DIABETES & HEALTHY EATING

1

Food gives you the energy you need for healthy living.Your body changes most

of the food you eat into a sugarcalled glucose.

Insulin helps your cells get thesugar (glucose) you need forenergy. Insulin also helps keepyour blood sugar levels normal.When you have diabetes, yourbody doesn’t make insulin orenough insulin, or the insulin itmakes doesn’t work right.

Even though your insulin does not work right, healthy eating canhelp keep your blood sugar from becoming too high or too low.

(glucose)

2

PPllaannnniinngg YYoouurr MMeeaallss

Healthy eating includes planningyour meals, choosing healthyfoods, and watching your weight.It also includes balancing whatyou eat and how much you eatwith how active you are.

Your doctor, diabetes educator, or a dietitian will help you plan your meals.

What you eat depends on:

nn how much you weighnn how active you are nn your blood sugar levels nn the foods you like to eat

The foods you eat change your blood sugar levels in different ways.You will learn how to make healthy food choices that help control your blood sugar.

3

Follow your meal plan.Try not to skip any meals or snacks.

If you take diabetes pills or insulin,you will also learn how to spaceyour eating throughout the day.This will help your medicine keepyour blood sugar under control.

Some people, especially active people, may need snacks in between their regular meals.

Your goal is to:

nn eat healthy foodsnn eat the right amounts of foodnn eat your food at the right times

to control your blood sugar.

Red meat,butter

White rice,white bread,

white pasta,potatoes,

soda, andsweets

Eat less

Dairy or calciumsupplement,

1 to 2 times daily

Fish, poultry, eggs, 0 to 2 times dailyMost people need adaily multiple vitamin.Talk to your doctor

about this.Nuts, legumes (beans, peas)

1 to 3 times daily

Vegetables,3 or more times daily Fruits, 2 to 3 times daily

Whole grain foods (at most meals)

Plant oils (olive, canola, soy,corn, sunflower, peanut

and other vegetable oils)Use in cooking and salads. Count calories.

Daily exercise and weight control

4

Your goal is to eat a healthy balance of carbohydrate,protein, and fat. Carbohydrate is the body's mainsource of energy. Health experts recommend abouthalf of the calories you eat each day be from foodshigh in carbohydrate, such as whole grains.

CChhoooossiinngg HHeeaalltthhyy FFooooddss

A healthy eating pyramid like the one below will help you control your blood sugar.

Adapted from Eat, Drink, and Be Healthy by Walter C.Willett, M.D.Copyright © 2001 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Reprinted by permission of Free Press, a Division of Simon and Schuster, Inc., NY.

HHiigghh--fifibbeerr ffooooddss

Eating foods high in fiber helps control blood sugar.Fiber can also make you feel full, which helps you to eat less.

High-fiber foods include:

nn fresh fruits and vegetablesnn whole grain cereals and breadsnn beans, peas, lentils, and legumesnn brown rice, barley, and oats

FFooooddss llooww iinn ffaatt aanndd ssaalltt

Fatty foods have more calories than other foods.Eating low-fat foods helps you control your weight.Diabetes can be harder to control if you are overweight.Eating less fat can also help prevent heart disease.

6

Other ways to cut the fat inyour diet: Remove the skinfrom chicken, and trim the fatfrom meat before cooking or eating it. Drink fat-free,low-fat or skim milk. Eat low-fat or fat-free cheeses anddesserts. Bake, grill, or broilfood instead of frying it.

nn cut back on fatty meats, whole milk, cheese,fried foods, peanut butter,and chips

nn be careful about what you order in fast-food restaurants (fast foods often have a lot of fat)

EEaatt lleessss ffaatt

nn cut back on butter,margarine, oil, salad dressing, and sour cream when eating or cooking

7

WWaayyss ttoo ccuutt ddoowwnn oonn ssaalltt::

nn don’t add salt to the food you eat or cook

nn don’t put the salt shaker on the table

nn use salt-free seasonings such as garlic powder, onions,hot pepper, spices and herbs

nn stay away from high-salt foods such as lunch meat, pickles,chips, and pretzels

High blood pressure is a common problem in people withdiabetes.Your doctor may ask you to eat less salt if youhave high blood pressure.

HHooww MMuucchh SShhoouulldd YYoouu EEaatt??

Learn about serving sizes. It is an important way to help controlblood sugar levels. One way toknow how much food you areeating is to weigh or measureit. Use a measuring cup andspoons or a scale.

Most people eat morethan they think. Aftermeasuring foods for awhile, you will often beable to know a servingsize just by looking at it.

9

Nutrition Facts

Calories 250 Calories from Fat 110

Total Fat 12g Saturated Fat 3g Trans Fat 3gCholesterol 30mgSodium 470mgTotal Carbohydrate 27g Dietary Fiber 0g Sugars 5gProtein 5g

Vitamin AVitamin CCalciumIron

18% 15%

0%10%20%9%0%

4%2%

20%4%

Amount Per Serving

* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs.

Serving Size: 1cup (228g)Servings Per Container: 2

% Daily Value*

Check serving size

Eat less of these

Check totalcarbohydrate High fiber

is good(Sugars are part of total carbohydrate.

Don't count twice.)

Low fat is good

(3g or more)

Illustration only.

RReeaadd FFoooodd LLaabbeellss

Most foods havea nutrition label.Food labels are a big help inchoosing foodsthat fit into yourmeal plan.

Always readfood labels whenyou shop.

WWrriittee IItt DDoowwnn

Keep a food diary.This will help you see how your bloodsugar is changed by what you eat,when you eat, and how much you eat.

10

If your have diabetes, plan ahead if you eat out.This will help you control you blood sugar.Here are some ways to plan ahead:

nn find out what is being served, in case you need to bring something that fits into your meal plan

nn drink water or diet soda, if you cannn in restaurants, order food grilled,

baked, or broiled – not friednn ask for sauces and dressing to

be served on the side nn always carry a snack in case

your meal plans change

DDiinniinngg OOuutt

11

AAbboouutt AAllccoohhooll

Talk to your doctor if you drink alcohol. If you take insulin or diabetes pills, your blood sugar level may drop too low after you drink alcohol.

Don’t have more than one or two drinks a day. Be sure to test your blood sugar after drinking.

If you drink alcohol:

nn drink with a meal or right after eatingnn drink slowlynn choose light beer or white winenn mix drinks with club soda, diet soda, or water

Keep your diabetes under control! Balance whenyou eat, what you eat, and how much you eatwith regular exercise and taking your medicine.

Healthy eating is important for people with diabetes and everyone else.You and your family can enjoy the same tasty, healthy foods.

Always talk to your doctor before making any changes in your diabetes treatment plan.

Provided as an educational service on www.learningaboutdiabetes.org.© 2006 Learning About Diabetes, Inc. All rights reserved. Rev. 2015