Dianne E. Godar, PhD

FDA employee for 20 years

Speaking as a public citizen

The scientific opinions presented herein are not necessarily the same as those of the FDA’s.

6 out of 20 epidemiologic studies showed a positive association between “ever use” tanning lamps with melanoma.

Their melanoma data from the SEER data base ONLY dates back to ~1975 (right after release of first Tanning Lamps)

Tanning Lamp and RR for Melanoma

All Epidemiological studies in IARC report +1

6 Decreased Risk& 1 Neutral (0.73-1.00)Osterlind (Den; 0.73), Zanetti (Italy; 0.9), Holly (USA;

0.94), Bataille (UK etc; 0.90), Autier (Belg, Fran, Germ; 0.97), Naldi (Italy; 0.78), Kaskel (Germ; 1.00)

7 Weak Correlation (1.1-1.3)Westerdahl (Swed; 1.3 & 1.2), Holman (Aus; 1.1),

Chen (USA, 1.13), MacKie (UK; 1.25), Dunn-Lane (UK; 1.16), Bataille (UK; 1.19)

6 Positive (1.5-2.94)Veierød (Norw/Swed;1.55), Swedlow (UK; 2.94), Adam

(UK; 2.93), Walter (Canada; 1.54), Garbe (Germ; 1.5), Ting (USA; 1.64)

After Tanning Lamps Released

1

10

100

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Ag

e-A

dju

ste

d I

nc

ide

nc

e/1

00

K

ST

D 2

00

0 p

op

ula

ito

n

Tanning Lamps had NO Effect

Incidence Melanoma 1940-2005

UVBUVA&UVB

(2009) Godar DE, Landry RJ, Lucas AD. Med Hypotheses.;72(4):434-43.

>30 yr before Tanning

>30 yr after Tanning

Bonnie = Indoor work

Clyde = Glass Windows

Together they rob our Skin of Vitamin D3

Glass Windows

0.000001

0.000010

0.000100

0.001000

0.010000

0.100000

1.000000

280 300 320 340 360 380 400

Wavelength (nm)

Frac

tion

or W

/m2.n

m

Outdoor UVRFraction Window TransmssionIndoor UVA

Sun

Glass

UVB

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

280 300 320 340 360 380 400

UV (nm)

Rel

ativ

e B

iolo

gic

Effe

ct UVA (>320 nm)

Breaks Down

Vitamin D3

MacLaughlin JA, Anderson RR, Holick MF Science. 1982;216(4549):1001-3.

Webb AR, DeCosta BR, Holick MF.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989;68(5):882-7.

Rel

ativ

e B

iolo

gic

Eff

ect

Vitamin D3

UVB

“The American Cancer Society estimates that this

year, 111,900 Americans will be stricken with melanoma, which is associated with excessive ultra-violet exposure.”

Is the increasing incidence of melanoma dependent on

excessive UV exposures as claimed by the

American Cancer society?

Outdoor workers ~SAME incidence Melanoma as Indoor workers [1-4]

[1] .Beral V, Robinson N. (1981) The relationship of malignant melanoma, basal and

squamous skin cancers to indoor and outdoor work. Br J Cancer. 44:886-91.[2] Elwood JM, Jopson J. (1997) Melanoma and sun exposure: an overview of published

studies. Int J Cancer.73(2):198-203. Review.[3] Vagero D, Ringback G, Kiveranta H. (1986) Br J Cancer 53:507-512.[4] Kennedy C, Bajdik CD, Willemze R, De Gruijl FR, Bouwes Bavinck JN. (2003) J Invest Dermatol

120: 1087-1093.

Outdoor workers get 3-10 times UV dose as indoor workers.[5-7]

*[5] Godar DE. UV Doses Worldwide. Photochem Photobiol 2005; 81:736-749. [6] Thieden E, Philipsen PA, Heydenreich J, Wulf HC. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:197-203. [7] Slaper H. 1987 Chapter 2, pp. 24-48, Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Utrecht.

WHY?

Melanoma Paradox

Sun Mon Tues Weds Thurs Fri Sat

Summer -------------Work Year -----------Vacation

Indoor Workers

Outdoor WorkersV

itam

in D

3 in

Liv

ing

Ski

n

0

500

1000

1500

Summer Fall Winter Spring

Vit

am

in D 3

(IU

)/d

ay

0-5 female0-5 male 6-12 female 6-12 male 13-19 female 13-19 male0-5 female0-5 male 6-12 female 6-12 male 13-19 female 13-19 male

[1] Godar DE. 2001. UV Doses of American Children and Adolescents. Photochemistry Photobiology 74:787-793.[2] Pope SJ, Holick MF, Mackin S, Godar DE (2008) ASCF Photochem Photobiol. 8:1277-83. [3] Pope SJ, Godar DE (2010) Solar UV Geometric Conversion Factors: Horizontal plane to cylinder model.Photochem Photobiol. Jan 6. [Epub ahead of print]

Seifert M, Diesel B, Meese E, Tilgen W, Reichrath J. Expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase in malignant melanoma: implications for growth control via local synthesis of 1,25(OH)D and detection of multiple splice variants. Exp Dermatol 2005;14:153-154.

Melanoma cells make Calcitriol from Vitamin D3

(1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3)

In Vivo [1] Chida K, Hashiba H, Fukushima M, Suda T, Kuroki T. Inhibition of tumor promotion in mouse skin by 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Cancer Res 1985;45:5426-5430.[2] Eisman JA, Barkla DH, Tutton PJ. Suppression of in vivo growth of human cancer solid tumor xenografts by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Cancer Res 1987;47:21-25.[3] Frampton RJ, Omond SA, Eisman JA. Inhibition of human cancer growth by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 metabolites. Cancer Res 1983;43:4443-4447.

In Vitro [1] Danielsson C, Fehsel K, Polly P, Carlberg C. Differential apoptotic response of human melanoma cells to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogues. Cell Death Different 1998;5:946-951. [2] Evans SR, Houghton AM, Schumaker L, Brenner RV, Buras RR, Davoodi F, Shabahang M. Vitamin D receptor and growth inhibition by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human malignant melanoma cell lines. J Surg Res 1996;61:127-133.[3] Colston K, Colston MJ, Feldman D. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and malignant melanoma: the presence of receptors and inhibition of cell growth in culture. Endocrinol 1981;108: 1083-1086.

Vitamin D3 > Calcitriol > Suicide

Vitamin D3 “One way street” into Blood

Vitamin D3 binding protein only takes vitamin D3 from skin into blood and returns to skin “unarmed” to pick up more vitamin D3Thus, taking vitamin D3 orally does not put high enough concentrations into the skin where it is needed to kill melanoma cells