diabetes: what everyone needs to know! terri brinston rn, ma, clnc
TRANSCRIPT
Diabetes: What Everyone Needs to Know!
Terri Brinston RN, MA, CLNC
What is Diabetes?
A condition in which the body cannot make or
cannot use insulin properly.(Video)
Types of Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 (insulin-dependent) Cause, Prevention, Treatment
Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent)
Gestational DM
Other
Fasting BS Random BS
Under 100
100 - 125
Under 140
Diabetes
Pre - Diabetes
No Diabetes
140 – 200
126 and above
Over 200WithSymptoms
Risk Factors Type 2 D
Overweight (Abdominal) Over 45 years old Sedentary Lifestyle Non-White Race Family History of DB Family History of High
BP History of High BP (self) High Cholesterol History of Gestational DB Delivered a baby > 9 lbs.
Goals: Women < 35Men < 40
Signs/Symptoms Type 2D
Frequent Urination
Thirst Appetite Changes Blurred Vision Tiredness;
Sleepiness Weight Changes Headaches
Skin Infections Slow Healing Yeast Infections Urinary Infections Dry Skin; Itching Numbness; Tingling Feeling / Acting
“Evil” High Blood Pressure Cholesterol Problems
Estimated prevalence: Nearly 24 million
Nearly 8% of the U.S. population Almost 25% of persons over age 60 90 - 95% have type 2
25% do not know they have it! 57 million have pre-diabetes 24% have Metabolic Syndrome Projected 44-68% increase in diabetes by
2015 8% per year
Diabetes in the United States
Obesity and Diabetes 1:3 Americans are obese 1:5 Americans are morbidly obese 80% of all Type 2 diabetics are
overweight Obesity in children has doubled in 20 years Type 2 diabetes in children has tripled in the last 5 years
Children and Type 2 Diabetes
Mean age: 12-14 years old
Girls > Boys Overweight 94% are in
minority groups 74-100% have a
strong family history
Overweight Kids Become Overweight Adults 50% of overweight
children become overweight adults
26-41% overweight preschool children will become overweight adults
Saturday Morning Influence
61% of all commercials
are for FOOD
90% are for sugared cereals, candy
bars, fast food, and chips
Diabetes…
…we have pills and insulin to control it, so what is the big
deal?
Costs of Diabetes in the U.S.
$174 billion each year
$116 billion in direct medical costs
$58 billion in indirect costs
Missed work Lost productivity 1 in 10 healthcare
dollars spend on diabetes/complications
Human costs 7th leading cause of
death
Health Impact of Diabetes in the United States
Diabetes
National Diabetes Fact Sheet, United States, November 2003.Available at http:;;www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/factsheet.htm.
6th leading cause of death
73% of adults have HTN and/or take meds
Heart disease is theleading cause of death
Leading cause ofkidney failure
Leading causeof adult blindness
Neuropathy in 60-70% of patients contributes to high incidence of lower-limb amputation
40
15 13 1310
4 5
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
en
t of
death
s
Geiss LS, et al. In: Diabetes in America. National Institutes of Health;1995.
Causes of Death in Diabetes
Isch
emic
heart
disea
se
Oth
er h
eart
dise
ase
Diabe
tes
Canc
er
Stro
ke
Pneu
mon
ia/
influe
nza
All
other
www.hypertensiononline.org
Preventing Diabetes --or Living Healthy with
It!
Lifestyle Changes Healthy Eating Regular Exercise Healthy Weight
Weight Loss (7% of weight)
Medications Weight Loss Surgery
Healthy Eating
Reading Food Labels
Plate MethodFill ½ of the plate with non-starchy vegetables
Add a servingof a protein food
Choose a carbserving
Don’t forget the dairy!
Finish with a fruit
210
320
450
610
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1960 1978 1995 1999
Year
Ca
lori
es
The Supersizing PhenomenonPortion Control - It Does Matter!
77G
68G
57G
26 Grams Carbs
10G Fat
22G
26G 29G
Activity and Exercise
30 minutes of moderate activity on most days of the week
This does NOT
Count!
Inactivity and DiabetesInactivity and Diabetes
What’s wrong with this picture?
Height Normal
BMI=<25
Overweight
BMI=25-29
Obese
BMI=30-39
Extreme Obesity BMI=>40
5 ft 0 in Up to 127 Up to 152 Up to 203 Over 203 5 ft 1 in Up to 131 Up to 157 Up to 210 Over 210
5 ft 2 in Up to 135 Up to 163 Up to 217 Over 217 5 ft 3 in Up to 140 Up to 168 Up to 224 Over 224
5 ft 4 in Up to 144 Up to 173 Up to 231 Over 231
5 ft 5 in Up to 149 Up to 179 Up to 239 Over 239
5 ft 6 in Up to 154 Up to 185 Up to 246 Over 246 5 ft 7 in Up to 158 Up to 190 Up to 254 Over 254
5 ft 8 in Up to 163 Up to 196 Up to 261 Over 261
5 ft 9 in Up to 168 Up to 202 Up to 269 Over 269
5 ft 10 in Up to 173 Up to 208 Up to 277 Over 277 5 ft 11 in Up to 178 Up to 214 Up to 285 Over 285
6 ft 0 in Up to 183 Up to 220 Up to 293 Over 293
6 ft 1 in Up to 188 Up to 226 Up to 301 Over 301
6 ft 2 in Up to 193 Up to 232 Up to 310 Over 310 6 ft 3 in Up to 199 Up to 239 Up to 318 Over 318
6 ft 4 in Up to 204 Up to 245 Up to 327 Over 327
Medications Controlling Diabetes
Pills, Insulin, and other Injectables
Weight Loss Orlistat (Alli- OTC) Meridia Others
Treatment
Pumps, Inhaler, Jet Injectors, Insulin pens, I-Port Injector Port
http://youtu.be/q96wj1kVvlc
”The distance is nothing; it is only the first step that is difficult.”
http://www.diabetes.org/assets/pdfs/schools/SAS-Booklet-
Safe at School http://www.diabetes.org/assets/pdfs/
schools/SAS-Booklet-2010.pdf Foarms:
2http://www.diabetes.org/assets/pdfs/schools/dmmp-form.pdf010.pdf