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Improving Statistical Posters
Di CookIowa State University
Presentation prepared for
OUTLINE
PlanningLayoutColorText and fontVisualsElectronic mediaResources
http://www.lbl.gov/Publications/Currents/Archive/images/Apr-04-2003/genomics_poster.tiff.jpg
Bookman et al http://www.upstatefreshwater.org/html/olsf-sixth_posters.html
07/18/2007 05:10 AMTips for poster design
Page 1 of 1http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/infolit/poster1.htm
Main Contents Page
Before you start
STEP 1: STARTING OUT
STEP 2: FINDING
STEP 3: EVALUATE
STEP 4: LEGAL USE
STEP 5: COMMUNICATE
- Writing a
report/assignment
- Tips for presentations
- Tips for posters
Planning
Layout
Colour
Text and font
Visuals
Useful web sites
- Tips for brochures
- Tips for displays
- E-communication
guidelines
- Writing styles
Tips for poster design
Planning your poster
Before you rush to your computer and start designing your poster, there are acouple of things you need to do first. Planning your poster is extremelyimportant.
Start by writing down everything you would like to have on yourposter, keeping in mind who your target audience is.Draw your poster on a piece of paper, adding all the different sectionsand headings you would like to cover in your poster as well as the text.Let someone proofread for grammatical and spelling mistakes.Example for headings are:
title (the audience will view this first);introductionproblem statementmethodresultsrecommendationsconclusion
Your drawing might look something like this:
Eliminate any poster "noise". Remember you have less than 3seconds to draw the attention of your audience to your poster. Posternoise happens when you add irrelevant or unnecessary information toyour poster, e.g. information your audience might already know, etc. -this will depend on your target audience (colleagues, other specialistsin this field, general public, etc.).Have some attention grabbers on your poster. Seeing that you don'thave a lot of time to get the attention of your audience you need tomake a quick impact, e.g. a catching and interesting statement,photographs, graphics, colours, layout, etc. - all of these play a role inattracting your audience.When you have finished your final design on paper, you can startdesigning it on the computer.
Write down everything: Title, Introduction, Problem Statement, Method, Results, Recommendation/ConclusionPlan attention grabbers - you have less than 3 seconds to grab people’s attention.
Sketch out your poster
What’s the message?Who’s the target
audience?
PLANNING
LAYOUT
07/18/2007 05:10 AMTips for poster design
Page 1 of 2http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/infolit/poster2a.htm
Main Contents Page
Before you start
STEP 1: STARTING OUT
STEP 2: FINDING
STEP 3: EVALUATE
STEP 4: LEGAL USE
STEP 5: COMMUNICATE
- Writing a
report/assignment
- Tips for presentations
- Tips for posters
Planning
Layout
Colour
Text and font
Visuals
Useful web sites
- Tips for brochures
- Tips for displays
- E-communication
guidelines
- Writing styles
Tips for poster design
Technical guidelines: Layout
Plan your layout carefully. Layout includes
Headings and subheadings.Organising the information into sections.There should be balance and simplicity.Deciding where you want to add graphics, photographs, graphs, etc.Do not try to present too much detail. Less is more.Leaving enough white space - don't clutter the poster, it should have aclean and simple layout.Provide your name and contact details for people that might want todiscuss it with you.Information should flow (viewing sequence) by column or by row, as inthe following examples:
07/18/2007 05:10 AMTips for poster design
Page 1 of 2http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/infolit/poster2a.htm
Main Contents Page
Before you start
STEP 1: STARTING OUT
STEP 2: FINDING
STEP 3: EVALUATE
STEP 4: LEGAL USE
STEP 5: COMMUNICATE
- Writing a
report/assignment
- Tips for presentations
- Tips for posters
Planning
Layout
Colour
Text and font
Visuals
Useful web sites
- Tips for brochures
- Tips for displays
- E-communication
guidelines
- Writing styles
Tips for poster design
Technical guidelines: Layout
Plan your layout carefully. Layout includes
Headings and subheadings.Organising the information into sections.There should be balance and simplicity.Deciding where you want to add graphics, photographs, graphs, etc.Do not try to present too much detail. Less is more.Leaving enough white space - don't clutter the poster, it should have aclean and simple layout.Provide your name and contact details for people that might want todiscuss it with you.Information should flow (viewing sequence) by column or by row, as inthe following examples:
A numbering system will help your audience follow the flow of information.Print the pieces at actual size and place them on a table.
COLORColor is a very important part of your poster.Choose a color theme.Too much color makes it too busy.
This combination is easy on the eyes.
This combination is NOT easy on the eyes.
This combination is NOT easy on the eyes.
This combination is also easy on the eyes.
TEXT & FONTS
Text size and font are very important.ALL CAPITALS CAN BE DIFFICULT TOO.
Ariel bold is easy to read.
Courier regular is NOT easy to read, and is boring.Italics and script is NOT easy to read.
Title 100pts >1.5in
Headings ~50pts 0.6-0.8in
Body >25pts 0.2-0.4in
VISUALS
Graphics, photographs and diagrams are a vital part of a poster. They add interest and help communicate your message.Use digital photos rather than scanned.Create graphics using good plotting software such as R, and edit/annotate using a drawing program such as Photoshop, Canvas, CorelDraw.Use sparingly to avoid a busy appearance.
CREDIT
http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/infolit/poster2a.htm is the source of my material to this point.Really excellent, straight forward advice with pictures and diagrams on poster construction.
EXAMPLE
Catchy title
4’x4’
Dramatic visual, which also serves as lookup to the main parts of
poster.Navy and white color scheme
MULTIMEDIA SUPPLEMENTS
A movie or computer demo can illustrate the dynamic rather than static nature of your work.Multimedia draws attention.
MULTIMEDIA SUPPLEMENTSA digital photo frame might be incorporated directly into your poster to display a sequence of photos or graphs.A recordable postcard can be used to add sound!
http://blog.scifi.com/tech/archives/2006/10/13/new_memoryframe.html
http://www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/cpurrin1/images/soundrecorder.jpg
DATA EXPO POSTERS
http://www.amstat-online.org/sections/graphics/dataexpo/2006entries.php
The ASA Statistical Graphics section sponsored a data analysis and poster presentation competition for JSM’06.
Good place to see examples of well-constructed posters and multimedia supplements.
SOFTWARE
Adobe InDesign: Figures kept in separate files so master file remains small.Powerpoint: templates available on web, but unwieldy for large posters and graphics.
GOOD GRAPHICS PRINCIPLESNaomi Robbins (2006) Creating More Effective Graphshttp://www.wiley.com/
R package: ggplot2Hadley Wickhamhttp://had.co.nz/ggplot2/
COGNITIVE PERCEPTIONFamiliarity and surprise: Following conventions (eg Tufte, Wainer) captures an audience by familiar, ease of interpretation. .....................BUTBreaking conventions elicits interest.
COGNITIVE PERCEPTION
Myanmar
Hungary
Kazakhstan
Latavia
France
Spain
LithuaniaCzech Rep
MoldovaMoldova
Romania
Russia FedRussia Fed Poland
PortugalEngland
Ireland
Belguim
Germany Italy
SwitzerlandS
love
nia
Yugo
Crotia
Bos
nia/
Her
z
Austria
Bulgaria
Ukraine
FinlandGreece
Norway
Albania
BARBADOS
TRINIDAD/TOBAGO
ARGENTINA
BOLIVIA
CHILE
COLOMBIACOLOMBIA
COSTA RICACOSTA RICA
ECUADORECUADOR
EL SALVADOREL SALVADORGUATEMALA
GUYANA
NICARAGUA
PANAMAPANAMA
PARAGUAY
PERU
SURINAMESURINAME
URUGUAYURUGUAY
VENEZUELAVENEZUELA
Sweeden
CANADA
MEXICO
CHILE
BOLIVIA
SURINAME
BARBADOS
NICARAGUA
GUATEMALA
Romania
Kazakhstan
SOUTHAFRICA
LESOTHO MADAGASCAR
MOZAMBIQUE
ZIMBABWE
NAMIBIA
ZAMBIA
MALAWI
CONGO
TANZANIA
KENYA
BURUNDI
IVORYCOAST
GHANA
CONGOREP.
SENEGAL
GAMBIAGUINEA-BISSAU
GABON
RWANDA
CAMEROON
NIGER
NIGERIA
BURKINAFASO
MALIMOROCCO
MAURITANIA
ALGERIA LIBYATUNISIA
UGANDA
CHAD
SUDAN EGYPT
SPAIN
FRANCE
ITALY
BRITAIN
UKRAINERUSSIA
KAZAKHSTANAFGHANISTAN
IRELAND
ETHIOPIA
DJIBOUTI
ERITREA
GER.
BAHAMAS
BARBADOS
CUBA
JAMAICA
TRINIDAD, TOBAGOGUYANA
HONDURAS
SURINAME
VENEZUELA
HAITI
BRAZIL
UNITED STATES
ARGENTINA
BOLIVIA
CHILE
COLOMBIA
COSTA RICA
ECUADOR
EL SALVADOR
GUATEMALA
NICARAGUA
PANAMA
PARAGUAY
PERU
URUGUAY
CANADA
MEXICO
BELIZE
CHINA
SOUTHKOREA
MONGOLIA
INDIA
INDONESIA
MALAYSIA
SINGAPORE
PAPUANEW
GUINEA
MYANMAR
AUSTRALIA
NEWZEALAND
CAMBODIA
THAILAND
JAPAN
LAOS
PHILIPPINES
BANGLADESH
SRI LANKA
NEPAL
SWAZILANDBOTSWANA
ANGOLA
TOGO
LIBERIA
SIERRALEONE
GUINEA
BENINCENTRALAFRICANREPUBLIC
PORTUGALDOMINICANREPUBLIC
PAKISTAN
VIETNAM
NETHERLANDS
DENMARK
BELGIUMAUSTRIA
CZECH REP.
POLAND
BELARUS
ESTONIA, LATVIA, LITHUANIA
FINLANDSWEDENNORWAY
MIDDLEEAST
BALKANS
In many countries, reliable statistics on AIDS are hard to obtain. Unaids, the United Nations AIDS agency, relies on these numbers. Each square on the grid represents 2,500 people with AIDS.
…And on a Global Scale
North Africa and the Middle East
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern and Eastern Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
Highly Industrialized Countries
0
5
10
15
20
25
Source: UNAIDS
The estimated number of people living with H.I.V./AIDS has exploded in sub-Saharan Africa while staying relatively level in highly industrialized countries.
Living With AIDS
million
million
million
million
million
HIGHLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
’80 ’82 ’84 ’86 ’88 ’90 ’92 ’94 ’96 ’98 ’000
1
2
3
4
Source: UNAIDS
The estimated number of new HIV/AIDS cases in highly industrialized countries has decreased slightly since the 1980’s but has continued growing in sub-Saharan Africa.
New Cases million
million
million
million
HIGHLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
’80 ’82 ’84 ’86 ’88 ’90 ’92 ’94 ’96 ’98 ’00
LIVING WITH AIDSNEW CASES
LIVING WITH AIDS
LIVING WITH AIDS
EACH DOT REPRESENTS 2,500 PEOPLE LIVING WITH AIDS
0
5
10
15
20
25
Source: UNAIDS
million
million
million
million
million
HIGHLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES
EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIANORTH AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
’80 ’82 ’84 ’86 ’88 ’90 ’92 ’94 ’96 ’98 ’00*
SOUTHERN ANDEASTERN ASIA
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
0
1
2
3
4 million
million
million
million
’80 ’82 ’84 ’86 ’88 ’90 ’92 ’94 ’96 ’98 ’00*
HIGHLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIESEASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA
NORTH AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EASTLATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
SOUTHERN ANDEASTERN ASIA
The estimated number of new H.I.V./AIDS cases in highly industrialized countries has decreased slightly since the 1980’s but has continued growing in sub-Saharan Africa.
Source: UNAIDS
* Preliminary numbers* Preliminary numbers
Map is familiar, draws in the reader.AND convention is broken by the size of country, which is interesting encouraging the curious reader to learn more.
The New York Times
CONCLUDING COMMENTSPosters allow the presenter to engage the audience in small groups for individualized discussion.From experience: If its a big poster print it in a couple of smaller pieces for transporting to the meeting!You’re a story teller.
RESOURCES
http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/infolit/poster2a.htm http://www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/cpurrin1/posteradvice.htm