dictionary skills resource pack lecturer slides

8/4/2019 Dictionary Skills Resource Pack Lecturer Slides

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What this seminar will cover

1

Important factors to bear in mind when choosing a bilingual dictionary

How to use the dictionary navigation tools to get to the right answerquickly and efficiently

Abbreviations and symbols used in the dictionary

How the dictionary can help you with:

How the dictionary can help you with verbs:

Avoiding mistakes

Extra features

irregular plurals

gender case

tense, subject and object

transitive and intransitive verbs reflexive, impersonal, separable & phrasal verbs verb lists & verb complementation

Oxford University Press 2005

compound words

the position of adjectives idioms


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What any good dictionary should offer

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Range of vocabulary

Up-to-date vocabulary

Ease of use

Clarity of design

Clear entry structure

Large number of examples

Pointers towards the right translation

Help with forming sentences in German

Model letters, verb lists, and other helpful material And only with the Oxford-Duden German Dictionary a free

pronunciation CD-ROM that lets you type in any German word,phrase, or sentence and hear it spoken back so you can practisespeaking German for presentations or exams



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What your dictionary can help you with

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Shes been waiting since

three oclock for the train to London.

Sie wartet seit fnfzehn Uhr auf den Zug nach London.


finding wait forquickly at wait?

translation of sinceand the correcttense in German?

zu/nach?warning that for=

auf+ accusativein this context?

warning that the 24

hour clock is muchmore likely in German?


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Navigating the dictionary

4

German-English section first, then English-German

blue-edged section in the middle separates the two sides

printed thumb tabs on the outside margin of every page show

which letter appears on that page

running heads at the top of the page show the first and last

words on that page

NB: All this applies to the Oxford-Duden German Dictionary.

Other dictionaries may have different conventions.



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5

Navigating a German-English entry

Oxford University Press 2005 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4

nouns listed with genderswung dashrepresentsfirst element

dots andunderlines

indicate stressposition and

length of vowel

plural of nouns

older spellingsmarked with

asterisk

irregular verbs marked

genitive of nouns


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Navigating an English-German entry (I)

6 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4 Oxford University Press 2005

phonetic symbolsusing the IPA

noun translationswith gender

signposts to meaning in parentheses

headword, in bold

same spelling,different meaning

grammaticalcategories

indicatedby letters

senses indicatedby numbers

swung dash

representsheadword

guidance onregister and usage

freely interchangeable translations

are separated by a semi-colon


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Bier brauen

to brew beer

Navigating an English-German entry (II)

7 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4

der Tee zieht


brew: transitiveverb, intransitiveverb, or noun?

narrow the

meaning byusing context


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Common Grammatical Categories

8 Oxford University Press 2005

Adj. adjective describes a noun sad, traurig

Adv. adverb tells you how sth is done quickly,schnell

Art., art. article definite article = the

indefinite article = a

the, der, die, das

a, ein, eine, ein

Hilfsv. auxiliary verb used with main verb to showtense

I havemade

ich habe gemacht

Konj. conjunction links two phrases or two words and, und

Demonstrativpron. determiner defines which noun the, those, das, diese

n. noun thing, person or idea life,Leben

2. Part. past participle forms perfect tense with auxverb

I have travelled

ich bingereist

Prp. preposition used with noun to show position near, nahe

Pron., pron. pronoun stands instead of a noun he, er

Possessivpron. possessivepronoun

word used to show who sthbelongs to

my, mein

refl. reflexive verb verb requiring a reflexivepronoun

to wash oneself,sichwaschen


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Grammatical Categories Exercise


blau

gern

der

bin

aber

dieses

gestohlen

bei

ihr

sich denken

Art.

Adj.

Possessivpron.

unr. refl. V.

Prp.

Adv.

2. Part.

Demonstrativpron.

Hilfsverb

Konj.

Match these words with the correct part of speech


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Swung Dash (or Tilde) ~ and Hyphen -


The swung dash stands for the whole headword so the ending is added:

Frau, diewoman~enwomen

Koch-: ~schinken derboiled ham

In compounds the swung dash replaces the first word in the compound:

Subject Field Labels

(Zool.) = Zoological (Jgerspr.) = Jgersprache(i.e. to do with hunting)

Check the list of subject field labels in the abbreviationslist inside the front cover of the dictionary to see whetherit covers areas you are interested in


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Regional Usage


(Brit.) = British usage (sterr.) = Austrian usage

(Amer.) = American usage (schweiz.) = Swiss usage

(sdd.) =southern German (nordd.) =northern German

(schwb.) = Swabian, e.g. Stuttgart (hess) = Hessen, e.g. Frankfurt-am-Main

(DDR) = term used in former GDR

derb(crude, coarse)dichter. =dichterisch (poetical)fam. =familir(informal)fig.= figurativ(figurative)geh. =gehoben(elevated, refined)Kinderspr. = Kindersprache (used by smallchildren)Papierdt. = Papierdeutsch (stilted)

Grtelderbelt; den ~ enger schnallen (fig. ugs.)tighten ones belt(fig.)

salopp (slang)scherzh. =scherzhaft(humorous)sptt. =spttisch(derogatory)ugs. =umgangssprachlich(colloquial)veralt. =veraltet(old-fashioned)volkst. = volkstmlich (vernacular term)vulg. =vulgr (vulgar)

Register

figurative = metaphoricalrather than literal, e.g.


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Sentence patterns


jmd. (jemand Nominative) somebody

jmdn. (jemanden Accusative) somebody

jmdm. (jemandem Dative) somebody

jmds. (jemands Genitive) somebodyssb. somebody

etw. (etwas) something

sth. something

ask sb.s name nach jmds. Namen fragen

example sentences are given within entries to show whereprepositions are needed:

abbreviations are used to illustrate the order of elements in a sentence:


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Phonetics


= short vowel _= long vowel

/ = stress on 1st syllable

| = separable verb

dot shows that the word

erweise does not form partof betrblicherweise

stress pattern given, sostress on ge- of gehen

no stress pattern given, so stresson hin- of hinter as usual


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Irregular Plurals


Torverhltnis

Torverhltnisseplural form same

as plural adjective

lice

lice =Luse


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Gender


1 4

2 5

3

6


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Case


Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, or Dative? Read the examples:

jmdn.=jemanden use the Accusativejmdm. = jemandem use the Dative

dich shows the accusative is used here

I fell in love with my Julia =

Ich verliebte mich in meine Julia

I help my friends =Ich helfe meinen Freunden

ihm shows the dative is needed here


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The position of adjectives

Compound Words


Hinterziehung

hintereinanderHintergrund

hinterher

Hinterlegung

HinternHinterziehung

attr. = precedes a noun prd. = follows a verb


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Finding Idioms

Idioms


An idiom is a saying or expression whose meaning has evolvedso that it is now different from the original literal meaning of the

key words within it.

be out of the wood = ber den Berg sein

Ich muss zugeben,dass mein Brudermir manchmal auf

den Keks geht.


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Types of verbs:

Transitive and Intransitive

Reflexive

Separable

English phrasal verbs

Verb tables

Verb complementation

Other help with verbs:

Verb Basics



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Tense= present, future, past, conditional, imperfect etc.

Subject= the noun or pronoun that causes the action indicated bythe verb

Gertrude loves Eric = Gertrude liebt Eric The dog ate the meat = der Hundhat das Fleisch gefressen

Object= the word or group of words which is affected by the

action indicated by the verb

Gertrude loves Eric = Gertrude liebtEric

The dog ate the meat = der Hund hatdas Fleisch gefressen

Quick refresher on grammatical verb terms (I)



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Quick refresher on grammatical verb terms (II)


Direct object= the noun or pronoun directly affected by the verb

-Gertrude liebt Eric = Gertrude lovesEric-Gertrude liebt ihn = Gertrude loves him

-der Hund hat das Fleisch gefressen = The dog ate the meat

-der Hund hat es gefressen = The dog ate it

Indirect object= the noun or pronoun indirectly affected by the verb.In English, indirect objects are usually preceded by a preposition(from, to, at, etc.)

-Gertrude gabihrem Bruder das Buch=

Gertrude gave the bookto her brother

-Gertrude gabihm das Buch = Gertrude gave the bookto him

-Eric lchelt Gertrude an =Eric smiles atGertrude

-Eric lchelt sie an =Eric smiles at her


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Transitive and Intransitive Verbs (I)


Transitive verb = tr. V. (transitives Verb) = verb used with direct object

I wrote the letter = ich habe den Briefgeschrieben Gertrude loves Eric and Wilhelmina= Gertrude liebtEric und

Wilhelmina

she lovesthem =sie liebtsie

Intransitive verb = itr. V.(intransitives Verb) = verb that doesnt havean object

he died yesterday = er ist gestern gestorben she ran very fast =sie ist sehr schnell gelaufen

Eric and Wilhelmina arrived yesterday =Eric und Wilhelmina sindgestern angekommen

Transitive verbs do something to the object that follows them. Intransitive verbs stand on their own without an object following them.


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Transitive and Intransitive Verbs (II)


The same verb can be used both transitively and intransitively:

burn

burn coal in the stove = den Ofen mit Kohle feuern (transitive use)

her skin burns easily =sie bekommt leicht einen Sonnenbrand

(intransitive use)

fahren

links/rechts fahren = drive on the left/right(intransitive use)

jmdn. ber den Fluss fahren =ferry sb. across the river(transitive use)


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Transitive and Intransitive Verbs Exercise

24 Oxford University Press 2005 Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4

transitive(v.t.) and

intransitive(v.i.)

auseinander

treiben:Die

Polizei trieb

die Menge

auseinander.

sich

zerstreute:

Die Menge

zerstreute sich.


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Reflexive Verbs (I)


English-German: v. refl. = reflexive verb

German-English: refl. V. = reflexives Verb

German reflexive verbs can be identified by the pronoun sich in frontof the infinitive.

1st pers. sing. ich mich Ich freue mich auf...Im looking forward to...

2nd pers. sing. du dich Beeile dich!Hurry up!

3rd pers. sing. er / sie / es sich Sie setzte sich. She sat down.

1st pers. pl. wir uns Wann treffen wir uns?When shall we meet?

2nd pers. pl. ihr euch Beeilt euch!Hurry up!

3rd pers. pl. sie / Sie sich Sie legen sich hin.Theyre having a rest.

Versetzen Sie sich in meine Lage.Put yourself in my position.


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Reflexive Verbs (II)


Remember: just because a verb is reflexive in the source language, it doesnt

mean its reflexive in the target language. None of the examples in the table

on the previous slide were translated by a reflexive verb in English.

You may have to adapt the given translation, changing sich to mich, dich etc.

Many verbs can be used both reflexively andnot reflexively:

- I really enjoyed myself. (enjoy is used here as a reflexive verb)

- I really enjoyed that party. (here, enjoy is not a reflexive verb in English)

make fun of sb.

Ich mache mich ber ihn lustig

A similar pattern of dative pronouns is used with verbs which have a direct object:

ich wasche mich but ich wasche mir die Haare zieh dich an! but zieh dir die Jacke an!

sich ber jmdn. lustig machen

I make fun of him


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Impersonal Usage of a Verb


Impersonal usage of a German verb is marked unpers. Impersonal usage of an English verb is marked impers.

When used impersonally, verbs take the impersonal pronoun es in German

and it in English:

es regnet = it is raininges schneit = it is snowing

es fehlt an Lehrern = there is a lack of teachers

es gibt ein Problem = there is a problem

es gibt Probleme = there are problems

A few German verbs hardly ever occur without the impersonal es:

hapern: es hapert an etw. (Dat.) = there is a shortage of sth.


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Phrasal verbs are at the end of the entry, marked

verb + preposition or adverb e.g. run away

Other examples:give up, take off, let down

There are no phrasal verbs in German

Separable and Inseparable Verbs


Listed alphabetically according to the particle:

fingan under A: an|fangenbrachtehinunter under H: hinunter|bringen

kreuztedurch under D: durch|kreuzen

durchkreuzte under D: durch kreuzen

Phrasal verbs are at the end of the entry, markedEnglish Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs


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Verb Tables


Verbs are listed under their infinitive form.

Common forms of some irregular verbs are cross-referenced to theinfinitive:

German irregular verbs (marked unr. (unregelmig)) are listed ina section at the back of the dictionary, with the infinitive, preterite(with preterite subjunctive in parentheses) and past participle.

For compound verbs (e.g. herunterreien), look up the simpleverb in this case reien.

Look up a German verb to see whether you need sein.


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Verb Complementation


= the range of structures that can be used after any given verb

I want Matt to leave.

You wont find exactly this phrase in the dictionary,

but you will find a similar construction, e.g.:

I dont want you to get the idea

ich mchte nicht, dass Sie den Eindruck gewinnen

So the translation is:

Ich mchte, dass Matt weggeht.

Oxford Duden German Dictionary 3rd edition 0-19-860974-4


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Adapting Examples


Nouns: may have irregular plurals

may require modifications to definite and indefinite articles or

possessive adjectives (e.g.meinmeineormeinen)

if you refer back to nouns in a following sentence, you need to use

the correct masculine, feminine or neuter pronoun

Verbs:

need to be in the correct form, unless the sentence uses the infinitive

need the appropriate reflexive pronoun, if they are reflexive(e.g. I had my hair cut =ich habe mir die Haare schneiden lassen)

need to use the right prepositions (e.g. send down to the store for

sth. = etw. aus dem Lager holen lassen)

Careful! Sometimes you may need to adapt a given translation:



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a German word has several meanings

you are unsure which German translation to choose

you dont know if the German word you know can

be used in a certain context

you want to check the genitive or plural form

Cross-checking in the other side of the dictionary helps when:

Cross-checking



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What else can a good dictionary offer you?


Correspondence letter, CV, andemail templates; useful phrases

when using the telephone, and anSMS glossary

Supplement on the Germanspelling reforms and outline ofbasic German grammar,irregular verb tables, glossaryof grammatical terms

Free pronunciation CD-ROM to helpyou practise your spoken German


Information about life and culture1 2 Thematic boxes explaininggrammatical points and giving

extra vocabulary, cross-referenced from the headword

3

4

5


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Important factors to bear in mind when choosing a bilingual dictionary

Navigating through an entry German-English, then English-German Explaining abbreviations and symbols:

How the dictionary can help you with:

Review (I)


common grammatical categories swung dash (or tilde) and hyphen subject field labels

regional labels register labels

sentence patterns phonetics

irregular plurals gender case compound words the position of adjectives

idioms


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Review (II)

Questions

A chance to discuss any ideas or points raised in the seminar

How the dictionary can help you with verbs:

tense, subject, and object

direct and indirect objects

transitive and intransitive

reflexive

impersonal

Avoiding mistakes:

adapting examples

cross-checking

Extra features

separable and inseparable

English phrasal verbs

verb tables

verb complementation

dictionary skills resource pack lecturer slides

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