diagnostic imaging training course catalog · 2007 catalog diagnostic imaging training course state...

2 0 0 7C A T A L O GDiagnostic Imaging Training Course

State of Ohio Reg. No. 93-09-1377T

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State of Ohio Registration. No: 93-09-1377T

The RSTI Training Labs ................................................ 3

Training Programs Overviews .................................. 4

X-Ray Certificate SeriesPrinciples of Servicing Diagnostic X-Ray Systems (Phase I) ..................... 5

Advanced Radiographic System Maintenance (Phase II) ......................... 7

Advanced Fluoroscopic System Maintenance (Phase III) ........................ 9

Advanced Diagnostic Imaging System Analysis (Phase IV) .................... 11

Computer Networking andDigital Information ManagementFilmless Integration: PACS, Networking, DICOM,MCSE Preparation (Phase V) ................................................................. 13

ON-SITE PHASE V (One Week) ............................................................ 15

Fundamentals of Networking .............................................................. 16

3-Day DICOM ........................................................................................ 18

X-Ray Family Training CoursesServicing the GE MPX/SPX and MVP .................................................... 20

Servicing the Philips Family of Generators:CP/Super CP 50/100, Classic 850/1050, Medio, Maximus .................. 21

Advanced Specialty ProductsSystems MaintenanceProduct Specific Courses (outlines available on request) ..................... 22

G.E. AMX 4 Portable X-Ray Controls ................................................... 23

G.E. Advantx R/F System ...................................................................... 24

MammographyACR Accreditation for Mammography andServicing the Lorad M-IV and M-IV Platinum ..................................... 26

ACR Accreditation and Servicing the Lorad M-IV Platinum,GE DMR, Siemens Mammomat 3000 .................................................. 28

USSC/Lorad Abbi Table ........................................................................ 30

Lorad Affinity ......................................................................................... 31

Radiological Service Training Institute (RSTI)30745 Solon Road · Solon, Ohio 44139Phone: 440/349-4700 · Fax: 440/349-2053 · E-Mail: [email protected]: www.rsti-training.com

Ohio State Registration No. 93-09-1377T© All material in this catalog is copyright 2006, Radiological Service Training Institute (RSTI).

Radiology Management SeriesStarting and Managing a Diagnostic ImagingCapital Asset Management Program .................................................... 32

Networking, DICOM and PACS for Capital Asset Managers .............. 34

UltrasoundServicing Diagnostic Ultrasound:Acuson Sequoia, HP 5500, and ATL HDI 5000 ................................... 36

Cardiac CatheterizationPhilips Integris Digital R/F Cath Lab System ...................................... 37

Servicing the Philips CP Family of Generators: Super CP, OptimusCP, OM2000 ........................................................................................... 38

CRES PreparationCRES Review (Self-Study Modules) ..................................................... 39

Computed Tomography Development SeriesOverview ................................................................................................. 40

Principles of Servicing Computed Tomography Systems (Level I) ........ 41

Advanced Computed Tomography Systems Maintenance (Level II) ..... 43

Advanced Computed Tomography Imaging Maintenance (Level III) .... 44

MRIPrinciples of Servicing Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems ........... 45

Portable C-ArmsOEC 9600/9800 Multi-Product C-Arm Training .................................. 47

Laser PrintersMulti-Vendor Laser Printers (Agfa, Fuji, Kodak, Konica) .................. 49

Computed Radiography (CR)Kodak 800/900 CR Systems ................................................................... 49

TABLE OF CONTENTS


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The RSTI training facility has acomplete complement ofclassrooms and labs. Includedare a CT scanner, R/FX-ray rooms, radiographic

rooms, tomography rooms, diagnosticultrasound systems, nuclear medicinesystems, and cardiac catheterization labs.Additional systems such as MRI andtherapy are made available through RSTI’saffiliation with local hospitals andindustries.

RSTI’s instructional staff consists ofprofessional curriculum design expertswho have instructed for various majormedical equipment manufacturers. Eachis technically versed on many majormanufacturers’ products, state-of-the-artinstructional technology, and curricu-lum design. We believe we have themost qualified and versatile staff in theindustry today.

We at RSTI are sensitive to systemperformance, and we possess a senseof urgency at all levels of the trainingprocess. Our program offerings aredesigned to provide today’s serviceprofessional with the skills and technicaladvances for peak clinical performance.And through our follow-up programs wecan ensure that our curriculumcontinually meets the needs of today’simage modalities. Our commitment toyou is strong, and we’re working hard to

meet the challenge of enhancing systemperformance by providing the finestdiagnostic service training in ourindustry.

At RSTI, our future is your future. Yourfuture depends on quality education in arapidly growing technological field. Ourprograms in R/F, Vascular Imaging, CT,Ultrasound, Nuclear, and MRI servicetraining can provide manufacturers,distributors, hospital groups, serviceorganizations, and service professionalswith alternatives to solving their trainingrequirements. At RSTI we offer:

• Capital equipment asset manage-ment programs

• Training programs for veterans andnewly hired service professionals

• Seminars and conferences

• Custom designed in-house training

• Formal classroom programs

• Service professional certificationprograms

• Technical and administrativeconsulting services

Our training programs are customdesigned to meet your service needs.We offer programs for entry level,intermediate, and advanced servicepersonnel. These programs includeboth conceptual and specific product

The Radiological ServiceTraining Institute (RSTI) isdedicated to providing thefinest quality training in thediagnostic imaging industry.Since its founding in 1984,RSTI has provided technicaltraining for thousands ofin-house hospital, sharedservice, government,independent, and majorOEM service personnel. Ourprograms in R/F, vascularimaging, computedtomography, ultra-sound,nuclear, and MRI servicetraining will provide youwith the continuingeducation required tokeep up with the rapidlyexpanding medicaltechnology found in today’ssophisticated diagnosticimaging systems.

training. All theory and lab exercises arebased on practical service applications.Each program has been designed usinga systematic approach and contains afull complement of quizzes, final exams,and other performance criteria.

RSTI was the first diagnostic imagingservice training institute to be registered bythe State of Ohio as a proprietary school.Our commitment to providing the medicalimaging industry with the finest trainingavailable is evidenced by our Diploma andCertificate Programs, which are recognizedby the State of Ohio.

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• State-of-the-ArtEquipment

• Dedicated for Hands-On Training

• In-Depth Labs

• Specialized TestEquipment

• Four-to-One Equip-ment Ratio

• Comprehensive LabManuals

• Dedicated LabInstructors

TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT OUR TRAINING LABS


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TRAINING PROGRAMSOVERVIEWS

All our comprehensive training pro-grams provide the quality trainingdemanded by the industry. Trainingprograms are conducted at our facilityin Solon, Ohio or at major medicalinstitutions throughout the country. Inaddition to a specially designed manualand course handouts, all participantswill also receive where appropriate:

• Document package of each lecture

• Flow diagrams

• Troubleshooting charts

• CDRH compliance information

• Performance evaluation forms

• Certificate of completion

X-Ray Certificate SeriesRSTI provides the only independent,comprehensive radiographic/fluoro-scopic hands-on X-ray training programsin the industry. These programs areconducted at our facility in Solon, Ohioor at major medical centers throughoutthe country. They provide an excellentopportunity for service organizationsand hospital personnel to develop theirservice staff in the diagnostic X-ray field.From the biomedical equipmentspecialist who require entry leveltraining, to the seasoned X-ray servicespecialist who requires on-goingtraining, these programs will best meetyour needs. The programs are dividedinto four modules, from basic X-rayservicing to advanced microprocessorcontrolled equipment maintenance andimaging technology. All modules includelecture, testing, lab activities, andcertification from RSTI upon satisfactory

completion of appropriate examina-tions. In addition, continuing educationunits (CEUs) are awarded uponsatisfactory completion of each module.A complete course description isincluded in this catalog for each module.

The course offerings provide thebalance necessary in servicing 70%–80%of today’s radiographic and fluoroscopicimaging systems. Included are:

Principles of Servicing Diagnostic X-RaySystems (Phase I)

Advanced Radiographic SystemsMaintenance (Phase II)

Advanced Fluoroscopic SystemsMaintenance (Phase III)

Advanced Diagnostic Imaging SystemAnalysis (Phase IV)

Filmless Integration: PACS, Networking,DICOM, MCSE Preparation (Phase V)

Advanced Specialty Products SystemsMaintenance (product specific courses)

The first four course offerings aredesigned to provide the serviceprofessional with the cognitive skillsnecessary for an excellent foundation inthe maintenance of today’s diagnosticimaging systems. The Specialty ProductsCourses will provide the specificproduct training necessary to comple-ment the educational process and thusprovide the service professional withfull qualifications to service specificgenerators and/or imaging systems.

Each course participant will receivea specially designed documentationpackage which includes, whereappropriate:

• Class manual

• Lab manual

• Course handouts


• Microprocessor and computerinformation

• Troubleshooting charts and proce-dures

• Flow diagrams

• Block diagrams

• Logic diagrams

• CDRH testing procedures

We recommend that the new serviceprofessional attend the Phase I–IVmodules. Once qualified in the basics,students may attend the more advancedSpecialty Product courses in othermodalities such as nuclear medicine,ultrasound, CT, and MRI.

Each course is designed to assureproper entry level. Be sure to check thecourse descriptions for the prerequisitesfor each course.

And finally, the Computer Networkingand Digital Information Managementcourses are designed to providing thestate-of-the-art technology necessary forservicing today's filmless diagnosticimaging departments, and prepare thestudent to pass the MCSE certificationexams. Our industry is going filmless,and Imaging Service Professionalsgraduating from Phase V and our otherDICOM, PACS and Networking courseswill gain knowledge of PACS integration,R.I.S. and H.I.S. technology, networkstrategies and DICOM compatibility.

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Hands-On Training Course

Course Length: 2 WeeksCEUs Awarded: 8

IntroductionPrinciples of Servicing Diagnostic X-Ray Sys-tems is a skills development program thatteaches the new service professional the cog-nitive skills necessary to understand the X-ray system and its applications in the medicalcommunity. The program is divided into sixmajor learning units:• Introduction to radiography• Radiation safety• The production of X-rays• Formation of the X-ray image• Film and film processing• Introduction to imagingThe course contains lecture, demonstration,and hands-on training, which teach partici-pants proper operation, calibration, and pre-ventive maintenance of the X-ray system.Upon completion of the course, the studentwill be able to perform first level service onthe radiographic/fluoroscopic system.

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, the service profes-sional must have a two year associate degreein electronics or equivalent service experi-ence.

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this course, participantswill be able to:• Have a thorough understanding of X-rays

and X-ray production• Follow safety procedures for patients,

physicians and individuals• Describe the criteria for high quality

radiographs• Understand overtable radiographic,

fluoroscopic, and special proceduressystem operation

• Describe the parameters of film andprocessing

Course OutlineDAY 1

I. Introduction to radiographyA. X-rays: an overview

1. What they are2. How they are produced3. What they do

B. The radiographic system, anoverview

C. The radiograph, an overviewD. Factors that measure radiographic

quality1. Density2. Contrast3. Sharpness

E. Factors that affect radiographicquality

F. Operation of the overtable systemG. Operation of the undertable system

Lab ActivitiesI. Operate overtable and undertable

equipmentII. Take conventional and phototimed

radiographsIII. Perform experiments using factors that

affect image qualityIV. Process film and analyze results

DAY 2I. Introduction to radiography (cont’d)

A. Basic single purpose radiographicsystem1. Cine radiography2. Photo spot cameras3. High speed film changers4. Cassetteless radiography5. Tomography6. Mobile units7. C.T.

B. Radiographic studies1. Common non-contrast media2. Common contrast media3. Special radiographic studies

C. Introduction to troubleshooting theX-ray system1. Processor checkout2. Isolation of major areas

II. Radiation safety, principles andpracticesA. Radiation and its biological effects

1. Atom2. X-ray beam3. Compton effect

B. Radiation safety, working withradiation1. Rules governing working with

radiation2. Time, distance, and shielding3. Radiation protective devices

Lab ActivitiesI. Operate cine and photo spot cameras

II. Operate tomo and mobile unitsIII. Troubleshoot R/F system to sub-

assembly levelIV. Safety rules in working with radiation

DAY 3I. The production of X-rays

A. How X-rays are produced1. Where X-rays are produced2. How X-rays are controlled3. Bremmsstrahlung radiation theory

B. The X-ray tube1. X-ray tube construction2. Functions of basic elements3. Electrical and mechanical

requirements4. Proper usage5. Problems and cures6. Installation and evaluation

Lab ActivitiesI. Identify applications and types of X-ray

tubes

PRINCIPLES OF SERVICINGDIAGNOSTIC X-RAY SYSTEMSPHASE I)(


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PRINCIPLES OF SERVICING DIAGNOSTICX-RAY SYSTEMS (PHASE I) CONTINUED


II. X-ray tube evaluationA. Proper stator resistanceB. Filament continuityC. Direction of anode rotationD. Standby/max. filament using dummy

loadE. Anode speed using a reed tachom-

eterIII. Evaluate focal spot size using a lead starIV. Predict and observe instantaneous and

accumulated anode heatV. Identify common X-ray tube problems

VI. X-ray tube alignment

DAY 4I. The production of X-rays (continued)

A. H.V. cables and terminations1. Composition and conductors2. Federal terminations

B. H.V. transformers (single phase)1. Ratio2. Stick rectifiers3. R/F changeover4. Full wave/half wave rectification5. Circuit failure and cause

C. Generation of three phase1. Wye and delta2. Six and twelve-pulse generation3. Line-to-neutral versus line-to-line

voltage4. Relationship of input to output

voltages

Lab ActivitiesI. Grease and terminate X-ray cable

II. Measure primary and secondary kVIII. Follow safety rules for discharging

cables, sticks, and transformerconnections

DAY 5I. The production of X-rays (cont’d)

A. The X-ray generator1. kV circuitry2. Time/logic circuits3. mA control4. Troubleshooting

Lab ActivitiesI. Overall troubleshooting to sub-

assembly level

DAY 6I. Formation of the X-ray image

A. Control of the X-ray image1. Techniques2. Technique charts3. Inverse square law

B. Control & production of secondaryand scatter radiation1. Photoelectric effect2. Compton effect3. Collimators4. Grids

C. Intensifying screens1. Types2. Effect on quantity and quality3. Resolving capabilities4. Care and handling

D. Measuring quantity and quality of theX-ray beam1. Ionization chambers2. Half-value layers

Lab ActivitiesI. Use technique charts to properly

expose filmII. Evaluate the effect of scatter with and

without gridsIII. Perform “R” measurementsIV. Perform half value layer tests

DAY 7I. X-ray film

A. X-ray film and effects on radiographicquality1. Construction of X-ray film2. Formation of a latent image3. Sensitometric properties4. H & D Curve5. Speed, contrast, latitude, and

base fog

Lab ActivitiesI. Evaluate speed, contrast, average

gradient, latitude of different filmsII. Plot H & D curves

III. Utilize sensitometer and densitometerIV. Evaluate the effect of high speed

screens on different films

DAY 8I. Film processing

A. Processing cycle1. Time versus temperature2. Chemical replenishment

Lab ActivitiesI. Adjust temperature and replenishment

rates of processorII. Perform routine maintenance on

processor

DAY 9I. Introduction to imaging

A. The eye and what it sees1. Visual acuity2. Intensity discrimination3. Rod and cone vision

B. Image intensifiers1. Construction2. Operation

C. OpticsD. Television

Lab ActivitiesI. Identify the major components of an

imaging systemII. Operation of imaging system

III. Routine adjustments of the television

DAY 10I. System review

II. Final examIII. Course evaluation

Course Length: 2 weeksCEUs Awarded: 8

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IntroductionAdvanced Radiographic System Maintenanceis a hands-on course designed for thosecharged with the duties of repairing radio-logical equipment but having limited knowl-edge of the radiographic systems. Throughattendance in this course, the service profes-sional will become self-confident in workingon various types of radiographic systems.Upon completion of the course, the serviceprofessional will be able to identify and re-pair malfunctions of a radiographic system aswell as perform preventive maintenance andcompliance tests on the system.

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, the service profes-sional must have good fundamental knowl-edge of radiological physics and proceduresas taught by our Principles of Servicing Diag-nostic X-Ray Systems (Phase I) course.

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this course, participantswill be able to:• Determine if the X-ray generator system

meets the manufacturer’s specifications• Use proper test procedures to ensure

optimum performance• Isolate malfunctions to circuit level• Perform complete preventive mainte-

nance and system performance checks• Perform complete CDRH compliance

tests on the system

Course OutlineDAY 1

I. IntroductionA. X-ray control block diagramB. Three phase generator circuit block

diagramC. Single phase generatorD. Terminology and symbology

Lab ActivitiesI. Knobology

II. Circuit identification and locationIII. Test equipment operation and

identification

DAY 2I. Single- and three-phase H.V. secondary

A. X-ray tube parametersB. Rectifier circuitry

1. Full wave2. Half wave

C. Constant potentialD. Feedback circuitryE. Pulsed secondaryF. Regulation circuitryG. H.V. divider circuitryH.Safety circuitryI. kV and mA overload protection

devices

Lab ActivitiesI. H.V. calibration

II. Stick rectifier location and verificationIII. Waveform analysisIV. kV, mA overload verification and

calibrationV. Midpoint overcurrent inspection and

calibrationVI. H.V. secondary troubleshooting

DAY 3I. kV control

A. H.V. primary single phase1. kV metering2. Terminology and calibration

B. H.V. primary three phase: 2 SCRs1. Auto transformer versus variac

control2. Motor driven circuitry and

feedback3. Static and regulation compensa-

tionC. Forced commutationD. H.V. primary three phase: 6 SCRs

1. Bit selectors2. R.F. changeover3. Safety circuitry

E. High Frequency kV Production

Lab ActivitiesI. kV primary identification and calibra-

tionII. Waveform analysis

III. Motor driven circuitry maintenance andcalibration

IV. Static and regulation calibrationV. kV primary troubleshooting

DAY 4I. mA filament control

A. Basic filament control1. Focal spot selection2. Modes of operation3. Preheat circuitry4. Space charge compensation

B. Saturable reactor1. Filament feedback2. Real mA feedback3. Safety circuitry

C. Chopper stabilization1. Max. filament limitations2. Filament overcurrent protection

D. High frequency mA control

ADVANCED RADIOGRAPHICSYSTEM MAINTENANCEPHASE II)


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ADVANCED RADIOGRAPHIC SYSTEMMAINTENANCE (PHASE II) CONTINUED


Lab ActivitiesI. X-ray tube filament inspection

II. Waveform analysisIII. Type identificationIV. Preheat calibrationV. Max. filament limitation calibration

VI. Space charge calibrationVIII. Filament control troubleshooting

DAY 5I. Time control

A. Core memoryB. Exposure start and stopC. Digital timersD. mAs IntegrationE. A.E.C.F. A.B.C.

Lab ActivitiesI. Timer identification and location

II. Waveform analysisIII. Timer calibrationIV. A.E.C. calibrationV. Timer troubleshooting

DAY 6I. Control logic

A. Tube protectors1. Allowable kW2. Programmed kW3. Auto rotor

B. Rotor startersC. Relay control logic modes of

operationD. Digital control logicE. Microprocessor control logic

Lab ActivitiesI. Identification and verification

II. Interfacing and signal tracingIII. Control logic troubleshooting

DAY 7I. Ancillary equipment

A. Tube standsB. Collimators

1. Identification and modes ofoperation

2. CDRH performance testing3. Bucky sensing4. Central ray5. Beam alignment6. Servo drive system

Lab ActivitiesI. Identification and verification

II. Servo drive locations and calibrationIII. Mechanical and electrical alignment

A. Light field versus radiation fieldB. Central rayC. S.I.D. shutter tracking calibration

DAY 8I. Ancillary equipment

A. Bucky tableB. R.F. tables

1. Two- and four-way table top2. Table tilt and safety

C. Undertable tube alignment andshutter tracking

D. Spot filmers1. Mechanical2. Electrical

Lab ActivitiesI. Tube alignment

II. Table calibration and verificationA. MechanicalB. Electrical

III. Spot filmer alignment and verificationA. MechanicalB. Electrical

DAY 9I. System troubleshooting

A. System diagrams1. Digital system2. Microprocessor system

B. System documentation

Lab ActivitiesI. System troubleshooting

II. System verificationIII. System documentation




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IntroductionAdvanced Fluoroscopic System Maintenanceis a formal hands-on course that provides acomprehensive approach to servicing fluoro-scopic and vascular imaging systems. Empha-sis is placed on system performance and im-age evaluation. Each sub-component of theimaging system is thoroughly analyzed, andmethods of optimizing system performanceare applied.Participants perform complete system align-ment and calibration while evaluating eachsub-component for its specific modulationtransfer function. Participants also have theopportunity to troubleshoot all phases of theimaging system chain.

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, the service profes-sional must have good fundamental knowl-edge of radiological physics and proceduresas taught by our Principles of Servicing Diag-nostic X-Ray Systems (Phase I) course, ortwo years equivalent experience.

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this course, participantswill be able to:• Perform complete calibration on

fluoroscopic imaging systems• Evaluate overall performance of imaging

system components• Troubleshoot imaging problems on all

components of the imaging chain• Use proper test equipment to evaluate

system performance• Perform complete CDRH testing of the

imaging system

Course Outline

DAY 1I. Introduction

A. Introduction to fluoroscopic imagingB. Contrast, resolution, and sharpnessC. Subject matter contrast and

resolutionII. The X-ray beam

A. X-ray tube operationB. Quantity and qualityC. FiltrationD. Grids and scatterE. X-ray tube resolution

III. Radiation entrance and exit dosesA. Max. “R”B. Half value layerC. Absorption characteristicsD. Stabilized level

Lab ActivitiesI. Max. “R” calibration

II. Half value layer measurementsIII. Central ray alignmentIV. Shutter alignmentV. Focal spot measurements

VI. Input radiation levels (I.I.)

DAY 2I. Image intensifiers

A. Image tube construction andoperation

B. Conversion factorC. Quantum detection efficiencyD. Resolution, contrast, and sharpnessE. Multiple mode image tubesF. Contrast ratio

II. Optical systemA. Collimating lenses and infinity focusB. Focal length versus image sizeC. Beam splitters

Lab ActivitiesI. Low contrast resolution evaluation

II. High contrast resolution evaluationIII. Electronic I.I. focus with pie meshIV. Quantum sink evaluation (input

radiation)

DAY 3I. Brightness stabilization

A. kV, mA, and secondary switchingB. Light distributors and brightness

pickupC. Center scanning and shutter trackingD. Photo tube alignmentE. Stabilizer circuits

Lab ActivitiesI. Light distributor alignment

II. Photo tube alignmentIII. Stabilized level adjustmentsIV. Center scan evaluation

DAY 4I. Video stabilization

A. Composite videoB. Video sampling

II. PhotospotA. Circuit operationB. Density runsC. Focus runs

Lab ActivitiesI. Beam splitter alignment

II. Camera loadingIII. Photospot density runsIV. Input radiation adjustments

ADVANCED FLUOROSCOPICSYSTEM MAINTENANCEPHASE III)


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ADVANCED FLUOROSCOPIC SYSTEMMAINTENANCE (PHASE III) CONTINUED

DAY 5I. Cine radiology

A. Circuit operationB. Focus and density runs

Lab ActivitiesI. Overall system calibration

II. Overall system troubleshooting

DAY 6I. Introduction to television

A. Principles of televisionB. Raster formationC. Composite video

II. Television system block diagramA. Television camera block diagramB. Monitor block diagram

III. Camera tube construction andoperationA. Vidicon, lead oxide, saticon,

newviconB. Camera tube supplies


A. Isolating camera from monitorB. Evaluating the composite video

signalII. Camera tube alignment

A. Beam current/alignment, targetvoltage

B. Mechanical, electrostatic andelectromagnetic focus

DAY 7I. System timing circuit operation

A. Master oscillator and counteroperation

B. Vertical and horizontal timingC. Line rate conversions

II. Vert and horiz blanking and syncgenerationA. Mixed syncB. Standard and circular blankingC. Front and back porch delays

III. Vertical and horizontal camera sweepgenerationA. Vertical sweep circuit operationB. Horizontal sweep circuit operationC. Sweep loss protection circuits

Lab ActivitiesI. Master oscillator and counter adjust-

mentsA. Line rate conversionB. Free run/line lock calibrationC. Troubleshooting master timing

circuitsII. Sync and blanking

A. Circular blanking calibrationB. Vertical and horizontal sync

adjustmentsIII. Sweep size and positioning

A. Aspect ratioB. OverscanningC. Sweep size and positioning

DAY 8I. Video chain

A. Camera signal and preampB. Input video processingC. Output video processing

II. PreamplifierA. Circuit operationB. Signal to noise ratio


III. Input videoA. Aperture and streaking correctionB. Standard and circular video clampingC. Bandwidth selectionD. Normal and automatic gain control

IV. Output videoA. Standard and automatic pedestal

insertionB. Gamma correction circuit operationC. Sync and blanking signal insertion

Lab ActivitiesI. Video chain alignment

II. Video chain troubleshooting

DAY 9I. Monitor operation

A. Video circuitsB. Sync amp and separatorC. Vertical and horizontal sweep circuits

II. Monitor alignment

Lab ActivitiesI. Complete camera and monitor

calibrationII. Complete camera and monitor

troubleshooting




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IntroductionThis course is designed to provide the ser-vice professional with the skills and knowl-edge necessary to restore an X-ray imagingsystem to optimum performance after re-placing the system glassware. This will in-clude hands on installation and calibration ofthe X-ray tube, the image intensifier, thephoto multiplier tube, the TV camera tubeand CRT of the monitor. The course will con-clude with a discussion of customer satisfac-tion skills.

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, the service profes-sional must have good fundamental knowl-edge and understanding of the principlesgained through attendance at our Phase I,Phase II, and Phase III X-ray courses orequivalent field experience.

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of the course, participantswill be able to:• Use proper test procedures to determine

the need for glassware replacement• Select the proper glassware for

application• Perform proper de-installation

procedures• Perform proper pre-installation

inspections• Perform proper installation procedures• Perform the calibration procedures

necessary to restore the system tooptimum performance

• Perform the necessary compliance tests• Complete all necessary paperwork• Apply the appropriate customer

satisfaction skills for opening and closingthe service call

Course OutlineDAY 1

I. IntroductionA. X-ray tube fundamentals

1. Construction2. Electrical and mechanical

requirements3. X-ray tube failures4. Cables and terminations

B. Isolating X-ray tube failures1. Evaluating system performance2. Evaluating the X-ray tube

Lab ActivitiesI. Knobology and system familiarization

II. Evaluate system performanceIII. Evaluate X-ray tube performance

DAY 2I. X-ray tube selection

A. Resolution vs. focal spot sizeB. Target angle/area of coverageC. Instantaneous/cumulative ratingsD. Stator/housing considerations

II. PreinstallationA. Visual inspection of systemB. Visual inspection of replacement

tubeC. Tools and test equipment

Lab ActivitiesI. Preinstallation checks on system

II. Preinstallation checks on replacementtube

III. Documentation, tools, and testequipment

IV. Removal of the old X-ray tube

DAY 3I. Installing the new X-ray tube

A. Mounting the new tube1. Overhead installation2. Undertable installation

B. Pre-hookup1. Cables, terminations, receptacles2. Filament limits

a. Maximum/peak/rms3. Tube protector circuitry

C. Hookup1. Electrical/mechanical consider-

ationsa. Wavy washers

2. Verifying filament operation3. Verifying anode rotation/speed

D. Rotor controllers1. European style2. American style

E. X-ray tube seasoningF. Calibrating the X-ray generator

1. kVp, mA, time2. AEC3. Fluoro considerations

Lab ActivitiesI. Mounting the replacement tube

II. Pre-hookup checks and calibrationsIII. Replacement X-ray tube hookupIV. Verify filament operationV. Calibrate filament limits/standby/

prelight levelsVI. Check anode rotation/speed; stator

voltagesVII. Calibrate the tube protectorVIII. Season the tubeIX. Calibrate kV, mA and time circuitsX. Check AEC operation

XI. Fluoro calibrations

DAY 4I. System performance tests

A. Lead star radiograph (resolution)B. Beam quality (HVL)C. Beam alignment (central ray)D. X-ray field and image receptor center

alignmentE. Light field to X-ray field

Course Length: 2 weeksCEUs Awarded: 8ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC

IMAGING SYSTEM ANALYSISPHASE IV)(


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ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING SYSTEMANALYSIS (PHASE IV) CONTINUED



II. Completing the installationA. Required formsB. Record keepingC. Closing the service call

Lab ActivitiesI. Beam quality (HLV)

II. Beam alignment (central ray)III. X-ray field to image receptor center

alignmentIV. Light field to X-ray field alignmentV. Focal spot resolution (lead star

radiograph)VI. Complete the paperwork

DAY 5I. Image tube (I.I.) fundamentals

A. ConstructionB. Conversion factor (GX)C. Resolving capabilities1. High/low contrast resolutionD. Contrast ratioE. Quantum detection efficiency

Lab ActivitiesI. Evaluate present I.I. performance

A. Conversion factor measurementB. Resolution determinationC. Contrast ratio measurement

DAY 6I. Installing new I.I

A. Old I.I. removalB. Mounting new I.I. in housingC. Electrical considerations

2. High voltage power supplya. Check outb. Replacement

Lab ActivitiesI. I.I. Replacement

A. Remove present I.I.B. Install new I.I.C. Mount housing on systemD. Focusing

DAY 7I. Imaging system evaluation

A. Optics system1. Lens2. Image splitting/coupling3. Focusing

B. Auto brightness stabilization systems1. Types of controls

a. kVb. mAc. Pulse widthd. Isowatt

2. Feedback controlsa. Videob. PMTc. Solid state

3. Stabilized input dosea. Quantum sink/mottle

Lab ActivitiesI. Replacing the PMT

II. Align the PMT

DAY 8I. Video systems

A. TV camera1. Composite video2. Camera tubes construction/

selectiona. Vidiconb. Plumbiconc. Hybrids

3. Camera tube selection

Lab ActivitiesI. Evaluate present camera tube

performanceA. ResolutionB. Saturation pointC. Video levels

II. Removing camera tubeIII. Installing new tubeIV. Video levels

DAY 9I. Video systems

A. Monitors1. CRT evaluation

a. Resolving capabilitiesb. Saturation pointc. Linearity

2. CRT removal3. Installation4. Set-up

Lab ActivitiesI. Evaluate present CRT

II. Remove CRTIII. Install new CRTIV. Align sweeps/linearity

DAY 10I. Customer satisfaction skills

A. Opening the service callB. On call communicationsC. Closing the service call

II. Course reviewIII. Final examIV. Course evaluation

13



IntroductionOur Updated Phase V is developed forgraduates of Phase IV and seasoned serviceprofessionals, providing state-of-the-art tech-nology necessary for servicing today'sfilmless diagnostic imaging departments.Our industry is going filmless, and ImagingService Professionals graduating fromPhase V will gain knowledge of PACS integra-tion, R.I.S. and H.I.S. technology, networkstrategies and DICOM compatibility.

PrerequisitesFundamental knowledge of basic Windowsoperation. Completion of Phases I-IV is not aprerequisite.

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this course, studentswill be able to:• Understand the fundamentals of

computer networks• Build and understand computers and

networks at the component level• Understand the extensive terminology for

PACS systems, CR, DR and digital spotsystems

• Understand the TCP/IP protocol• Design a network using TCP/IP• Develop and monitor administrative

networking functions• Understand the DICOM standard and its

importance to PACS systems• Troubleshoot digital image related

problems, including hardware, software,DICOM level packet troubleshooting

• Understand R.I.S., H.I.S. and HL7integration and today's digital images

Course Outline


II. Networking BasicsIII. Topologies & HardwareIV. OSI Model overviewV. Hospital Workflow Overview

VI. DICOM OverviewVII. HL7 Standard OverviewVIII. Hospital Imaging Network basics

DAY 2I. Networking basics Quiz

II. Network ArchitectureIII. Network SecurityIV. AuthenticationV. Authorization

VI. EncryptionVII. Users & GroupsVIII. ProfilesIX. Policies

DAY 3I. Protecting Your Data

II. Network Performance MonitoringIII. DOS reviewIV. TCP/IP introV. Network Troubleshooting

VI. SubnettingVII. FTPVIII. Role of TCP/IP in PACSIX. PACS Hardware

SERVICING TODAY’S FILMLESSIMAGING DEPARTMENTS:PACS INTEGRATION, NETWORKING & TCP/IP FUNDAMENTALS, DICOMCOMPATIBILITY, DICOM TROUBLESHOOTING (PHASE V)


DAY 4I. IP Addressing Basics

II. Invalid/Reserved AddressesIII. Invalid/Reserved AddressesIV. RoutingV. Custom Subnetting

VI. Configuring TCP/IPVII. TCP/IP UtilitiesVIII. DHCP

DAY 5I. UNIX

II. TCP Packet SniffingIII. TCP Packet analysisIV. DICOM Standard overview

Course materialsCD ROM distributed during class includes:

• FTP Client software

• Entire updated DICOM Standard

• DICOM Emulator

• DICOM TCP Packet Sniffer

• DICOM Transmission Analyzer

Students are recommended to bring a laptop if one is available to them


14



SERVICING TODAY’S FILMLESSIMAGING DEPARTMENTS:PACS INTEGRATION, NETWORKING & TCP/IP FUNDAMENTALS, DICOMCOMPATIBILITY, DICOM TROUBLESHOOTING (PHASE V)

DAY 9I. Test DICOM Connectivity

II. Troubleshooting image transfer relatedproblems with laptop

III. Troubleshooting image printing relatedproblems with laptop

IV. Troubleshooting worklist pollingrelated problems with laptop

DAY 10I. DICOM Troubleshooting Cont'd

II. Overall ReviewIII. Final Exam

DAY 6I. DICOM Introduction

II. DICOM VocabularyIII. Functions of DICOMIV. DICOM FilesV. DICOM Storage

VI. DICOM Standard BreakdownVII. DICOM Information ObjectsVIII. DICOM ServicesIX. DICOM Viewers

DAY 7I. DICOM SOP Classes

II. UID'sIII. SCU/SCP Devices RolesIV. DICOM Transmission SequenceV. DICOM Association

VI. DICOM WorkflowVII. Transfer Syntax/Presentation ContextVIII. Grayscale Standard Display FunctionIX. Application EntitiesX. Network Configuration

XI. DIMSE CommandsXII. Command Sets/Data Sets

DAY 8 I. DICOM Message Structure II. DICOM Message Dumps III. Configure DICOM Emulators IV. Sending Images to PACS

V. Send images to be Printed VI. Query PACS for images VII. Query HIS/RIS for Patient WorklistVIII. Reading/Comparing DICOM Conform-

ance Statements

Students are recommended to bring a laptop if one is available to them

Lab ActivitiesI. Identify components that make up

the network

II. Design and build TCP/IP network

III. Design and administor custom subnets

IV. Configure TCP/IP address

VI. Read and compare DICOM Conform-ance Statements

VI. Use DICOM emulator to act as DICOMSCU/SCP Device

VII. Promiscuous Mode packet analysis

VIII. Send/Query/Print/Worklist relatedtransmisions using DICOM Emulator

IX. Capture DICOM Message Dumps non-invasively

X. Analyze captured DICOM messagedumps for troubleshooting

15


ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this course, studentswill be able to:• Understand the fundamentals of network

computers• Understand the extensive terminology for

PACS systems, CR, DR and digital spotsystems

• Understand the TCP/IP protocol• Design a network using TCP/IP• Understand the DICOM standard and its

importance to PACS systems• Understand R.I.S., H.I.S. and H.L.7

integration and today's digital images

Course Outline


II. Networking BasicsIII. Topologies & HardwareIV. Networking protocolsV. Hubs,Switches & Routers

DAY 2I. Overview of TCP/IP

II. IP Addressing BasicsIII. SubnettingIV. Custom SubnettingV. Invalid/Reserved Addresses

VI. RoutingVII. TCP/IP UtilitiesVIII. Network Troubleshooting

Lab Activities• Identify components that make up the

network

• Configure and troubleshoot TCP/IP

• Network laptops for image acquisition

• Install DICOM emulation software

• Receive and evaluate images fromDICOM Modality (RSTI Site Labs only)

• Read DICOM Conformance Statements

Course materialsCD ROM distributed during class includes:• FTP Client software

• Entire updated DICOM Standard

• DICOM Emulator

• DICOM TCP Packet Sniffer

• DICOM Transmission Analyzer

SERVICING TODAY’S FILMLESSIMAGING DEPARTMENTS:PACS INTEGRATION, NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS, TCP/IP AND DICOM CONNECTIVITY

(ONE WEEK PHASE V)

On-Site Training Course

DAY 3I. Network Security

II. Network Performance MonitoringIII. Protecting Your DataIV. DHCPV. DNS/WINS

VI. Role of TCP/IP in PACSVII. PACS System Network LayoutsVIII. PACS Hardware

DAY 4I. DICOM Introduction

II. Understanding DICOMIII. Functions of DICOMIV. DICOM FilesV. DICOM Storage

VI. DICOM Connectivity VII. SCU/SCP RolesVIII. SOP Classes

DAY 5I. 7 Steps to DICOM Conformance

II. Lab: Reading and Understandingyour DICOM Conformance Statements

III. Lab: Reading DICOM HeadersIV. Lab: Send DICOM ImagesV. Lab: Emulate DICOM PACS

VI. Lab: Using DICOM EchoVII. Lab: Setting up Modality WorklistVIII. Lab: DICOM Packet level Trouble-

shooting (Invasive/Non-Invasivelevels of troubleshooting)


16

FUNDAMENTALS OFNETWORKING


IntroductionFundamentals of Networking will provideyou with the basic knowledge of how today'scomputers will function in a networked envi-ronment. This includes basic components ofa computer, cabling and network architec-tures, OSI model and other standards, LANand WAN technologies, understanding thebasics of a heterogeneous network.

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this course students willbe able to:

• Define common networking termsfor LANs and WANs

• Compare a file-and-print server withan application server

• Compare user-level security withaccess permission assigned to ashared directory on a server

• Compare a client/server networkwith a peer-to-peer network

• Compare the implications of usingconnection-oriented communica-tions with connectionless communi-cations

• Distinguish whether SLIP or PPP isused as the communicationsprotocol for various situations

• Define the communication devicesthat communicate at each level of theOSI model

• Describe the characteristics andpurpose of the media used in IEEE80II.3 and IEEE 80II.5 standards

• Explain the purpose of NDIS andNovell ODI network standards

Lab Equipment• Intel x86 based computers

• Microsoft Windows NT/98/2000/ME,MS-DOS, Linux, Novell, and Apple OSOperating Systems

Course MaterialRSTI Training Manual, Lab Manual, PowerPoint Presentation CD

DAY I

OverviewI Introduction to networking

II. Two major types of networksA. Peer-to-peerB. Server based

III. Hardware considerationsIV. Network design (basic topologies)

A. BusB. RingC. Star

Lab ActivitiesI. Hardware identification

A. ComponentsB. Slot identification

DAY 2

ConnectivityI. Network cabling

A. Coax1. Thicknet2. Thinnet

B. UTP/STP1. IBM cabling system

C. Fiber opticII. Signal transmission

III. Wireless network transmissionA. InfraredB. LaserC. Narrow band radioD. Spread-spectrum radio

IV. NIC (Network interface cards)

A. Bus typesB. IRQC. DMAD. I/O portE. ConnectionsF Network architecture

Lab Activities

I. Building a computer

DAY 3

Network InteroperabilityI. OSI and IEEE standards

A. LayersB. Additions to the layers

II. DriversA. ODIB. NDIS

III. ProtocolsA. TCP/IPB. NetBEUIC. IPX/SPXD. AppleTalk

IV. Access methodsV. Common network architectures

A. Ethernet1. Xbase X

B. Token ringC. AppleTalk and ArcNet

Lab ActivitiesI. Operating systems setup

A. Windows NTB. LinuxC. Novell Netware

Course Length: 1 WeekCEUs Awarded: 4

17


FUNDAMENTALS OF NETWORKINGCONTINUED



DAY 4

Network Operating SystemsI. Network OS Setup

A. NIC SetupII. File Sharing

III. Printer SharingA. Redirectors

IV. Shared ApplicationsA. CentralizedB. Client/Server

V. SecurityA. Local vs. NetworkB. Peer to Peer vs. CentralizedC. Access PermissionsD. Access RightsE. FAT vs. NTFS / Others

Lab ActivitiesI. Network Setup

A. Protocol SelectionB. Redirector SelectionC. Services / Clients

II. Security SetupA. PermissionsB. RightsC. Auditing

DAY 5

Advanced Networking ConceptsI. Network Administration And Support

A. Managing Network AccountsB. Managing Network PerformanceC. Avoiding Data Loss

1. Backup2. RAID Systems

D. Avoiding Computer Virus Infections

II. Larger NetworksA. Creating Large Networks

1. Repeaters / Hubs2. Bridges3. Routers4. Gateways

B. Wide Area Network Transmission1. Analog Connectivity

a. Dial-up Linesb. Dedicated Linesc. Line Conditioning

2. Digital Connectivitya. TI and T3b. Multiplexing

3. Packet Switchinga. Switched 56K lines

III. Advanced WAN TechnologiesA. X.II5B. Frame RelayC. ATMD. ISDNE. FDDIF. SONETG. SMDSH.DSLI. Cable Modems

IV. Network TroubleshootingA. StepsB. Tools

DAY 5

ConclusionI. Final Exam

II. Overall ReviewIII. Questions and Answers


18

Lab Activities• Identify components that make up

the network

• Configure and troubleshoot TCP/IP

• Network laptops for image aquisition

• Install DICOM emulation software

• Receive and evaluate images fromDICOM Modality (RSTI Site Labs only)

• Read DICOM Conformace Statements

Note: Students will receive DICOMemulation software (Full UnrestrictedVersion) and a free DICOM Viewer tobe used in lab activities as well as in thefield.


IntroductionOur DICOM Introduction is developed forengineers new to the field as well asseasoned service professionals providingstate-of-the-art technology necessary for ser-vicing today's filmless diagnostic imaging de-partments.

Our industry is going filmless, and Im-aging Service Professionals are being forcedto gain the knowledge of DICOM that thisclass provides. H.I.S., R.I.S., Broker, Jukebox,and PACS are among the technology dis-cussed throughout. Knowledge of DICOM isno longer a bonus but a necessity with thegrowth of filmless modalities industrywide.This class is a must for managers, serviceengineers and materials management per-sonnel.

PrerequisitesFundamental knowledge of networking andbasic TCP/IP principles

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this course, studentswill be able to:• Understand what DICOM functions are

necessary in PACS implementation.• Communicate with outside sources such

as DICOM vendors and technical supportpersonnel.

• Determine the level of DICOM Connec-tivity between any 2 modalities.

• Recognize key components of aConformance Statement and determinewhere problem areas might occur forfuture DICOM implementation.

• Identify what DICOM components yourfacility requires for sending out bidspecifications.

Course Outline

DAY 1• DICOM Introduction• History of DICOM• DICOM Standard Overview• Role of TCP/IP in DICOM• TCP/IP Utilities• TCP/IP Troubleshooting• Understanding DICOM• Communication Requirements• DICOM Terminology• Functions of DICOM

DAY 2• Modality Association• DICOM Files• DICOM Storage• PACS Hardware• PACS System Network Layouts• DICOM Service Classes• SCU/SCP Roles• SOP Classes• Transfer Syntax• Connectivity

DAY 3• 7 Steps to DICOM Conformance• Reading and Understanding

DICOM Conformance Statements.• DICOM Test Tools• Emulation Software• DICOM Validation• DICOM Test Tools• DICOM Simulation• Overall Review

INTRODUCTION TO DIGITALIMAGING AND COMMUNICATION IN MEDICINEINTRODUCTION TO DICOM AND ITS ROLE IN FILMLESS IMAGING

Course Length: 3 DaysCEUs Awarded: 2

19


Designed for experienced diagnosticimaging professionals. All equipment isinstalled at the RSTI training center andis dedicated to training activities. Thisensures maximum hands-on opportu-nities without interruptions.

The RSTI learning environment istailored to the student’s needs.Classrooms and labs are together inone section of our learning center.There is no need to be transported toan off-site facility (hospital or freestand-ing clinic) to accomplish hands-ontraining. Lab instructors are alwaysavailable.

X-Ray FamilyCourses


20

IntroductionThe G.E. MPX/SPX, MVP X-rayControls course is a skills devel-opment course designed to pro-vide the experienced service pro-fessional with the skills necessaryto fully service and calibrate theX-ray controls of the MPX/SPX,and the MVP generators.

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, the serviceprofessional must have a goodunderstanding of the principlesgained through attending PhaseII or four years equivalent expe-rience. The service professionalmust also possess a good work-ing knowledge of microproces-sors and their associated supportcomponents.

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this course,the participants will be able to :• Perform complete calibration

of the G.E. MPX/SPX, and MVPX-ray controls

• Load and alter any associatedsoftware (When applicable)

• Load and alter anatomicalprograms

• Evaluate system performance• Troubleshoot the majority of

the systems to componentlevel

• Perform CDRH testing of thegenerator systems

SPECIAL NOTE:Classroom sessions will cover allsystems simultaneously. Labora-tory exercises will be conductedin a “round-robin” fashion togive exposure to all systems.

Course Outline

DAY 1 (Classroom)I. Introduction

A. Basic Operation1. Knobology2. Symbology3. Terminology

B. SpecificationsII. X-ray control block diagrams

A. MPX/SPXB. MVPC. Advantx

III. Physical layoutsIV. Using G.E. documentation

A. Manual layoutB. Signal tracingC. Getting from unit to unit

DAY 2 (Lab)I. Systems operation

II. Physical layoutA. System identificationB. Component location

1. Physical location2. Schematic location3. Signal tracing

III. CPU accessA. Hexadecimal entryB. CD4 entryC. Software entry

DAY 3 (Classroom)I. On-Off circuits

II. Power-up sequencesIII. kV control

A. Voltpac control1. DC drive2. Pulse width modulation

B. Primary contacting1. Force commutation

C. Pre-contacting1. Relay controlled2. Software controlled

D.High tension secondaryIV. Feedback circuitryV. Safety circuits

DAY 4 (Lab)I. kV Calibration

A. Load/slopeB. Servo boostC. Pre-contactingD.DampingE. Internal kV meter

II. Waveform analysisIII. Troubleshooting

DAY 5 (Classroom)I. mA/filament stabilization

A. Saturable reactor1. Current regulation

B. Pulse width modulation1. Drive signals2. Chopper circuits

C. Filament feedbackD.Real mA feedbackE. Filament correctionF. CPU update

DAY 6 (Lab)I. mA Calibration

A. BaselineB. Space chargeC. FeedbackD.OverdemandE. Auto/manualF. Max. filament current

II. Waveform analysisIII. Troubleshooting

DAY 7 (Classroom)I. Timer

A. Timing sequences1. Prep release2. Exposure release3. Time stop

B. High voltage detection

SERVICING THE GENERAL ELECTRICMPX/SPX AND MVP


II. Tube limitsIII. Control logicIV. Control console

DAY 8 (Lab)I. Timer calibration

A. Tailing compensationB. Anticipation timeC. AEC

1. Pick-up sensitivity2. Balance3. Screen compensation

D. Tube limitsII. Waveform analysis

III. Troubleshooting

DAY 9 (Classroom/Lab)Classroom

I. Anatomical programmingII. Rotor controls

A. SARCB. TIRCC. Initial turn-onD. Start to runE. BrakeF. Inverter drives

LabI. Anatomical programming

customizationII. Rotor waveforms

III. Troubleshooting

DAY 10 (Classroom)I. Systems Review

II. Final ExamIII. Course Evaluation

OEM Families of Products

21


SERVICING THE PHILIPS FAMILY OFGENERATORS: CP/SUPER CP 50/100,CLASSIC 850/1050, MEDIO, MAXIMUS



IntroductionThe Philips OEM Family course includes de-tailed theory of operation, installation andcalibration of Philips generators. Systemscovered in this course include Philips Medio50, Super CP, and Classic generators.

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, students must havecompleted Phase IV or have equivalent expe-rience through on-the-job training. The ser-vice professional must also possess a goodworking knowledge of computer concepts,addressing, and associated support circuits.

Objectives• Describe circuit operation of Philips

generator systems• Perform complete calibration of Philips

generators• Troubleshoot Philips systems

Course OutlineDAY 1

I. Overview of Philips systemsA. Reading Philips documentationB. Philips nomenclatureC. Reading German documentation

DAY 2I. Philips Classic generator

A. System block diagramB. Turn on and safetyC. kV circuits

Lab ActivitiesI. Waveform analysis

II. Calibration

DAY 3I. Philips Classic generator (continued)

A. mA circuitsB. Timer/phototimerC. Generator logic

Lab ActivitiesI. mA circuit lab

II. Phototimer lab

DAY 4I. Philips Medio 50

A. System descriptionB. kV/mA circuits

Lab ActivitiesI. kV calibration

II. mA calibration

DAY 5I. Medio 50 system (continued)

A. Timer/logicB. Phototimer

Lab ActivitiesI. System calibration

II. Troubleshooting

DAY 6I. Philips CP generators

A. CP System overview1. Block diagrams2. Software/firmware

B. Hardware programming1. Tube selection2. Image receptor selection3. AEC options

C. Switch settingsD.System communications

Lab ActivitiesI. Component identification

II. Signal tracingIII. Software/firmware verificationIV. Hardware programming

A. VerificationB. Manipulation

V. Translating CPU bus error codes

DAY 7I. Philips CP generators (continued)

A. System logicB. software operationC. diagnostics

II. kV circuit operation

Lab ActivitiesI. Software checkout

II. kV calibrationIII. Waveform analysisIV. HV circuit troubleshooting

DAY 8I. mA circuit operation

A. Tube adaptationB. filament calibration requirements

II. PhototimingA. AEC/RADB. AEC/photospot and cineC. AEC/digital capturesD.Brightness stabilization

Lab ActivitiesI. mA calibration

II. Filament drive calibrationA. Standby levelB. BoostC. Dose rate controls

III. Waveform analysisIV. Filament control troubleshooting

DAY 9I. Rotor controls

A. YA groupB. YC extensionC. YD extensionD.YG continuous high speed

Lab ActivitiesI. Rotor control setup

II. Waveform analysisIII. Rotor control troubleshootingIV. X-ray tube change requirements

A. Tube prom selectionsB. Rotor connectionsC. Oil cooler

V. Oil cooler maintenance

DAY 10I. Course Review

II. Final Exam


22

ADVANCED SPECIALTYPRODUCTS SYSTEMSMAINTENANCE

Fast-paced, generator-only courses designed for the experienced service professional.Detailed course outlines not included in this catalog are available upon request.

Product specific training is available on the following systems:

General ElectricG.E. AMX IV Portable X-Ray Controls System Maintenance

G.E. Advantx

G.E. AMX IV

PhilipsPhilips Maximus Classic X-Ray Control System Maintenance

Philips MCRT/Classic X-Ray Controls System Maintenance

Philips Modular SM/MM 80/85/100/150 X-Ray Controls System Maintenance

Philips Optimus M200 X-Ray Controls System Maintenance

PickerPicker Beta Camera/UFRC

Picker GX850/1050 Generator Maintenance

Picker Vector 80/100 X-Ray Control System Maintenance

Picker Vector Imaging System Maintenance

SiemensSiemens Polydoros 50S/80S X-Ray Control System Maintenance

Siemens Tridoros 712/Gigantos 1012/Polyphos X-Ray Controls

OtherCCD Camera Maintenance

RSTI’s training expertise extendsthrough a complete range of specificproducts from the leading manufactur-ers of diagnostic imaging equipment.These and other product-specificcourses are offered on a demand basis,and can be presented “closed door” atyour facility. Detailed course outlinesand pricing may be obtained bycontacting us at

(800) 229-RSTI.

23


GENERAL ELECTRIC AMX 4

IntroductionPortable X-ray units are found in most radio-logical/diagnostic imaging departments.They are typically exposed to a higher abuselevel due to elevator openings, tight roomentrances, limited patient access, and lack ofspace for maneuverability. This constantabuse will cause premature mechanical fail-ure if not properly identified and correctedearly. The trained service professional will betaught the skills necessary for mechanical,electromechanical, and electronic mainte-nance of the AMX 4. Each sub-system of themechanical unit and the generator is thor-oughly analyzed.

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, the service profes-sional must have a good understanding ofthe principles gained through attendingPhase II, or four years equivalent experience.The service professional must also possess agood mechanical aptitude.

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this course participantswill be able to:• Evaluate overall system performance• Troubleshoot mechanical and electronic

problems on all components of the unit• Perform a complete and thorough

preventive maintenance inspection oneach portable unit

• Follow circuit operations of system detailblock diagrams

Course Outline


A. Basic operations1. Knobology2. Terminology

B. SpecificationsII. Basic system/unit differences

A. MechanicalB. ElectronicC. Documentation

III. AMX 4 block diagram

Lab ActivitiesI. Basic operation

II. Circuit identification and location

DAY 2I. Charging circuit

II. 60Hz DC-AC inverterA. Tube statorB. Forced commutation circuitsC. Filament control circuitsD. Collimator lamp circuits

Lab ActivitiesI. Charger calibration

II. Filament calibration

DAY 3I. 500Hz DC-AC inverter

A. Inverter driver circuitsB. Inverter circuits

II. Logic circuitA. Safety circuitsB. Exposure start/stop circuits

Lab ActivitiesI. kV calibration

II. Timer calibrationIII. Timer waveform analysis

DAY 4I. Drive circuits

A. Speed controlB. Braking system

II. AMX 4 block diagramA. Filament control circuitsB. kV control circuitsC. Charger control circuits

Lab ActivitiesI. Drive control circuits

II. Major component disassemblyA. Tube replacementB. Extension columnC. Vertical columnD. High voltage transformer


A. MechanicalB. Electronic

II. Overall system reviewIII. Final examIV. Course evaluation




24

Advanced Specialty Products Systems Maintenance

SERVICING THEGE ADVANTX R/F SYSTEM

IntroductionThe GE Advantx RF Systems course is a skillsdevelopment course designed to provide theexperienced service professional with theskills necessary to fully service and calibratethis control.

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, the service profes-sional must have a good understanding ofthe principles gained through attendingPhase II and Phase III or four years equiva-lent experience in servicing RF equipment.The service professional must also possess agood working knowledge of microproces-sors and their associated support chips.

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this course, participantswill be able to:• Perform complete calibration of the GE

Advantx X-ray control, image chain, andperipheral equipment

• Evaluate system performance• Troubleshoot the majority of the system

to component level• Perform CDRH testing on the GE

Advantx system

Course Outline

DAY 1

I. IntroductionA. Basic operation

1. Knobology2. Software controls3. Operation

II. Using GE documentationA. Manual layoutB. Signal tracingC. Getting from unit to unit

III. Block diagramA. Modular structureB. System architecture

Lab Activities

I. System operationII. Physical layout

III. Component locationIV. Software loading

A. RestoreB. Back-up

V. Service mode

DAY 2

I. On-off circuitsII. Power-up sequence

III. kV controlA. kV control block diagram

1. Voltpac drive2. Feedback circuitry3. Limit circuitry4. Compensation circuitry

B. Calibration

IV. Primary contactingA. Force commutationB. Pre-contacting control

V. HT transformer

Lab Activities

I. kV calibrationA. Load/slopeB. Servo boostC. Pre-contacting

D. DampingE. Internal kV metering

II. Waveform analysis

DAY 3

I. Filament controlA. Drive signalsB. Oscillator circuitC. Chopper circuitD. Metering

II. Real mA feedbackA. Mid-secondary circuitryB. mA stabilization

1. Filament drive correction2. CPU update

Lab Activities

I. mA calibrationA. BaselineB. Space chargeC. FeedbackD. OverdemandE. Auto/manualF. Waveform analysis

DAY 4

I. TimerA. Timing sequenceB. HV on detection

II. Exposure LogicA. Prep cycleB. Exposure release logic

requirementsC. Exposure stop

III. Rotor controllerA. Power control

1. Initial turn on2. Start to run3. Brake

B. Inverter drive1. Frequency2. Modulation

C. Microprocessor1. Communication2. Error LEDs


continued

25


Advanced Specialty Products Systems Maintenance

SERVICING THEGE ADVANTX R/F SYSTEM CONTINUED


Lab Activities

I. Timer calibrationA. Tailing compensationB. Anticipation time

II. Rotor controllerA. Waveform analysisB. Calibration

Day 5

I. MPPU X-Ray controlA. High frequency conceptsB. DC supplyC. Double “H” bridgeD. Test pointsE. Monitoring circuits

Lab Activities

I. X-ray control troubleshootingII. Week 1 lab review

DAY 6

I. Automatic exposure controlA. Ion chamber selectB. Master densityC. Screen compensationD. Photo cell calibration

II. Fluoroscopic controlA. Standard fluoroB. Digital fluoro

III. Photospot controlIV. Cine control

Lab Activities

I. AEC calibrationA. Master densityB. Screen speedC. Fine density tweakD. Anticipator calibration

II. Photo cell calibrationIII. Waveform analysis

DAY 7

I. VIC module part 1A. Power supply moduleB. II control

1. Grid drives2. Drive feedback3. Anti “S”ing control

4. Photo cathode currentC. High voltage supplyD. Image gateE.. Neutral density filter

Lab Activities

I. Beam evaluationII. Electronic II focus

III. Mechanical focusIV. Image tube evaluation

A. Contrast ratioB. Resolution

DAY 8

I. VIC module part IIA. Camera head

1. Camera controls2. Camera tube voltages

a. Grid drivesb. Grid voltage feedback

B. Iris controlC. TV rotatorD. Video processor

Lab Activities

I. CalibrationA. Camera

1. Electronic focus2. Mechanical focus3. Target voltage4. Pre-amp

B. IrisC. Video processor

1. Peak video2. Extended dynamic range

II. Waveform analysis

DAY 9

I. Control consoleA. Plasma screenB. Power suppliesC. Console µP

II. Spot filmer 8835A. InterfaceB. Control

III. CollimatorA. InterfaceB. Control

IV. System variationsA. Positioner

1. Rad2. Rad/fluoro3. Vascular

B. CollimatorsC. “C” ArmsD. Tables

Lab Activities

I. Spotfilmer calibrationII. Collimator calibration

III. System Wide troubleshooting

DAY 10

I. System reviewII. Final exam

III. Course evaluation


26



IntroductionMammography may be the most dynamic ofall of today's imaging modalities. With thenew regulatory and accreditation proce-dures, and advancements in technology, theservice professional is becoming more in-volved in maintaining the quality of themammographic images produced. Thiscourse is designed to give the service profes-sional the insight to evaluate image qualityproblems, determine if the mammographicunit is the source of the image problem andtake the appropriate steps to correct the de-ficiency. Given today’s regulatory environ-ment, maintaining the system at peak perfor-mance is of the utmost importance.

Objectives• Describe the current mammographic

imaging regulatory environment• Describe the factors that affect mammo-

graphic image quality• Describe how those factors are optimized

to produce the highest quality mammo-graphic images

• Describe the basic components of theLORAD MIV™ Platinum mammographicunits

• Describe the function of the basiccomponents of the LORAD MIV Plati-num™ mammographic unit

• Demonstrate an understanding of theaccreditation process

• Demonstrate an understanding of theMammographic Quality Standards Act

• Demonstrate an understanding of theinstallation procedures associated withthe MIV Platinum™

• Perform the necessary mammographicperformance monitoring and qualityassurance procedures utilizing theLORAD MIV Platinum™

• Perform the necessary tests to reproducethe results of the physicist's report toconfirm corrective action

• Perform all system calibrations andadjustments to maintain the highestquality images and compliance withMQSA requirements

• Evaluate circuit functions to facilitatetroubleshooting

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, the service profes-sional must possess fundamental knowledgeand understanding of the principles of X-rayand basic electronics.

Course Outline

DAY 1I. Mammography process overview

II. Basic terminologyIII. Positioning and techniqueIV. Screening vs clinical

Lab ActivitiesI. Dark room conditions

II. Sensitometric propertiesIII. Photographic densityIV. Characteristic curvesV. Screen considerations

VI. Processing

DAY 2I. Factors affecting image quality

II. ACR Mammography AccreditationProgram

III. Quality assurance in mammography

Lab ActivitiesI. Collimation

II. Compression devicesIII. Bucky/grid devicesIV. AEC trackingV. Focal spot geometry

VI. Phantom images

ACR ACCREDITATIONAND SERVICING THELORAD MIV PLATINUM™

DAY 3I. Troubleshooting image quality

problemsII. Mammography quality control, beyond

the basicIII. 1999 Mammography Quality Standards

Act (MQSA)

Lab ActivitiesI. kVp

II. HVLIII. LinearityIV. ReproducibilityV. Glandular dose

VI. Radiation safety

DAY 4I. Introduction to the LORAD MIV

Platinum™ systemII. System specifications

III. Site planning and installationIV. OperationV. System controls

VI. Physical layoutVII. Using LORAD documentation

Lab ActivitiesI. Component location

A. Schematic locationB. Physical locationC. Connector locationsD.Fuse location/identification

II. Cover removal proceduresIII. Locating ID/Compliance labelsIV. Parts identification

27



ACR ACCREDITATION AND SERVICING THELORAD MIV PLATINUM™ CONTINUED

DAY 5I. Turn-on circuits

II. Power distributionA. AC supplies/distributionB. DC supplies/distributionI.

III. System block diagrams

Lab ActivitiesI. Input AC voltage adaptation

II. Power supply verificationA. AC suppliesB. DC supplies

DAY 6I. kV control

A. Manual kVB. Auto kV

II. HV secondaryA. Feedback circuitsB. Safety circuitsC. Overload detect

III. mA controlA. @Manual kVB. @Auto kV

IV. Filament drive circuitsA. Filament controlB. Filament protectC. Grid bias

Lab ActivitiesI. kV measurement

A. InvasiveB. Non-invasive

II. Safety/Overload circuitsIII. Waveform analysisIV. kV Calibration


V. mA/mAS measurementVI. Filament drive waveform analysis

VII. mA waveform analysisVIII. mA calibration

A. @Manual kVB. @Auto kVC. Grid bias calibration

DAY 7I. Rotor control

A. Inverter driveB. Rotor status checks

II. Exposure controlA. ManualB. AEC

1. AEC detect2. Auto time3. Auto kV4. Auto filter

III. Patient data systemIV. Monitor

Lab ActivitiesI. AEC calibrations

A. Optical densityB. Thickness compensationC. HTC™ compensationD. grid compensationE. kV tracking

II. Rotor control programmingIII. Rotor verificationIV. Rotor waveform analysis

DAY 8I. Electromechanical systems

A. Tube support areaB. Gantry drive areaC. Film support area

Lab ActivitiesI. Auto-filter threshold

II. Compression force calibrationIII. Filter calibrationIV. Rotation zero calibrationV. Rotation velocity calibration

VI. Vertical velocity calibrationVII. Stereoloc rotation velocity calibrationVIII. HTC™ thickness threshold

DAY 9I. Stereoloc

A. Motor driveB. Camera interfaceC. Angle driveD.System interfaceE. Feedback

II. Accessory interfacingIII. Tube replacementIV. Mechanical adjustments

Lab ActivitiesI. Accessory interface verification

II. Tube type programmingIII. Collimator calibrationIV. Mirror calibrationV. System troubleshooting

DAY 10I. Course review

II. Course evaluationIII. Final exam



28

ACR ACCREDITATIONAND SERVICING THE LORAD MIV PLATINUM™,GE DMR,& SIEMENS MAMMOMAT 3000



IntroductionMammography may be the most dynamic ofall of today's imaging modalities. With thestrict regulatory enviroment, accreditationprocedures, and advancements in technol-ogy, the service professional is becomingmore involved in maintaining multiplevendor's mammographic systems. Thiscourse is going to cover the Laws, Regula-tions, Calibration, Service, Troubleshooting& QA of multiple vendor's mammographicequipment. Given today’s regulatory envi-ronment, maintaining the system at peakperformance is of the utmost importance.Please check the schedule for equipmentused.

ObjectivesUpon completion of this course the studentwill be able to:

• Describe the current mammographicimaging regulatory environment

• Describe the factors that affect mammo-graphic image quality

• Demonstrate an understanding of theaccreditation process

• Describe how those factors are optimizedto produce the highest quality mammo-graphic images

• Describe the basic components ofvarious manufactures mammographicunits and their functions

• Demonstrate an understanding of theMammographic Quality Standards Act

Given various manufacturer's systems beable to:

• Demonstrate an understanding ofcalibration procedures associated withvarious mammo equipment

• Perform the necessary tests to reproducethe results of the physicist's report to

confirm corrective action• Perform all system calibrations and

adjustments to maintain the highestquality images and compliance withMQSA requirements

• Evaluate circuit functions to facilitatetroubleshooting

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, the service profes-sional must possess fundamental knowledgeand understanding of the principles of X-rayand basic electronics.

Course Outline

DAY 1I. Mammography process overview

II. Basic terminologyIII. Positioning and techniqueIV. Screening vs clinical

Lab ActivitiesI. Dark room conditions

II. Sensitometric propertiesIII. Photographic densityIV. Characteristic curvesV. Screen considerations

VI. Processing

DAY 2I. Factors affecting image quality

II. ACR Mammography AccreditationProgram

III. Quality assurance in mammography

Lab ActivitiesI. Collimation

II. Compression devicesIII. Bucky/grid devicesIV. AEC trackingV. Focal spot geometry

VI. Phantom images

DAY 3I. Troubleshooting image quality

problemsII. Mammography quality control, beyond

the basicIII. 1999 Mammography Quality Standards

Act (MQSA)

Lab ActivitiesI. kVp

II. HVLIII. LinearityIV. ReproducibilityV. Glandular dose

VI. Radiation safety

DAY 4I. Introduction to systems

II. System specificationsIII. Operation

IV. System controlsV. Physical layout

VI. Using documentationVII. Using software

Lab ActivitiesI. Component location

A. Schematic locationB. Physical locationC. Connector locationsD.Fuse location/identification

II. Cover removal proceduresIII. Locating ID/Compliance labelsIV. Parts identification

29


DAY 5I. Turn-on circuits

II. Power distribution III. System block diagrams

Lab ActivitiesI. Input AC voltage adaptation

II. Power supply verificationA. AC suppliesB. DC supplies

DAY 6I. kV control


II. HV secondaryA. Feedback circuitsB. Safety circuitsC. Overload detect

III. mA controlA. @Manual kVB. @Auto kV

IV. Filament drive circuitsA. Filament controlB. Filament protectC. Grid bias

Lab ActivitiesI. kV measurement

A. InvasiveB. Non-invasive

II. Safety/Overload circuitsIII. Waveform analysisIV. kV CalibrationV. mA/mAS measurement

VI. Filament drive waveform analysisVII. mA waveform analysisVIII. mA/tube heater calibration

A. @Manual kVB. @Auto kVC. Grid bias calibration

ACR ACCREDITATION AND SERVICING THELORAD MIV PLATINUM™,GE DMR, & SIEMENS MAMMOMAT 3000CONTINUED


DAY 7I. Rotor control

A. Inverter driveB. Rotor status checks

II. Exposure controlA. ManualB. AEC

III. Patient data systemIV. Monitor

Lab ActivitiesI. AEC calibrations

A. Optical densityB. Thickness compensationC. HTC™ compensationD.grid compensationE. kV trackingF. Photocell

II. Rotor controlIII. Rotor verificationIV. Rotor waveform analysis

DAY 8I. Electromechanical systems

A. Tube support areaB. Gantry drive areaC. Film support area

Lab ActivitiesI. Thickness calibration

II. Compression force calibrationIII. Filter calibrationIV. Rotation zero calibrationV. Grid Calibration

VI. Collimator CalibrationVII. Stereoloc rotation velocity calibrationVIII. HTC™ thickness threshold

DAY 9II. Accessory interfacing

III. Tube replacementIV. Mechanical adjustments

Lab ActivitiesI. Accessory interface verification

II. Tube type programmingIII. Collimator calibrationIV. Mirror calibrationV. System troubleshooting





30


DAY 3I. Table controls

A. Table motionB. C-arm motionC. Compression motion and forceD.Drive belt adjustments

II. Lamp controlIII. Stage Controls

A. X/Y/Z axis control interfaceB. X/Y motor drive

IV. Needle alignment

Lab ActivitiesI. Table travel limits calibration

II. Stage adjustmentA. Left/Right/Up/Down/HeightB. Z-azimuthC. Breast platformD.Needle gum holders

III. X-ray feild adjustmentsIV. Final needle guidance alignment and

checksA. Pivot pontB. Compression trays

DAY 4I. DSM system

A. CCD moduleB. X486/NT/Pentium computers

II. Digital imaging theory

Lab ActivitiesI. Creating White/Black calibration maps

II. Aligning CCD module to X-ray tubeIII. Calculaing CoordinatesIV. Final alignment checksV. System troubleshootng



IntroductionUpon locating suspicious tissues during amammographic study, it may become nec-essary to conduct exploratory studies forfurther diagnosis. In an effort to minimizetrauma to the breast, minimally invasivetechniques have been developed. Small andlarge core biopsy can provide samples ofsuspect tissues. To ensure proper diagnosis,needle placement must be precise. Properalignment of the imaging system's geometricproperties and the needle guidance systemis of the highest importance. This course isdesigned to give the service professional therequired information and the hands-onskills needed to make necessary alignments,diagnose service issues and make requiredrepairs. Given the importance of this mam-mographic modality and the delicate natureof the procedure, the highest calibrationstandards must be maintained.

Objectives• Describe the performance specifica-

tions of the Multicare table

• Describe the performance specifica-tions of the needle guidance section

• Describe the performance specifica-tions of the stereoguide system

• Describe the performance specifica-tions of the digital imaging system

• Demonstrate an understanding ofthe various subsystems of the biopsysystem

• Perform the necessary performancemonitoring and quality assurancetests and performance

• Perform the necessary calibrationsand adjustments to maintain thehighest degree of accuracy for thebiopsy system

SERVICING THELORAD MULTICARE PLATINUM™ TABLE


• Evaluate circuit and system func-tions to facilitate troubleshooting

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, the service profes-sional must possess fundamental knowledgeand understanding of the principles of X-ray, Mammography and basic electronics.

Course Outline

DAY 1I. System Introduction

II. SpecificationsA. TableB. Stereo GuideC. Needle guidanceD.Digital Imaging System

III. KnobologyIV. Physical layoutV. Using system documentation

VI. System instalationVII.Turn-on and power distibution

Lab ActivitiesI. System operation

II. Cover removalIII. Component identificationIV. System installation

IV. Power supply verifications

DAY 2I. X-ray production system

A. Data portB. kV controlC. mA controlD.Rotor control

Lab ActivitiesI. Verify and calibrate kV

II. Verify and calibrate mAIII. Rotor control verificationIV. X-ray tube replacement procedure

31


SERVICING THE LORADAFFINITY™ MAMMOGRAPHICSYSTEM

Course Length: 5 daysCEUs Awarded: 3

DAY 3I. AEC Theory

II. AEC calibration

Lab ActivitiesI. Calibrate AEC

DAY 4I. Review outlined calibration procedures

II. Test PointsIII. LED's

Lab ActivitiesI. Half Value Layer

II. X-Ray to light alignmentIII. Aperture adjustmentIV. IlluminanceV. Reproducibility and Linearity checks

VI. Mechanical AdjustmentsA. Compression Force calibration



IntroductionMammography may be one of the most dy-namic of all of todays imaging modalities.New regulations, accreditation proceduresand advances in technology demand thatthe service professional have advancedskills. This course is designed to give theservice professional the insight and hands-on experience to evaluate image and func-tional problems as they relate to the Affinitysystem. Today's regulatory environment andthe need for the earliest possible diagnosis,demand that the system operate at peak per-formance.

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this course theservice professional will be able to:

• Identify the major components ofthe Affinity system.

• Describe the functional characteris-tics of each sub-system of the Affinitysystem.

• Fully install the Affinity system.

• Complete all operational tasks onthe system.

• Conduct image system evaluation toensure compliance with MQSArequirements.

• Perform all system calibrations tomaintain the highest quality imagesand MQSA compliance.

• Evaluate circuit functions to facilitatetroubleshooting.

Course Outline

DAY 1I. System Introduction

II. SpecificationsIII. KnobologyIV. Physical layoutV. Using system documentation

VI. Site Planning and Pre-stallation


II. Functional ChecksIII. Component identificationIV. Default Worksheet

IV. System installation

DAY 2I. Calibration Screens

II. Power DistributionIII. Host µPIV. Communications InterfaceV. C-Arm Safety

A. Interlock SystemVI. Power Control

Lab ActivitiesI. Covers and Panels

II. Complete System calibrationA. Verify and calibrate kVB. Verify and calibrate mAC. C-Arm calibrationD.Back-up Timer test

III. Rotor control verification


32

IntroductionDesigning, implementing, and managing aDiagnostic Imaging Capital Asset Manage-ment program can be extremely difficult.This is primarily due to the complexity of theprogram and the cooperation necessary fromthe various departments involved. As a re-sult, many managed care facilities, hospitalgroups, and service management groups areleaning toward contracted capital asset pro-grams due to time restraints in reducingcosts rather than allowing their capital assetprogram to evolve.However, hospitals that have implementedfine-tuned Capital Asset Management pro-grams are reaping the fruits of their effortsand are in position or implementingcapitated healthcare programs.This course is designed to provide hospitalmanagement, OEM managers, and mainte-nance providers with the in-depth knowl-edge necessary to start and manage a diag-nostic imaging capital asset managementprogram. It is recommended that the leadpeople involved in starting and implement-ing this program attend the same course.This seminar is specifically designed for• Radiology Administrators• Directors of Radiology• Chief Technologists• Quality Assurance Managers• Clinical/Biomedical Engineering

Managers• Lead Service Supervisors/Managers• OEM Capital Asset Managers• Third Party Service Providers• Capital Asset Management Companies

Objectives• Develop a five-year replacement plan

which complements the hospitalbusiness plan.

• Use information gathered from theprestudy material to develop thefollowing:· Start-up action plan· Cost benefit analysis· Management audit· Budget· Quality assurance action plan· Technology ownership action plan

• Define the major ten programs within anasset management program

Course Outline

DAY 1I. Overview of the diagnostic imaging

marketII. Define diagnostic imaging capital asset

managementA. Overview of the ten programs that

make up a diagnostic imaging capitalasset management system

B. Getting started1. Management audit2. Equipment audit3. Cost benefit analysis

C. Key elements of capital assetmanagement

D. Functions and roles of the depart-ment heads

III. Components of a diagnostic equipmentmaintenance programA. Preventive and emergency mainte-

nanceB. Quality controlC. Projecting annual repair costsD. Replacement projections, capital

budget, procurement

STARTING AND MANAGING ADIAGNOSTIC IMAGING CAPITALASSET MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

E. System performance and complianceF. New construction planningG.Maintaining and tracking equipment

historyH.Training and developmentI. Behavior patterns before and after

starting the program

DAY 2IV. Planning and developing a 5-year capital

replacement planA. How to prepare annual equipment

budgetsB. How to prepare capital replacement

plans and budgetsC. Bid and procurement policies and

proceduresD. Remodeling/new constructionE. 5-Step process in preparing bid

specificationsF. Analyzing the bidding processG. Acceptance testing overviewH.Process in performing acceptance

1.Installation2. Warranty3. Ongoing life cycle

V. Developing an equipment upgrade planA. Acquisition budgetB. Maintenance budget

VI. Facility requirementA. Location and sizeB. Support

DAY 3VII. Methods of managing diagnostic

imaging equipment maintenanceA. Vendor contractsB. Vendor time and materialC. Insurance companiesD. Third party serviceE. In-houseF. Shared servicesG. Selecting the right service providers


33


VIII. Analysis of three different hospitalsA. Analysis of current practicesB. Analysis of vendor contractsC. Review of vendor demand servicesD. Current in-house service practiceE. Review of asset purchasesF. Unexpected expenditures

IX. Review of maintenance requirementsand selecting the right service plan foreach diagnostic imager

X. Organizational modelA. Proven service modelsB. Cost savingsC. Roles and responsibilitiesD. Policies and procedures

XI. Key elements of an emerging technol-ogy planA. Developing department training

plans and implementationB. Developing on going information

streamC. On-site visitsD. Societies, magazines, etc.E. Research and development

XII. Establishing an action plan for effectivein-house CAM managementA. Identifying the type of equipment

maintenance requiredB. Identifying organizational chart and

staffingC. Performing radiological equipment

performance auditXIII. Developing scheduled and nonsched-

uled maintenance programsA. Developing PM schedulesB. How to analyze department reports,

film repeats, equipment utilizationC. Equipment/tools needs, quality

assurance test equipmentD. How to order vendor parts, second

source, etc.

STARTING AND MANAGING A DIAGNOSTICIMAGING CAPITAL ASSET MANAGEMENTPROGRAM CONTINUED

Seminar Length: 4 daysCEUs Awarded: 3

DAY 4XIV. Integrating the in-house groups into

the capital asset management programA. RelationshipsB. ResponseC. On callD. OvertimeE. Working hours

XV. StaffingA. Selection/interviewingB. Technical skills inventoryC. Training and developmentD. Job descriptionsE. SalariesF. Level of expectationG. Percentage of in-house vs. demand

vs. contractedH.P.A.R.A. theory


34

IntroductionHospitals are moving quickly into a digitaland filmless world of information. Innova-tions in technology that are providing betterand faster image diagnosis are rapidly show-ing up in all areas of diagnostic imaging . As amanager in radiology or biomedical engi-neering, you need to become more familiarwith the trends in computer/informationnetworking, DICOM standards, and digitalpatient archiving.This course is designed to provide hospitalmanagement, OEM managers, and mainte-nance providers with the in-depth knowl-edge necessary to start and manage a diag-nostic imaging capital asset managementprogram. It is recommended that the leadpeople involved in starting and implement-ing this program attend the same course.The course is recommended for:• Radiology administrators• Directors of radiology• Chief technologists• Quality assurance managers• Clinical/biomedical engineering managers• Lead service supervisors• OEM capital asset managers• Third party service providers

Objectives• Understand general network architecture• Understand advanced network architecture• Understand primary functions of TCP/IP

and why it works in a hospital environment• Recognize the key components of a

DICOM conformance statement• Recognize and understand the terminol-

ogy used in DICOM, PACS, and computertechnology

NETWORKING, DICOM, PACSFOR CAPITAL ASSET MANAGERS

• Understand the DICOM standard and itsimportance to PACS, RIS, and HIS

• Learn history of patient archiving and thetransition to PACS

• Apply the benefits of going filmless,while managing the growth of PACS inyour facility

• Stay abreast of new developments inPACS and new technology

Course OutlineDAY 1

Introduction to NetworkingI. Two major types of networks

A. Peer-to-peerB. Server based

II. Network design (basic topologies)A. BusB. RingC. Star

III. Networking cablingA. CoaxB. Twisted pairC. Fiber opticsD. PDPM-wireless for DICOM

IV. Network interoperabilityA. OSI model

1. Layers2. Additions to the layers

B. Protocols1. TCP/IP

C. Network operating systemsIV. Network administration

A. Security1. Local vs. network2. Peer-to-peer vs. centralized3. File systems

IV. Advanced WAN technologiesA. ATMB. FDDI

DAY 2

Introduction to DICOMI. History of DICOM

A. ACR/NEMA 1.0B. ACR/NEMA 2.0C. DICOM 3.0

II. DICOM interoperabilityA. DICOM modelB. DICOM IODs

1. Modality worklistC. DICOM conformance statementsD.Integration testing

III. DICOM standard implementationA. HIS/RIS interoperabilityB. Structured reporting

IV. DICOM issuesA. Manufacturer issuesB. Regulatory issuesC. Technical issues

V. Display standardA. Image consistencyB. LUTs (Look up tables)C. Monitor mapping, calibration and

brightnessVI. Current problems with DICOM

Note: Students will receive the Microsoft Certification study guides and CD ROMs.


35


DAY 3

Introduction to PACSI. History of PACS

A. Early entrantsB. Standardization effortsC. Federal government and PACS

II. OEMs and evolution of PACsA. GE/IBMB. ATT/PhilipsC. SiemensD. Other OEMs

III. PACS as a strategic investment forhospitalsA. Cost justificationB. Facility integrationC. System integration

IV. Digital imagingA. Modalities

V. ArchivingA. WORM optical driveB. TapeC. MOD

VI. Communication methodsA. Telephone lines (POTS)B. Networking (LAN/WAN)C. Microwave

VII. Methods of implementationA. Department wide PACSB. Hospital wide PACSC. Mini PACSD. Inter-institutional PACS

VIII. Acceptance criteria for PACSA. Defining performance objectivesB. Acceptance of test criteriaC. Examples of acceptance criteriaD. Developing system expectations

NETWORKING, DICOM, PACSFOR CAPITAL ASSET MANAGERS

DAY 4I. Overview of the diagnostic imaging

marketII. Define diagnostic imaging capital asset

managementA. Overview of the ten programs that

make up a diagnosticimaging capitalasset management system

B. Getting started1. Management audit2. Equipment audit3. Cost benefit analysis

C. Key elements of capital assetmanagement

D. Functions and roles of the depart-ment heads

DAY 5I. Planning and developing a 5-Year

capital replacement planA. How to prepare capital replacement

plans and budgetsB. Bid and procurement policies and

proceduresC. Remodeling/new constructionD. 5-Step process in preparing bid

specificationsE. Analyzing the bidding processF. Acceptance testing overviewG. Process in performing acceptance

1. installation2. warranty3. ongoing life cycle

II. Overall ReviewIII. Final Exam



36


SERVICING DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND:ACUSON SEQUOIA, HP 5500,AND ATL HDI 5000


IntroductionThis course covers the principles of ultra-sound with specific focus on the mainte-nance of the Acuson Sequoia, HP 5500 andATL HDI 5000.

ObjectivesAt the completion of this course, partici-pants will be able to:• Demonstrate an understanding of the

physics of sound• Demonstrate an understanding of basic

ultrasound theory• Identify the characteristics of acoustic

waves• Describe the parts of a basic ultrasound

scanner• Identify signal flow and label system

block diagrams• Understand image quality as it pertains to

ultrasound• Perform QA checks• Demonstrate the operations of the HP

5500, ATL 5000 and Acuson Sequoia• Understand theory of operation of the HP

5500, ATL 5000 and Acuson Sequoia• Perform PM checks on various ultrasound

machines• Perform networking and DICOM setup• Troubleshoot an ultrasound scanner• Identify probes and their uses

Course OutlineDAY 1

I. Introduction to ultrasoundA. Overview of ultrasound in medicineB. History

II. Physics of soundA. Sound wavesB. Interactions of sound waves and

matterC. Wave motion

III. TransducersA. ConstructionB. Uses

IV. Modes of operationA. 2D-modeB. M-modeC. Doppler

1. Color2. Spectral

V. ApplicationsA. RadiologyB. CardiologyC. VascularD. OB/GYN

DAY 2I. Basic ultrasound scanner and controls

A. System block diagram1. Beamformer2. Transmitter3. Receiver4. Scan conversion5. Output6. Power

B. Basic scanning of the bodyC. Image Quality

1. Axial resolution2. Lateral resolution3. Dynamic range

DAY 3I. Introduction to the HP 5500, ATL 5000

and Acuson SequoiaA. Theory of operationB. ControlsC. System architecture

Lab ActivitiesI. Operation and functional checks

DAY 4I. Block diagrams

A. Signal flowB. 2 D/M modesC. Doppler (spectral)D. Doppler (color)

Lab ActivitiesI. Scanning session

DAY 5

Lab ActivitiesI. Disassembly, parts location and

identification and reassembly

DAY 6I. Power supplies analysis

A. TheoryB. Block diagrams

Lab ActivitiesI. Power supply checks and test points

DAY 7I. Diagnostic tools and menus

A. LEDs and test pointsB. Laptop connections

DAY 8I. DICOM and Networking

A. Conformance statement basicsB. Networking basicsC. DICOM basics

Lab ActivitiesI. Perform networking setup and verify

operationsII. Perform DICOM setup and verify

operations

DAY 9I. PM procedures

II. QA procedures

Lab ActivitiesI. Perform a PM on each system

II. Perform a phantom QA for each system

DAY 10I. Review

II. Final Exam and review

37


IntroductionThe Integris (Integrated Imaging System) is asophisticated diagnostic imaging system con-sisting of either a H1000 or H3000 generalcardiovascular unit integrated with the PolyC2 positioning system. The Integris consistsof four major subsystems that include geom-etry, image detection, viewing and systemcoordination. This course is designed tocover the overall system, theory of opera-tion, calibration and troubleshooting.

Objectives:At the conclusion of the class, studentshould be able to:• Describe the Philips Integris V3000

system operation• Perform block analysis and trouble-

shooting on subsystem level• Calibrate system

PrerequisitesRSTI's Phases I-III and Servicing the PhilipsCP Family of Generators or equivalent expe-rience is required.

Course OutlineDAY 1

I. IntroductionII. System configuration

A. System overviewB. Subsystem overview

a. GECO – Geometryb. IDSC – Image detectionc. VISUB – Viewingd. SYSCO – System coordination

III. Integris V/H capabilities

Lab ActivitiesI. Understanding Philips documentation

II. Review system documentationIII. Subsystem layoutIV. Overall system operation

DAY 2I. Integris communication

A. LANsB. CANsC. SDL 4D. Signal bus

II. SYSCO communicationsA. Acquisition coordinatorB. Peripheral control CPUC. Signal busD. Puck interface

PHILIPS INTEGRISE. RoomerviceF. Hub boardG. Acquisition console

Lab ActivitiesI. SYSCO

A. Board LED statusB. Test software controlackage

a. TCOP basicb. TCOP main menu

DAY 3I. Integris communications (cont.)

A. Communications overviewB. SYNCRA NETC. CANsD. SDLE. V24F. Roan service busG. GSB

I. System data communicationA. Overall block diagram

a. Viewingb. X-ray generationc. II/TVd. Table/steppere. Geometry

Lab ActivitiesI. Signal/bus tests

A. Power on/standbyB. Prep for fluoroC. Fluoro/cont fluoroD. RAD

DAY 4I. System controller (SYSCO)

A. Introduction & technical dataB. InstallationC. System diagramD. ProgrammingE. Analysis

Lab ActivitiesI. Inter connections

II. Acquisition consoleIII. Power on/off unitIV. Fault finding

DAY 5I. Geometry coordinator (GECO)

A. FunctionB. Block analysisC. TCOP menu

Lab ActivitiesI. GECO software

A. Fault findingB. ProgrammingC. Adjustments

DAY 6I. Image detection (IDSC)

A. FunctionsB. Block analysisC. Imaging chain

II. IDSCA. Error logB. AdjustmentsC. Acquisition

Lab ActivitiesI. System dose calibration

II. TV adjustments

DAY 7I. Viewing system

A. VISUB functionsB. Block analysisC. Error log analysis

II. OptionsIII. Image processingIV. TCOP

Lab ActivitiesI. SSIT test runs

II. Quintessence shellIII. File managementIV. VCCOM

DAY 8I. Optimus

A. FunctionsB. BlockC. Circuit power

Lab ActivitiesI. Generatoralibration

II. Circuit analysis

DAY 9I. OMCP – Cont.

A. InterfaceB. Diagnostics

Lab ActivitiesI. Troubleshooting

II. Diagnostics

DAY 10I. Review

II. Final examIII. Graduation




38

SERVICING THE PHILIPS CP FAMILY OFGENERATORS: SUPER CP,OPTIMUS CP, OM 2000



IntroductionThe Philips OEM CP Family course includesdetailed theory of operation, installation andcalibration of Philips CP generators. Systemscovered in this course include Philips SuperCP, OM 2000 and Optimus CP.

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, students must havecompleted Phase IV or have equivalent expe-rience through on-the-job training. The ser-vice professional must also possess a goodworking knowledge of computer concepts,addressing, and associated support circuits.

Objectives• Describe circuit operation of Philips CP

generator systems• Perform complete calibration of Philips

CP generators• Troubleshoot Philips systems• Perform all steps necessary to change

X-ray tubes on Philips CP generator

Course Outline

DAY 1I. Philips CP generators

A. CP System overview1. Block diagrams2. Software/firmware

B. Hardware programming1. Tube selection2. Image receptor selection3. AEC options

C. Switch settingsD. System communications

Lab ActivitiesI. Component identification

II. Signal tracingIII. Software/firmware verificationIV. Hardware programming

A. VerificationB. Manipulation

V. Translating CPU buss error codes

DAY 2I. Philips CP generators (continued)

A. System logicB. software operationC. diagnostics

II. kV circuit operation

Lab ActivitiesI. Software checkout

II. kV calibrationIII. Waveform analysisIV. HV circuit trouble shooting

DAY 3I. mA circuit operation

A. Tube adaptationB. filament calibration requirements

II. PhototimingA. AEC/RADB. AEC/photospot and cineC. AEC/digital capturesD. Brightness stabilization

Lab ActivitiesI. mA calibration

II. Filament drive calibrationA. Standby levelB. BoostC. Dose rate controls

III. Waveform analysisIV. Filament control troubleshooting

DAY 4I. Rotor controls

A. YA groupB. YC extensionC. YD extensionD. YG continuous high speed

Lab ActivitiesI. Rotor control setup

II. Waveform analysisIII. Rotor control troubleshootingIV. X-ray tube change requirements

A. Tube prom selectionsB. Rotor connectionsC. Oil cooler

V. Oil cooler maintenance


II. Final exam

Note: This is a prerequisite for the PhilipsIntegris Cath Lab course and can be takenin conjunction with it as the first week of a3-week program.

39


CRES ModuleStudy Structure

The Certification of RadiologicalEquipment Specialist (CRES) isformal recognition by the InternationalCertification Commission (ICC) that youhave demonstrated theoretical, as well aspractical knowledge of the principles ofradiological equipment technology. Suchrecognition results from successfulcompletion of a written examination.To assist you in the preparation for thisexam, RSTI has developed a dynamicnew training approach that includes acomprehensive review of all subjectscovered on the exam.

CRES REVIEW

Self-Study Package

The Certified RadiologicalEquipment Specialist (CRES)Training Programis an advanced criterion referencedinstruction training program specificallydesigned to review the major subjectareas covered on the exam. Thissegment consists of nine learningmodules; each module becomes a self-learning tutorial with its own set ofterminal objectives and core learningmaterial. The modules consist ofnumerous sections that includeresource material, programmedinstruction, and criterion test items.

• Complete Nine Module ReferencedInstruction Self-Study Program

• Includes 15 Sets ofReference Documentation

- Anatomy/physiology

- Radiologic physics

- Electricity/electronics

- Radiographic equipmentApplications

- Regulations/laws

• Complete set of practice exams andquestions

Available upon request


40

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHYDEVELOPMENT SERIES

procedures. Level I may be waived byanyone who is already fully qualified onone CT and is cross training to another.

Level II covers the calibration, trouble-shooting, and detailed theory ofoperation for the gantry, table, and X-raysystems. The labs comprise approxi-mately 70% of the course including acomplete X-ray tube change.

Level III completes the series bycovering the detailed calibration andtroubleshooting procedures for the dataacquisition and computer systems. Theemphasis is on image evaluation andartifact troubleshooting using theavailable diagnostic software.

The CT systems used in the labs includeGeneral Electric and Picker units. Alsoavailable are a General Electric MPX

X-ray control and a Data General S140computer system for those studentsspecializing on the GE9800, GE9800Q,and Highlight system.

Each course participant will receive adocumentation package which includes:

• Class manual

• Lab manual

• Course handouts


• Troubleshooting procedures

• Block diagrams

Parts, parts contracts, technical support,and back-up support are availablethrough the RSTI User Network (RUN).Call (440) 349-4700 for details.

The CT training series is dividedinto three, two-week courses titledLevel I, Level II, and Level III. After

completion of the full series, serviceprofessionals can expect to perform atleast 95% of the CT servicing the firstyear, including all normal maintenance,PM’s, and tube changes.

Level I is designed for the serviceprofessional with less than one year ofCT servicing experience. Covered in thecourse are the basic CT concepts of backprojection, convolving, algorithms, scan/raw data, X-ray principles, computerfundamentals, array processors, matrixsize, etc. Lab exercises place emphasison proper operation, safety, verificationof system performance, troubleshootingto a major subsystem, software backup,and performance of first level PM

41



PRINCIPLES OF SERVICINGCOMPUTED TOMOGRAPHYSYSTEMS (LEVEL I)IntroductionPrinciples of Servicing Computed Tomogra-phy Systems is designed for the new serviceprofessional. It teaches all the cognitive skillsnecessary to understand the CT system andits application to the medical industry.The program is divided into seven major ar-eas:• Basic CT principles• Safety procedures• System operation• Verification of system specifications• Backing up software• Troubleshooting to major subsystems• Preventive maintenanceThe course contains lecture, demonstration,and hands-on training, which teach partici-pants proper operation, calibration, and pre-ventive maintenance of the CT system. Uponcompletion of the course, the student will beable to perform first-level service on thecomputed tomography system.

PrerequisitesRecommended completion of Phase I or aservice background and two year associate’sdegree in electronics or equivalent serviceexperience.

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this course, participantswill:• Have a thorough understanding of CT

principles and image production• Follow safety procedures for patients,

physicians, and individuals• Be able to load and back up system and

diagnostic software• Be able to completely operate the CT

system including local operation• Troubleshoot to the major subsystem

level• Perform preventive maintenance

Course Outline


A. Overview of CT1. What is it2. Advantages/disadvantages3. Different generations of scanners4. Detector differences

II. CT principlesA. Matrix sizesB. CT numbersC. Window width and levelD.Slice thicknessE. CollimatorsF. Algorithm

Lab ActivitiesI. Proper power up and power down

proceduresII. Location of E-stop/emergency off

switchesIII. Booting computer into scan softwareIV. Measurement of power requirementsV. X-ray tube warm up procedure

DAY 2I. CT principles (continued)

A. CT X-ray principlesB. Sampling rates and number of

detectorsC. Back projectionD. Attenuation coefficientsE. Tomographic blurringF. Scan parametersG. Noise/algorithmsH. Image manipulation techniques

1. Standard deviation2. Isodensity3. Region of interest4. Multiviewing of images

II. Simplified block diagram

Lab ActivitiesI. Introduction to scanning software

operationII. Pilot/scout scans

III. Scanner parameter manipulationIV. Patient transport operation

DAY 3I. Computer fundamentals review

A. CPU/memory/input, outputB. DMA transfersC. Special CT applications

II. CT imaging principlesA. Filtered back projectionB. Air calibration–why needed

1. Pilot/scout scans2. Normal scan

C. Spectrum correction

Lab ActivitiesI. Scanner parameter manipulation

(continued)II. Technique selection/application

DAY 4I. System hardware overview–block

diagramA. Power distribution block diagramB. X-ray system block diagramC. Gantry block diagramD. Patient transport block diagramE. Data acquisition block diagramF. Computer block diagram

Lab ActivitiesI. Major component locations

II. Major signal flowA. kV/mAB. Detector dataC. Motor feedbacks



42


PRINCIPLES OF SERVICING COMPUTEDTOMOGRAPHY SYSTEMS (LEVEL I) CONTINUED

DAY 5I. Types and uses of phantoms

A. Spatial resolutionB. Contrast resolutionC. LinearityD.CT numbers of water equal to zeroE. Slice thickness

II. Manufacturers’ specification

Lab ActivitiesI. Verification of manufacturers’

specificationA. LinearityB. CT numberC. Spatial/contrast resolution

DAY 6I. Backing up software

A. Scan softwareB. Diagnostic softwareC. ImagesD. Raw data

II. Loading software onto a CT systemA. How to do a “cold” bootB. Minimum diagnostics hardware

Lab ActivitiesI. Make back-up tapes

II. Load software

DAY 7I. Operate subsystem locally

A. X-ray subsystemB. Gantry subsystemC. Computer subsystemD.Data acquisition subsystem

II. Introduction to system troubleshooting

Lab ActivitiesI. Operation of all subsystems locally

II. Location of problems to majorsubsystems

DAY 8I. System troubleshooting (continued)

A. Recognizing and localizing problemsB. Most common problems to watch for

II. Introduction to P.M.A. What constitutes a P.M.B. How often should they be performed


DAY 9I. Preventive maintenance

A. Items to do every weekB. Items to do every monthC. Items to do every quarterD.Equipment needed to do a P.M.

Lab ActivitiesI. Perform PM procedures




43



ADVANCED COMPUTEDTOMOGRAPHY SYSTEMSMAINTENANCE (LEVEL II)IntroductionAdvanced Computed Tomography SystemMaintenance is a skills development coursedesigned as a continuation of Principles ofServicing Computed Tomography Systems(Level I). Through attending this course, theservice professional will become self-confi-dent in working on the gantry, patient trans-port, and X-ray portions of the CT system.

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, the service profes-sional must have good knowledge of CTphysics and procedures gained through at-tendance at the RSTI Principles of ServicingComputed Tomography Systems (Level I)course or equivalent experience.

ObjectivesFollowing attendance at the course, regis-trants will be able to:• Calibrate all the hardware associated with

the gantry, patient transport, and X-rayportions of the CT system

• Troubleshoot the hardware associatedwith the gantry, patient transport, andX-ray portions to the circuit/componentlevel

• Troubleshoot the scanning sequence• Change the X-ray tube and recalibrate

Course OutlineDAY 1

I. IntroductionA. Gantry block diagram reviewB. Patient transport block diagram

II. Scan sequenceA. Detailed timing procedureB. Steps which can be checked easiest

Lab ActivitiesI. Scan sequence

A. Location and measurementsII. Troubleshooting the scan sequence

DAY 2I. Gantry block diagram review

II. Gantry circuit diagramA. Tilt motor

B. Beam shutter circuitryC. Beam filters/collimatorsD. Main gantry drive circuitry

Lab ActivitiesI. Advanced local operation techniques

II. Introduction to gantry calibrationA. Gantry speed adjustmentsB. Tilt angle measurement/adjustmentC. Limit switch adjustment

DAY 3I. Gantry circuit diagram (continued)

A. Gantry positioning circuitryB. Laser alignment

Lab ActivitiesI. Calibration (continued)

A. Gantry positioningB. Laser alignmentC. Limit switches

II. Troubleshooting of gantryA. Most common problemsB. Troubleshooting

DAY 4I. Patient transport

II. Patient transport circuit diagramA. Horizontal positioning and driveB. Vertical drive circuitryC. Display hardware

III. Calibration of all couch parameters

Lab ActivitiesI. Patient transport

A. Calibration/specifications1. Troubleshooting

B. Most common problems1. Troubleshooting

DAY 5I. Patient transport (continued)

A. Functional checksB. Tests/exercises

Lab ActivitiesI. Table exercise tests

II. Hardware and software checks

DAY 6I. Changing the X-ray tube

A. Axial/in-out centeringB. Lateral/side-to-side centeringC. kV/mA adjustments

Lab ActivitiesI. Change X-ray tube

II. X-ray tube adjustments

DAY 7I. X-ray subsystem

A. kV control hardware1. Primary voltage selection

a. Compensation for mAb. Compensation for line

2. Secondary regulation3. kV measurements

B. mA control hardware1. Filament control2. Focal spot selection3. Preheats4. Filament/real mA feedback

Lab ActivitiesI. Local and remote mA and kV operation

II. mA calibrationA. Preheat adjustmentB. Standby current adjustmentsC. Real mA selection adjustments

III. kV calibrationA. kV measurementB. H.V. primary adjustmentC. H.V. secondary adjustment

DAY 8I. X-ray subsystem (continued)

A. Timer control hardware1. Remote and local control2. Time measurement

B. Rotor controller circuitryC. X-ray indicators and faults

Lab ActivitiesI. Rotor controller calibration

A. Start-to-run controlII. X-ray subsystem troubleshooting

DAY 9I. System troubleshooting techniques






44


ADVANCED COMPUTEDTOMOGRAPHY IMAGINGMAINTENANCE (LEVEL III)IntroductionAdvanced Computed Tomography ImagingMaintenance provides a comprehensive ap-proach to servicing the data acquisition andimaging portions of computed tomographywith emphasis on system performance andimage evaluation. Each subsystem of the im-aging chain is analyzed, and methods for op-timizing the image are applied. Participantswill also learn to run all of the diagnosticprograms available.

PrerequisitesFor this course, the service professionalmust have good fundamental knowledge ofCT physics and procedures gained throughattendance at the RSTI Advanced ComputedTomography System Maintenance course(Level II) or equivalent experience.

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this course, participantswill be able to:• Perform all hardware and software

calibration procedures of the imagingportion of CT

• Troubleshoot image artifacts• Use proper test equipment to evaluate

system performance• Run diagnostics

Course OutlineDAY 1

I. Image sequence and data acquisitionA. Hardware

1. Detectors2. I to F converter3. Multiplexing circuitry4. Data manipulation5. Image reconstruction circuitry6. Video graphics generator7. Display

Lab ActivitiesI. Physical layout of acquisition system

II. Interpret scan/raw data

DAY 2I. Raw data

A. What is correct raw dataB. What it should look likeC. How to access itD. Finding bad detectorsE. Diagnostic programs

II. How to get around bad detectors

Lab ActivitiesI. Raw data manipulation programs

II. Finding and removing bad detectors

DAY 3I. Image sequence/data acquisition

A. Image artifacts1. Line and ring artifacts2. Troubleshooting techniques

B. Waveforms of major signalsC. Data acquisition without X-rays

Lab ActivitiesI. Artifact creation and interpretation

II. Finding bad channels and detectors

DAY 4I. Data acquisition troubleshooting

A. Image processing step separationB. Introduction to image artifacts

Lab ActivitiesI. Raw data acquisition troubleshooting

II. Referencing CT # of water to zero

DAY 5I. Half value layer optimizing

II. Introduction to data flow within theimage processing system

Lab ActivitiesI. Measurement of HVL

II. Optimizing data acquisition systemIII. Software steps prior to BP

DAY 6I. Computer hardware subsystem

A. Power suppliesB. Board layoutC. Backplane optionsD. Routine computer maintenance

Lab ActivitiesI. Power supply adjustments

II. Interrupt chain manipulationIII. Minimum hardware

DAY 7I. Image processing

A. Image processing hardware overview1. Interfacing circuitry2. Array processor3. Backprojector

B. Troubleshooting techniques1. Restrapping2. Voltage measurements3. Signals to monitor4. Swapping boards

II. Computer tests and diagnostics

Lab ActivitiesI. Re-addressing of boards

II. Image processing voltage measure-ments

III. Board swapping techniquesIV. Computer diagnostics

DAY 8I. Image processing (continued)

A. Reconstruction diagnostics1. AP diagnostics2. BP diagnostics3. Interface diagnostics

B. Image artifact correlationII. Image display control circuitry

A. Video graphic generators1. RAMTEK/DEANZA/GAIDS

B. Monitors

Lab ActivitiesI. Run all image reconstruction diagnos-

tics; interpret resultsII. Use diagnostics to troubleshoot image

artifactsIII. VGG diagnosticsIV. Display control diagnostics and tests


A. Image artifact troubleshootingB. System error codes

Lab ActivitiesI. Troubleshooting the entire CT system




45



PRINCIPLES OF SERVICINGMAGNETIC RESONANCEIMAGING SYSTEMS

IntroductionPrinciples of Servicing Magnetic ResonanceImaging Systems is a hands-on course de-signed for both the technologist actively in-volved with MRI and those charged withaligning and servicing this equipment. Theservice professional requires a well-balancedoverview of the physics underlying MR imageacquisition to help support the MR operator.The class is allowed hands-on operation of a1.0 Tesla superconducting MRI system withcalibration and alignment workshops. Thiscourse provides facilities planning to opti-mize their equipment uptime with provenmaintenance strategies.

PrerequisitesTo attend this course an understanding ofbasic electronics is recommended.

Course OutlineI. Introduction

A. History of MRIB. Capabilities

1. Present2. Future - Functional MRI, real time

imaging, etc.II. MRI System Block Diagram

A. Radio frequency systemB. Magnet systemC. Gradient SystemD. Computer System

III. Safety considerations for MRIA. Patient contra-indicationsB. Safety issues for the technician

1. Maximum static field strength2. Maximum gradient field strength3. SAR RF deposition levels for the

head and body4. Cryogen handling techniques

C. Emergency magnet rundown unit1. Magnet quench2. Oxygen monitoring system

D.Dangers of projectiles around themagnet

E. Personal property managementaround the magnetic field

Lab ActivitiesI. Tour of the MRI Suite

A. Overview of the system hardwareB. Establishment of the 5 Gauss

boundaryC. Demonstration of MRI test scan

DAY 2I. MRI Physics

A. Properties of precessing nuclei in amagnetic field

B. Larmor frequencyC. Magnetic field strength measurement

unitsD. Resonance and excitation selectionE. Glossary of MRI terms

II. MRI parametersA. Fundamental concepts in MRIB. Introduction to T1C. Measurement of magnetization and

the T1 relaxation curveD. Echoes and introduction to T2E. Combined effects of T1 and T2

relaxationF. The chemical shift

Lab ActivitiesI. Component location and identification

II. Operation for system start-up andshutdown

III. Entering scan parameters at operator’sconsole

DAY 3I. The imaging process

A. Slice excitationB. Slice selection

1. Transverse, sagittal, coronal2. Factors affecting slice width3. Phase shifts across the slice

C. Spatial encoding the magnetic fieldD.Introduction to gradients

II. MRI imaging methodsA. Single pointB. Sensitive line techniqueC. Planar

1. Back projection2. Two dimensional Fourier

transformation3. 2D-FT imaging with varying phase

encoding stepsD. Multi-slice imaging

III. MRI image reconstruction and imagegrey scaleA. Fourier transformation and “K” spaceB. Readout gradient, preparation

gradient, and image resolutionC. ContrastD. Number of acquisitions and scan

timeE. Averaging and reduced (smart

averaging) acquisition strategies

Lab ActivitiesI. System operation–taking a scan

II. Measurements of scan parametersA. S/N ratioB. Phantom dimensionsC. Flood field uniformityD. Slice thickness measurements

DAY 4I. MRI scan sequencesA. Spin-echo pulse sequences

1. Multi-echo pulse sequences2. Phase correcting the spin echo

sequence3. Image contrast

B. Inversion recovery1. Fat suppression2. Image contrast (T1/T2 weighted)

C. Proton density (Rho) sequencesD. How to quantify the degree of T1,

T2, and proton density weighting



46

PRINCIPLES OF SERVICING MAGNETICRESONANCE IMAGING SYSTEMS (CONTINUED)



A. Mathematical toolsB. Tissue time constants and image

contrastD. Saturation recovery scan techniquesE. Reduced-flip-angle SE imaging

II. Introduction to fast imaging techniquesA. Partial flip angles and shortened TRB. Gradient reversal echoesC. 3D imaging techniquesF. Technical aspects

1. Shielded gradients2. Signal-to-noise ratios3. Synthesizing data processes

Lab ActivitiesI. Oscilloscope waveform lab–observing

the FIDII. Waveform lab

A. Gradient waveforms of the spin echosequence

B. T2* waveforms and X, Y, Z offsetsD. Shimming

1. Iron2. Electrical

III. Systems operations for scanning in thethree imaging planes

IV. Drawing the gradient waveforms forphase compensation

DAY 5I. Magnets

A. Resistive, superconducting, andpermanent types

B. Cryogen transfers and boil-offcalculations.

C. Field plots and homogeneitycalculationD. Shimming1. Iron2. Electrical

E. Eddy Current compensationF. Ramping a superconductive magnet

to field

Lab ActivitiesI. Magnet filling

II. Clearing ice blocks labIII. Emergency run down unit testIV. Weekly review

DAY 6I. Quiz and review

II. Gradient systemA. Gradient coil theoryB. Gradient circuitry theory

Lab ActivitiesI. Centering the gradient coil

II. Troubleshooting the gradient systemIII. Shimming with the gradientsIV. Eddy current compensation adjustment

lab

DAY 7I. Radio frequency system

A. Transmitter section1. Modulation and bandwidth2. Gain, dB, dBm3. Transmission lines and SWR

measurements4. Impedance matching

II. CalibrationA. Transmitter section

1. Modulation2. Gain3. SAR

Lab ActivitiesI. RF transmitter lab

II. Tuning and matching the body coilIII. Low level RF input checksIV. High level RF output checks

DAY 8I. RF receiver section

A. DemodulationB. Quadrature phase detection theoryC. Gain balance, real and imaginaryD. Preamp gain measurements

1. SNR2. Nyquist noise theory

Lab ActivitiesI. Tuning and matching the coils

A. QD headB. BodyC. SurfaceD. Extremity

II. Measuring the Q and SNR of the coils

DAY 9I. Special servicing problems of MRI

systemsA. Site requirementsB. Special test equipmentC. Installation of MRI equipment

II. Troubleshooting by system blocks

Lab ActivitiesI. RF spectrometer lab

A. RF shielding measurementsB. Quadrature coil checksC. RF traps checks

II. Troubleshooting labA. Image artifacts

1. Line and point-mirrored ghosts2. Discretes3. Zippers, popcorn, etc.

B. QA evaluation

DAY 10I. Raw data analysis

II. Course reviewIII. Final written examIV. Final course evaluation

47


MULTI-PRODUCT C-ARM TRAINING

OEC 9600/9800Course Outline


A. Course ObjectivesB. System

1. Major components2. Configurations3. Documentation

II. System operationA. C-arm controls

1. X-ray subsystem2. I.I., collimator and CCD camera controls3. Mechanical systems

B. Workstation controlsIII. Physical layout and component identification


A. Fluoroscopic modes1. Low dose2. High dose3. Boost

B. Radiographic modeC. Patient data inputD.Recall stored imagesE. Collimator controlsF. TV/ II controls

II. Physical layout and component IDA. Covers and panelsB. Power suppliesC. Circuit boardsD. Battery removalE. X-Ray tube removal and installationF. I.I. removal and replacementG. Mechanical systems

DAY 2I. AC Power Distribution

II. DC Power DistributionIII. Batteries and charger

Lab ActivitiesI. Power supply verifications

II. Battery charger calibrationIII. Battery charger test points and

waveforms

DAY 3I. System communications

II. InterlocksIII. Calibration software interface

A. Level 2 softwareB. Using RUT and RUS

Lab ActivitiesI. Verify ARCNET communication

II. Initialize calibration modes for 9600III. RUT or RUS communication

A.Calibration screensB. LoggingC.Calibration process

IV. Connect external system monitorsV. Connect external keyboard

DAY 4I. X-ray generator

A. Stator power and controlB. Pre-chargeC. X-ray On, X-ray DisableD.High voltage controlE. Filament/ mA control

Lab ActivitiesI. Verify stator operation

II. Pre-charge testIII. Verify x-ray enable signals

DAY 5

Lab ActivitiesI. Calibrate x-ray generator

II. High voltage test points and waveformsIII. Filament/mA control test points and

waveformsIV. Max “R” adjustment

IntroductionThis course is designed to provide the ad-vanced service professional with the skillsand knowledge to maintain the OEC 9600and OEC 9800 at the highest state of readi-ness. All adjustments will be discussed to es-tablish optimum performance criteria.Theory and hands on sessions will developthe skills necessary to troubleshoot systemfailures and restore it to operation.

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, the service profes-sional must have good fundamental knowl-edge and understanding of the principlesgained through attendance at our Phase I,Phase II, and Phase III X-ray courses orequivalent field experience.

ObjectivesAt the completion of this course participantswill be able to:• Operate the OEC 9600 and OEC 9800• Identify all systems, subsystems and

components of the OEC 9600 and OEC9800

• Verify power supplies for accuracy andfunction

• Service and calibrate system batteries andcharger circuits

• Utilize all communication interfaces tocalibrate and evaluate the systems

• Evaluate the performance of the X-raygenerator, imaging and workstationsections of each system

• Calibrate and adjust all components ofthe X-ray generator, imaging chain andworkstation

• Utilize all diagnostic indicators totroubleshoot system failures

• Restore the system to proper functionalstate following a system failure

• Evaluate and repair mechanical systems• Load system software




48

DAY 6I. Imaging system components

A. X-ray tube1. Central ray adjustment2. Filtration

B. Image/Fluoro Functions ControlPCB’s1. Collimator control

a. Collimator iris size and centerb. Semi-transparent leafs

i. Widthii.Rotation

2. Image intensifiera. Size controlb. Focusing

3. Cameraa. Centeringb. Focusc. TV camera iris

4. Thermoelectric cooling

Lab ActivitiesI.HVL measurementII.Central ray adjustmentIII.Collimator centeringIV.Collimator size tracking calibrationV.Verify and adjust II viewed fieldVI.I.I. focus adjustment

DAY 7I. Dose/ brightness control

A. Video pathB. Brightness control processingC. Iris adjustment

Lab ActivitiesI. TV camera focus

II. TV camera center adjustmentIII. TV camera rotation adjustmentIV. TEC verification and adjustmentV. TV camera iris adjustment

DAY 8I. Image display

A. Image Processor1. Image manipulation

a. Window/Levelb. Subtraction

2. Noise suppressiona. Motion Artifact Suppression

B. Video distribution board1. Video input2. High resolution video output3. Standard resolution video output

C. MonitorsD.Touch screen

II. Image storageA. Single diskB. 2/4 disk cine

III. Mechanical systemsA. Flip flopB. Orbital motionC. Wig wag motionD.Horizontal cross arm motionE. L-ArmF. Vertical liftG.Steering and breaking

Lab ActivitiesI. Monitor adjustments

II. Image centeringIII. Enable/disable MASIV. Capture and evaluate subtraction

imagesV. Vertical lift drive tests

VI. Wig wag adjustmentVII. Mechanical evaluation

MULTI-PRODUCT C-ARM TRAINING

OEC 9600/9800 CONTINUED

DAY 9I. Diagnostics

A. Error messagesB. LED displaysC. Bar graphsD.Seven segment displaysE. VGA monitor “debug” screensF. Status monitorG.Status/Error logs

II. System software installation

Lab ActivitiesI. Evaluate for diagnosis

A. LED functionsB. Bar graphsC. Seven segment displays

II. Use “debug” monitor verify systemoperation

III. View status logsIV. View error logsV. Reload system software

VI. System troubleshooting

DAY 10I. System reviewII. Course Evaluation



NOTE: Due to copyright issues, students are required to purchase and bring to class a copy of OEC's ServiceDocumentation CD, P/N 00-88027-08. To order this CD, Please call (800)874-7378.

49


IntroductionMedical Laser Imagers have become a staplein many medical imaging departmentssince their introduction in 1984. With theincreased use of CR and DR added to thealready high output of MRI, CT andUltrasound departments the use of drylasers and the demands placed on theseunits is increasing. The trained serviceprofessional will be taught the skillsnecessary for mechanical,electromechanical and electronicmaintenance of laser imagers.

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, the serviceprofessional should have a goodunderstanding of basic electronicprinciples, a high mechanical aptitude andbe computer literate. An understanding ofDICOM connectivity is a plus.

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this course participantswill be able to:

• Evaluate overall system performance• Troubleshoot mechanical and electronic

problems on all components of the units• Perform complete and thorough

preventative maintenance procedures onthe units

• Follow system detail block diagrams

Course Outline

DAY 1I. Overview

A. Overview and history of drymedical laser imagers

B. Safety issuesC. Using documentationD.Unit operationE. Service access

1. Component location2. Component ID3. Theory of operation

DAY 2I. System breakdown

A. ReviewB. Mechanical systems

1. Transport2. Pneumatics3. Robotics4. Lasers

C. Power distributionD.System electronics

1. PCB identification and functionE. Connectivity options

DAY 3I. Diagnostics and preventative Mainte-

nanceA. Review and troubleshooting

1. Service software2. Diagnostics3. Configurationa and adjustments4. Parts removal and replacement

B. Preventative maintenance procedures

DAY 4I. DICOM fundamentals

A. IntroductionB. ProductsC. Installation

DAY 5I. Modality Interface

A. Modality configurationB. Print link installationsC. Course review and q & a

MULTI-VENDOR DRY LASER PRINTERS:AGFA, FUJI, KODAK, KONICA




50

IntroductionComputed Radiography using imagingplates to replace conventional x-ray filmcassettes is the best intermediate steptowards the filmless imaging department.Because it is well suited for small and largefacilities the service professional will obtainan understanding of the Kodak CR800/CR900 systems and their servicerequirements.

PrerequisitesTo attend this course, the serviceprofessional should have a goodunderstanding of basic electronicprinciples, a high mechanical aptitude andbe computer literate, and have attendedPhase I.

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this course participantswill be able to:

• Understand system theory and design• Evaluate overall system performance• Troubleshoot mechanical and electronic

problems on all components of the units• Perform complete and thorough

preventative maintenance procedures onthe units

• Determine system performance andoptimal image quality

Course Outline

DAY 1I. CR Theory

A. Understanding CR1. Film-screen capture2. Computed radiography3. Direct radiography

II. DocumentationA. Operators manualB. Service manual

KODAK CR800/CR900 CR SYSTEMS



III. CR SystemsA. Kodak CR800/900 comparisonB. What is doesC. How it works

1. Creating the latent imagea. IP’s 1. Powder phosphor 2. Needle phosphor 3. Cassettes

a. General Purposeb. High Resolution

2. Scanning the imagea. Lasers 1. Laser safety 2. Flying spot scanning 3. Scan head scanning

b. Opticsc. Capturing charged. A/De. DICOM file creation 1. RAW data 2. LUT’s 3. Patient demographics

3. Image Erasurea. Erasure lamp assemblyb. Manual/Scan sequence

erasure

DAY 2I. Major subsystems/component ID

A. Cassette transport tableB. Touch-screen monitorC. Upper control mechanismD.Cassette handling and air system

1. Cassette handling2. Cassette opening

E. Slow scanF. Laser/Optical assembly

1. Laser assembly2. Galvanometer assembly3. F-Theta lens assembly

G.PCH.UPSI. BoardsJ. ROP (Remote Operators Panel)

II. SpecificationsIII. Covers & Panels

A. Remove and replace

DAY 3

I. OperationA. Reading imagesB. Entering patient demographics

1. ROP2. Barcode3. Touch-screen monitor4. Modality worklist

II. InstallationA. Unpacking/SetupB. Inner/Outer frameC. PowerD.Network

1. Input/Output devicesE. ROPF. Barcode scannerG.OptionsH.Backup

DAY 4I. Connectivity

A. Network overviewB. TCP/IP overviewC. DICOM overviewD.Network configurationE. Local image storageF. Output devicesG.Worklist configuration

II. System SoftwareA. WorkflowB. Diagnostics

III. Power DistributionA. Schematics

DAY 5I. Maintenance

A. Upgrading softwareB. CalibrationC. QCD.PM

1. Maintaining IP’s2. Image quality evaluation

51


The Radiological Service

Training Institute (RSTI) is a

private, coeducational school

in Solon, OH. The school

was founded in 1985 to

provide advanced diagnostic

imaging service engineering,

parts, and capital asset

management programs in

X-Ray, Nuclear Medicine,

Computed Tomography (CT),

Diagnostic Ultrasound,

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

(MRI), and Radiation Therapy (RT).

30745 SOLON RD.SOLON, OH 44139

(440) 349-4700FAX: (440) 349-2053

E-MAIL:[email protected]

WWW.RSTI-TRAINING.COM

diagnostic imaging training course catalog · 2007 catalog diagnostic imaging training course state...

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