By: Amanda Galvao, Alex Ortega, Mayana Joseph, Kaitlyn Campo

1

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

• Pancreas does not produce enough insulin • Insulin resistance- fat, liver, muscle cells don’t

respond to the insulin

2

What does Insulin Do?Eat food

Body breaks down food into glucose (sugar)

Sugar goes into the blood to be

transported to cells

Insulin helps the sugar from the blood enter

into the other cells

3

Who is at risk?• Elderly• African Americans, Latinos, Native

Americans, Asian Americans• Those with excess body weight

around their mid section• High blood pressure, high

triglyceride levels, high cholesterol

• Those with a family history of it • Those with a low activity level• Smokers and alcoholics

4

Early Symptoms

• Hunger• Thirst• Fatigue• Increased urination• Frequent infections that take a while to heal• Blurred vision• Numbness or pain in the hands and feet• Acanthosis nigricans- darkened skin patches

5

Later Symptoms/Effects

• Blindness• Cardiovascular issues• Nerve damage• Amputations of the lower

limbs• Kidney damage

6

Diabetes and Amputations• Diabetes causes poor blood circulation and

nerve damage• This leads to ulcers• Ulcers cause damage to the tissue and bone,

leaving amputation as the only option

7 8

Diabetes Tests• Fasting blood glucose level

Shouldn’t be higher than 126 mg/dL

• Hemoglobin A1c test 6.5% or higher means

diabetes• Oral glucose tolerance test

After 2 hours, shouldn’t be over 200mg/dL

9

Diabetic Meters

• Used to measure your blood glucose levelsNormal blood glucose levels:

fasting: 70-99mg/dL 2 hours after eating: 70-145mg/dL casual: 10-125mg/dL

10 11

How to use a Diabetic Meter

12

Treatments

• Oral and injectable medications that can lower blood glucose levels

• Active life style and eating right• Insulin pump

13

14

Glycemic Index (GI)

• A measure of how much a certain food will raise your blood glucose level

• A food with a high GI will raise blood glucose quickly

• Foods with fat and fiber tend to have low GI

15

16

17

Faces of Type 2 Diabetes

SourcesGlycemic Index and Diabetes (2005). American Diabetes Association. Retrieved Feb 23, 2012 from http://www.diabetes.org/food-and-fitness/food/planning-meals/glycemic-index-and-diabetes.html Mayo Clinic Staff (Oct 1, 2011). Amputation and Diabetes: how to protect your feet. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved Feb 26, 2012 from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/amputation-and-diabetes/DA00140

Type 2 Diabetes ( June 28, 2011). PubMed Health. Retrieved Feb 25, 2012 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001356/

Type 2 Diabetes Overview ( June 2, 2009). WebMD. Retrieved Feb 22, 2012 from http://diabetes.webmd.com/guide/type-2-diabetes?page=1

Type 2 Diabetes (June 28, 2011). New York Times. Retrieved Feb 23, 2012 from http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/type-2-diabetes/overview.html Celebrities with Type 2 Diabetes. Health. Retrieved Feb 26, 2012 from http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20490828_last,00.html

Sources continuedWhat is Normal Blood Sugar? (2011). Phlaunt. Retrieved Feb 23, 2012 from http://www.phlaunt.com/diabetes/16422495.php

Type 2 Diabetes and Amputations (2009). Insulite Laboratories. Retrieved Feb 22, 2012 from http://diabetesmanagement.insulitelabs.com/index.php?q=type-2-diabetes-and-amputation.php

Picture refrences 1. http://www.medicalmalpracticelawyerblogphiladelphia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/type2diabetes.jpg2. http://www.pre-diabetes.com/download/medical/how-insulin-works.jpg3. http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/health_tools/diabetes_type-2_slideshow/phototake_rm_illustration_of_insulin_absorption.jpg4.http://www.menshealth.com/spotlight/diabetes/images/diabetes-risks.jpg5. http://skinipedia.org/images/photos/acan1.jpg6.http://dtc.ucsf.edu/images/charts/5.d.jpg 7.http://goodhealthhub.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Diabetic-Foot-4.jpg8.http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/256062/350wm/M1400349-Toe_amputation_due_to_diabetes-SPL.jpg

Picture references continued9.http://www.diabeteshealthysolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/normal-hemoglobin-a1c.jpg 10. http://images01.tzimg.com/cache/h3w4/500_1239329605_cbd8d77fb46ad49722ea905b2d72222c.jpg11.http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_UmpviLmUQvI/TCYFJc4CwQI/AAAAAAAAAEI/q5PCYDffux8/s1600/glucose+meter.jpg12.http://www.wakehealth.edu/images/graphics/images/en/19839.jpg 13.http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/18035.jpg14. http://www.snspost.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/portionControl-photo.jpg15. http://sp.life123.com/bm.pix/low-glycemic-index-foods.s600x600.jpg16.http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MjFiUj19iOw/TZGTgd1Vk0I/AAAAAAAADGM/YQC8o6Lfx0o/s1600/Sugary-foods.jpg17.http://be-remarkable.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/glycemic-index.jpg