of potassium per day, then it is called as a "low potassium diet".

f Low potassium foods

1 serving of the following can be considered to be low potassium food. 1 serving implies cup. More than 1 serving of the following can make it high potassium food.

fGeneral foodsBread (bread products)fCake angel, yellow fCoffee ( maximum 8 ounces) fCookies (without nuts or chocolate) fNoodles fPasta fPies (without chocolate or high-potassium foods) fRice fTea (maximum 16 ounces)

LOW PURINE DIETfA low-purine diet is an eating plan that limits foods

that contain purine. Purines are a natural substance found in some foods. fWhen your body digests purine, a waste product called uric (say: yur-ick) acid is produced. fA buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints can cause a type of arthritis known as gout.

fPurines are found in many healthy foods. The

purpose of a low-purine diet is not to completely avoid purines. fInstead, the goals are to limit and monitor how much purine is in the food you eat, and to learn how your body responds when you eat different foods that contain purine.

Avoid Beer Soft drinks that contain sugar Fatty food

Limit Chicken, beef, pork and duck Crab, lobster, oysters and shrimp Lunch meats, especially highfat versions

Enjoy At least 12 cups of fluid, such as water or fruit juice Low-fat and fat-free dairy products, such as cheese and yogurt Eggs (in moderation) Peanut butter and nuts Rice, noodles, pasta and potatoes Fruits

Organ meats, such as liver, Liquor from any animal source Bacon, veal and venison Yeast Anchovies, sardines, herring, mussels, codfish, scallops, trout and haddock Gravy

Vegetables

Beans Wine (in moderation) Coffee (in moderation)

THANK YOU!