diamonds
TRANSCRIPT
Diamonds
“diamond” from the Ancient Greek term “adamas”, which means indestructible
and unconquerable.
History► Diamonds were mined in India around 800 BC
► Diamonds were not mined when they were first found. They were found along rivers.
► In 1456 Louis de Bergueur discovered how to cut facets of a diamond.
► Until the 18th century India was the only known source for diamonds.
► Now diamonds are exported mostly from South Africa by a company called the De Beers.
Diamond Physical Properties► Hardness: Hardest gemstone known to man
► Clarity: Diamonds are transparent over a larger range of wavelengths
► Thermal Conductivity: Diamonds conduct heat better than anything else
► Melting Point: Diamond has the highest melting point (3820 degrees Kelvin)
► Lattice Density: The atoms of Diamonds in a tighter formation than any other substance.
Natural Diamonds
► they are formed deep inside the earth's interior (high pressure and heat create the diamond crystal lattice)
► through the eruptions they were transported to the
earth's surface.
► the eruptions were so fast and so powerful that the diamonds were brought straight to the surface.
Synthetic Diamonds
► they were first produced in 1953 in Sweden
► they have been made by a process called High Pressure High Temperature synthesis (HPHT)
► at this process graphite is put into a huge hydraulic press at high temperatures and pressures, and with the addition of a metallic catalyst, converts to diamond over a period of a few hours.
► the diamond crystals that are produced by this method are useful as hard-wearing edges on cutting tools.
Diamonds► Structure: carbon ► Constitution: cubic system► Colour: colourless, yellow, brown, green, blue, black ► Cut: white ► Hardness: 10 ► Density: 3,5 ► Other characters: the most adamant matter► Finding place: South Africa, Russia, Brasil► Availability: jewellery, hard-wearing edges on cutting
tools
Structure of Diamonds
► Diamond is carbon in its most concentrated form.
► Except for trace impurities like boron and nitrogen, diamond is composed solely of carbon.
Carbon
► Classification: non-metallic ► Symbol: C (lat. Carboneum)
► Atomic number: 6
► Group number: 14
► Atomic weight: 12.0107 ► Electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p2
► Electrons per shell: 2, 4
Structure of diamond
The carbon atom is connected to 4 other carbon atoms by strong chemical bonds, creating diamond's rigid crystal structure.
Shapes of crystals
► octahedron ► cubo-octahedron (a combined form)► dodecahedron ► macle twin ► cube
The biggest synthetic diamond has 10 carat.
Famous cuts of Diamonds
round cut radiant cut princess cut
Diamond has an aversion to water
The Mohs scale of mineral hardness
1 Talc 2 Gypsum3 Calcite 4 Fluorite5 Apatite6 Orthoclase7 Quartz8 Topaz 9 Corundum10 Diamond
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