diet faddism
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Diet FaddismAbhishek Achar, OMS III
What is a Fad Diet?
Characteristics Short Term Weight Loss
No Long Term Goals
Temporary Popularity
Shortcomings Closed to revision
Case Observations held as evidence
Scientifically unsound and dangerous
Manna Health Products
Made popular by
Celebrity
24hr News Networks
Individual Medical Endorsement
Confusion
Aggressive Marketing
Categories
Food Group Exaggeration/RestrictionSome suggested as treatment for disease conditions.
Food EliminationElimination of foods seen as harmful or beneficial in low quantities.
Food LifestyleEmphasis on foods that promote a particular lifestyle.
SupplementationA pill is an easy fix.
Categories
Food Group Exaggeration/RestrictionSome suggested as treatment for disease conditions.
Fruitarianism
Blood Type Diet
Gluten-Free
Atkins
SupplementationA pill is an easy fix.
Hydroxycut
Metabolife
Food LifestyleEmphasis on foods that promote a particular lifestyle.
Low Carbohydrate
Paleolithic
South Beach Diet
Fit for Life
Food EliminationElimination of foods seen as harmful or beneficial in low quantities.
Liquid (Slim-Fast, Lemon Detox)
Atkins
Israeli Army Diet
5:2 Diet
Categories
Food Group Exaggeration/RestrictionSome suggested as treatment for disease conditions.
Fruitarianism
Blood Type Diet
Gluten-Free
Food Group Exaggeration/Restriction
Capitalizes on Individualism
Disease benefit
Religious beliefs
Severely affects critical Nutrients
Zinc, Iron, Calcium, etc.
VitaminsB12/Folate, D, C, etc
Amino acids
Multiple medical risks
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
Anemia
Growth and developmental issues
Social disruptions/ Isolations
Food Obsessions
Death
Food Group Exaggeration/RestrictionFruitarianism
Genesis 1:29 (NIV)
Then God said, “I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food.”
A subset of veganism
Fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds
Restricts animal products or grains.
Steve Jobs, Noted Fruitarian
Named company Apple while on the diet.
Delayed medical care for Pancreatic Cancer due to belief in herbal alternatives.
Aston Kutcher hospitalized attributed to diet while preparing for Jobs.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk
Categories
Food EliminationElimination of foods seen as harmful or beneficial in low quantities.
Liquid (Slim-Fast, Lemon Detox)
Atkins
HCG Diet
Israeli Army Diet
5:2 Diet
Food Elimination
Short term
Severe caloric restrictions
Sudden/Immediate weight loss
Participants will gain back weight when diet is stopped.
Food Elimination5:2 Diet
The Diet
Severe calorie restriction for 2 non-consecutive days
Men: <600 kcal
Women: <500 kcal
Normal eating on other 5 days.
In some studies, calorie restriction showed improvement in the longevity of rodents and non-human primates
The impact on humans is unknown.
http://www.amazon.com
Categories
SupplementationA pill is an easy fix.
Hydroxycut
Metabolife
Supplementation
Targets those pushing physical limits
Regularly involved in False advertising
Political Lobbying
Linked to Psychosis
MI, CVA
DKA
Ephedra banned in 2004 Common additive
Linked to 155 deaths
Showcase of poor regulation of dietary supplements in the US
http://www.wikipedia.com
Categories
Food LifestyleEmphasis on foods that promote a particular lifestyle.
Low Carbohydrate
Paleolithic
South Beach Diet
Fit for Life
Food Lifestyle
Loosely considered “Fad Diet” Popularity is cyclic, unlike most Fad Diets
Emphasizes dietary regiments along side lifestyle changes Low-Carb
Low-Fat
Naturally occurring foods
More effective for short-term weight loss Not for Health Maintenance
Food LifestyleLow Carbohydrate Diets
Decreased intake of simple carbohydrates
Very Low Carb: 0-60g
Low Carb: <60-130g
Targeted metabolic Ketosis for rapid
Glycogen breakdown
Fluid Loss
Fatty Acid breakdown
Ketogenic diet
Used for refractory, non-surgical epilepsy
Efficacy in children with specific epileptic conditions
60% showed >50% seizure reduction
30% showed >90% seizure reduction
Extreme caution in Diabetic Patients
Absolute contraindications
Carnitine Deficiency, Porphyria, Fatty Acid Oxidation Defects, Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency.
http://www.personaltrainerdublindbomb.wordpress.com
Losing Weight the Healthy Way
1. Eat Less! Consume no more than 22 kcal/kg of
body weight.
Make sure to eat a balanced diet.
Guide provided by FDA.
2. Exercise more! Recommendations range around at least
150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity
75 minutes of vigorous intensity activity per week
Both increase Intensity and Frequency reduce CV risk
Make sure to consult a doctor before starting a regiment.
3. Be Happy! Seriously. I’m not kidding…
http://www.cnpp.usda.gov
Information for patients
Always do your research when considering a new diet.
Evidence and research is typically limited when it comes to the effectiveness and safety of diets.
If you are considering a new diet or exercise regiment, consult your doctor first.
Not everyone can safely participate in any one particular diet.
All of the diets discussed are controversial.
Health Maintenance and Long Term Wellbeing are better achieved with lifestyle changes to diet and exercise and realistic goal modifications.
References
"Steve Jobs" by Walter Isaacson.
The Guardian http://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jan/28/ashton-kutcher-hospital-steve-jobs-diet
CBS News http://www.cbsnews.com/2102-500165_162-4036502.html
Ano Lobb (2009-04-14). "Hepatoxicity associated with weight-loss supplements: A case for better post-marketing surveillance". World J Gastroenterol 15 (14): 1786–7.
Death at the ballpark: a comprehensive study of game-related fatalities of ... By Robert M. Gorman, David Weeks. McFarland Press.
FDA.gov
UpToDate
Medscape