diarrhea acute bacterial infections
TRANSCRIPT
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Diarrhea Acute BacterialInfections
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General Approach of Acute DiarrheaBacterial Infection
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Non-invasive infections
1. Stafilococcus aureus
Because of food poisoning caused stafilokokkus
intake of foods that contain toxinsstafilokokkus
on improper food preservation method
Staphylococcal enterotoxin is heat stable
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symptom
occurred within 1-6 hours after the intake ofcontaminated food.
Approximately 75% of patients experience nausea,
vomiting, and abdominal pain diarrhea as much as 68%.
Fever is rare.
Rare peripheral leukocytosis,
White blood cells are not present in the stool outwardappearance.
During a time of illness less than 24 hours
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2. Bacillus cereus
1. morphology
gram positive
cell width from 0.9 to 1.2 lm and a length of 3-5lm.
positive motility,
elipsoidal spores, central or paracentral,
spores are rarely out of the sporangia.
Not form a capsule, usually appears in the form of long-chain type R.
Colonies of irregular shape,
In a liquid medium to form moderate turbidity.
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2. Pathogenesis
Bacillus cereus is responsible for a small percentageof foodborne illnesses (2-5)
Cooking temperature is less than or equal to 100 C (212 F)
Cooked food is not meant to be worn alone orrapid cooling and refrigeration should be stored attemperatures above 60 C (140 F).
Germination and growth generally occursbetween 10-50 C (50-122 F)
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symptom
can be found at 1-6 hours after the intake ofcontaminated food,
during a time of illness less than 24 hours.
nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain,
often expire after 10 hours.
Symptoms of diarrhea occur in 8-16 hours afterintake of food contaminated with symptoms ofwatery diarrhea and abdominal cramps.
Nausea and vomiting are rare.
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Clostridium perfringens
morphology
bacteria gram positive rods,
anaerobes,
form spores.
These bacteria often cause food poisoning
caused by enterotoxin and usually resolves onits own
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symptom
takes place after 8-24 hours after intake of meatproducts contaminated,
watery diarrhea
epigastric pain,
followed by nausea, and vomiting.
Fever is rare
These symptoms will expire within 24 hours.
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Vibrio cholerae
morphology
gram-negative rod bacteria,
comma-shaped
causes severe diarrhea that causes dehydration
death can occur after 3-4 hours in patients who arenot treated.
Cholera toxin can affect fluid transport in the small
intestine by increasing cAMP, secretion, and inhibitsfluid absorption.
The spread of cholera from contaminated food andwater
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symptom
abdominal distension and vomiting,
severe diarrhea such as rice water diarrhea
Patient's blood volume and electrolytedeficiencies.
Low-grade fever may occur.
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Escherichia coli
morphology
E. Coli gram negative rods
Cell size with a length of 2.0 to 6.0 lm and a width of
1.1 to 1.5 lm.
Shape of the cells to form a shape like coocal alongfilamentous size.
Not found spores
There can be a single cell, in pairs, and in short chains, usually not encapsulated.
This bacterium can also aerobic aerobic and facultative.
is a normal inhabitant of the intestine, often causinginfection.
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E. Coli Enteropatogenik(EPEC)
Important cause of diarrhea in infants, especially indeveloping countries.
EPEC attached to the mucosa of the small cells.
Result of EPEC infection is watery diarrhea which usually
resolves itself but can also be chronic. EPEC diarrhea duration can be shortened by giving
anibiotik.
Diarrhea in humans, rabbits, dogs, cats and horses.
Such as ETEC, EPEC also causes diarrhea, but themolecular mechanisms of colonization and aetiology aredifferent. EPEC little fimbria, ST and LT toxins, but usingthe EPEC adhesin known as intimin to bind host intestinalcells. EPEC cells invasive (if entering host cells) and cause
inflammation.
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E. Coli Enterotoksigenik(ETEC
Frequent cause of "traveler's diarrhea" and a veryimportant cause of diarrhea in infants indeveloping countries.
ETEC colonization factors specific to inflict ETECadhesion in epithelial cells of the small intestine.
Terengang intestinal lumen by fluid and causehipermortilitas and diarrhea, and lasts for severaldays.
ETEC strains produce some eksotosin not stand theheat.
Diarrhea without fever occurs in humans, pigs,sheep, goats, horses, dogs, and cattle.
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E. Coli Enterohemoragik(EHEC)
Menghasilkan verotoksin, dinamai sesuai efeksitotoksinya pada sel Vero,
Sel vero suatu sel hijau dari monyet hijau Afrika.
Terdapat sedikitnya dua bentuk antigenic dari
toksin. EHEC berhubungan dengan holitis hemoragik,
bentuk diare yang berat dan dengan sindromauremia hemolitik, suatu penyakit akibat gagal ginjaakut, anemia hemolitik mikroangiopatik, dantrombositopenia. Banyak kasus EHEC dapatdicegah dengan memasak daging sampai matang.
Diare ini ditemukan pada manusia, sapi, dankambing.
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ColiEnteroinvansif (EIEC)
Cause a disease very similar to shigellosis.
Diseases common in children - children in the
State berkrmbang and tourists who head to thecountry.
EIEC ferment lactose slowly and not moving.
EIEC cause disease melaluii invasion of intestinal
mucosal epithelial cells. Diarrhea is found only in humans.
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E. ColiEnteroagregatif (EAEC)
Cause acute and chronic diarrhea in people in
developing countries. This bakery is characterized by distinctive
patterns of attachment in human cells.
EAEC menproduksi hemolysin and ST
enterotoxin similar to ETEC.
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Invasive infections
1. Shigellamorphology
Stem slender,
not encapsulated,
not moving,
not form spores,
gram negative.
form cocobasil
can occur in young cultures
facultative anaerobes but grow best aerobic.Colonies convex, rounded, transparent with intactedges reach a diameter of approximately 2mm in24 hours.
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symptoms
Early symptoms consist of fever, abdominalpain, and watery diarrhea without blood,
bloody stool after 3-5 days later. The average duration of symptoms in adults is
7 days,
in more severe cases persist for 3-4 weeks.
Shigellosis can resemble chronic ulcerativecolitis, chronic and career status may occur
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Another bacterium that causes diarrhea with invasiveinfections
Salmonella nontyphoid
Salmonella typhi
Campylobakter
Vibrio non-kolera
Yersinia
Enterohemoragik E Coli(Subtipe 0157)
Aeromonas
Plesiomonas