dhs briefing rs & jm edits keith
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction
… has a long history of serving the temperature sensing needs of the aerospace, steel, glass, heat treating and other high temperature industries. In 2004 CEL started its Advanced Technologies Group in Tempe, Arizona, focused on the design and fabrication of turbine engine test cell instrumentation used in the manufacturers’ test and development programs.
Customers include General Electric, Pratt and Whitney, Rolls-Royce, Solar Turbines, Honeywell, and others.
About ten years ago we began R&D efforts to develop fiber optic sensing technologies, due to significant advantages for many applications as compared to conventional analog sensors.
The results of these efforts are the reason we are presenting here today. With total support from ownership, and world class engineering talent, we have developed a suite of meaningful, leading-edge sensors and sensing systems we are very proud of.
Rodger Shepherd - Vice President of Advanced Technologies Keith Chandler - Structural Health and Security Monitoring SME
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Affiliations and Accreditations
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Recent Attacks and Threats on USCritical Infrastructure
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Power Grid Attacks
April 16, 2013 PG&E Metcalf Electrical Power Substation
Intruders entered underground telecom vaults, cut multiple cables
Gunmen then disabled 17 large electrical transformers
52,000 gallons of coolant leaked
Electrical black-out narrowly averted
$15 million worth of damage
0:00 0:33 0:43 0:53
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Power Grid Infrastructure Vulnerability
Jon Wellinghoff, former chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, said the power grid is currently "too susceptible to a cascading outage" because of its reliance on a small number of critical substations and other physical equipment.
Suspects have never been identified in connection with many of the 300-plus attacks on our electrical infrastructure since 2011.
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Network Infrastructure Attacks
The attacker struck close to midnight, climbing into a manhole at the mouth of California’s Niles Canyon and slicing a series of cables that collectively carried billions of bits of Internet data.
San Francisco’s Bay Area has suffered more than a dozen attacks on its fiber optic infrastructure over the past year.
Networks that process everything from Amazon.com purchases to 911 calls are much more vulnerable than other critical infrastructure like power plants. The attacks slow Internet service and disrupt financial transactions and emergency phone calls.
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Attacks on Key Transportation Resources
On September 11, 2001, foreign operatives were arrested for attempting to drive a truck with explosives over the George Washington Bridge in New York City.
In 2003 a man was arrested and accused of giving aid to al-Qaeda and attempting to destroy the Brooklyn Bridge.
In 2004 a group of four to five people "and some other individuals" were caught on video atop the Brooklyn Bridge shortly before two white flags replaced the Stars and Stripes on the iconic span.
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Rank (2015)
Airport (large hub)IATA code
Major city served StatePassengers
(2015)
1 Hartsfield-Jackson Int’l ATL Atlanta GA 49,340,732
2 Los Angeles International LAX Los Angeles CA 36,351, 226
3 O’Hare International ORD Chicago IL 36,305,668
4 Dallas / Fort Worth Int’l DFW Dallas – Forth Worth TX 31,589,832
5 John F. Kennedy Int’l JFK New York NY 27,717,503
6 Denver International DEN Denver CO 26,280,043
7 San Francisco Int’l SFO San Francisco CA 24,190,549
8 Charlotte Douglas Int’l CLT Charlotte NC 21,913,156
9 McCarran International LAS Las Vegas NV 21,824,231
10 Phoenix Sky Harbor Int’l PHX Phoenix AZ 21,351,445
31 airports serve 75% of all passengers in US
268 airport Intrusions since 2004
Airports
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Drinking Water Threats
2003 - Al-Qaida threatens US water systems via a call to a Saudi Arabian magazine.
Al-Qaida does not “rule out...the poisoning of drinking water in American and Western cities”.
FBI
In order to prevent contamination of a water supply, local water works or utilities should maintain a secure perimeter around the source (if possible) and the treatment facility. In addition, security should be maintained around critical nodes such as tunnels, pumping facilities, storage facilities, and the network of water mains and subsidiary pipes should be enhanced.
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Pipeline Attacks
Oil Theft: A $37 Billion Problem
The numbers around fuel leaks and theft are astronomical when looking at individual problem areas, but are positively staggering when combined on a global scale. One source estimates that global losses in theft from pipelines and other sources top $37.23 billion annually.
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Nuclear Facility Threats
Security at U.S. nuclear power complexes is inadequate, and hundreds of tons of plutonium and enriched uranium could be stolen or sabotaged.
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Overview, existing security approaches
Manhole covers Welded closed Bolts with special heads Secondary lids/barriers with locks
Doors and enclosure access hatches Locks Electrical interlock switches
Communications raceways / conduits Locked access at ends of chases Electrically alarmed access points Tamper-evident and -resistant chases
Bridges Visual inspections Analog sensors
Pipelines Flyovers Periodic testing
Perimeters, zones, areas Razor wire Patrols Surveillance video and analytics Electrically-based accelerometers RF field disturbance sensing Optical fiber backscattering Weight-sensitive electrical switches Video cameras, analytics Passive infrared motion detectors Radar, microwave
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The National Communications Structure for Protection of Critical Infrastructure
Who needs to know of a terrorist attack to our critical infrastructure in real-time?
DHS, DOD, FBI, DOE, DOS, CIA, HHS, FEMA, EPA, U.S. Fire Administration, State and Local Police…
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FiberStrike™ Sensing Capabilities
Temperature
Movement
Pressure
Sound
Vibration
Intrusion
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Deployment advantages
Fiber optically-based sensing solutions offer long-term affordability …
Scalability
Cohesive common architecture
Reporting from multiple locations to single monitoring facility / authority
Flexibility
Power alternatives for remote deployments
Our IntelliOptics software allows integration with legacy monitoring sensors …
Integration with existing command and control systems …
Integration with camera systems
Time savings
Initial operational capability typically more rapid than with legacy systems
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Manhole Cover Position Sensing
Manhole switches can be monitored from 25 km away
Every location uniquely identified, continuously monitored
Physical protection of classified information networks - DoD accredited system software with certificate of net worthiness is available
OPTICAL INTERROGATOR
CHANNEL1 2 3 . . . 16
50
1
3
2
4
51
52
100
53
54
101
102
150
800
751
753
752
754
LCM-610 SENSOR
SMF-28 OPTICAL FIBER
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Underground vaults
Access hatch security
Weight on ladder rungs
Air temperature
Water level (sump pump)
Pressure (e.g., water main)
Valve position
Equipment enclosure security
Additional FiberStrike applications
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Security Sensing in Discrete Locations
Pedestrian platform sensors
Sense weights < 1 pound
Door and equipment enclosure sensors
Configurable for any cabinet or door
System scalability facilitates future expansion
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Perimeter Security
Distributed sensing fiber mounted
along top or bottom of fence
Fiber detects vibrations caused
by attempted intrusion, provides
information on event location
Fiber may be 25+ km long
Event localization to ≈1% of total length of sensing fiber
Multiple parallel sensing fibers increase probability of detection and accuracy of location
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Pipeline Monitoring
FiberStrike ®
transducers are
installed at regular physical
intervals along a pipeline
The FiberStrike ®
system
continuously analyzes the
acoustic signature of the
operating pipeline
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Presidential Policy Directive 21
PPD 21: Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience
Advances a national policy to strengthen and maintain a secure, functioning and resilient critical infrastructure
Defines 16 critical infrastructure sectors - all considered vital to the US
Incapacitation or destruction of assets in any sector would have a debilitating effect on national security, economy, public health and/or safety
Energy and communications systems are identified as uniquely critical
FiberStrike sensing systems support multiple areas in PPD 21
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Critical infrastructure sectors per PPD 21
Chemical
Communications
Informationtechnology
Nuclear reactors,materials and waste
Commercial facilities
Critical manufacturing
Defense industrial base
Transportationsystems
Dams
Emergency services
Energy WaterFinancial services
Food and agriculture
Government facilities
Healthcare, public health
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Bridge Structural Health and Security Monitoring
Introduce Keith
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Fiber optic sensing systems
Why fiber optics?
With proper sensor configuration, virtually any physical phenomenon can be sensed or measured
Intrinsic safety
Sensors contain no electronic components, require no electrical power
Sensors are passive, emit no signals; no EMI/EMC concerns
Optical fiber is non-conductive, allowing use in hazardous environments
Immune to RFI and lightning
Low loss: optical sensors can be 20+ miles from head-end equipment
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Sensing based on fiber Bragg Gratings
Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are well-established technology, internationally proven
High resolution, accurate, field-reliable
Sensors are small, easy to surface-mount or embed into structures
Simultaneous, real-time point sensing at speeds up to kHz
Wide temperature range: -85° to +570°F for standard fiber
Static and dynamic measurements with a single instrument
Multiplexing - as many as 50 FBGs on a single fiber, depending on sensor types
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640 multiplexed fiber optic strain sensors
400 wired electrical strain sensors
Cabling and instrumentation comparison
Simple management system comparison
Fiber optic sensors Basic
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Command and Control Software
Provides system control and
data for structural analysis
Traditional numerical data
logging and graphic display
Numbers, graphs and/or alarms
shown at each sensor location in
model of structure
Real-time data in summary format
Remote web-based access to
data via LAN, cellular or satellite
Tailorable access levels
Robust security
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Strain, tension, temperature
Surface mount
Brainy-Bolt
Spot-welded
Epoxied Concrete embedded
Multi-point movement, embedded
Bolt-on Grout-in Wieldable
Monitor loads in structural members and fasteners
Strain measurements from 3 to 5000 µstrain
Movements down to picometers
Temperatures (point and distributed) -40° to +250°FTemperature
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Position, displacement
Displacement
± 0.5” movement, single- and multi-axis
Positional accuracy and resolution better than
0.001”
Linear position
Travel up to 18” (standard), resolution 0.005”
Rotary position
Rotation 360°, resolution 0.25°
Tilt - range -3 to +5°, resolution 0.004°
Inclination - range ± 10°, resolution 0.01°
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Position, displacement
Accelerometers
One-, two- or three-axis
Frequency range DC up to 300 Hz
Sensitivity down to 0.001g
Shock tolerance up to 100g
- Above range values depend on selected
accelerometer
and optical interrogator
Useful for monitoring mechanical shock, impact, vibrational modes / resonances, seismic activity
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Projects
Bridges focusing on SHM and
their Security
Dams
Security
Transit systems
Aerospace
Power generation
Additional Applications:
Mining, geologic stability
Pipelines
Buildings
Wind turbines
Industrial processes
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Brooklyn Bridge rehabilitation program
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Rock Island Arsenal Bridge, Illinois
The historic Rock Island Arsenal
Bridge was built in 1896, at the same
location as an 1872 structure and
using the same piers. Upper and
lower decks of the swinging structure
carry rail and road traffic over the
Mississippi River between Rock Island,
Illinois and Davenport, Iowa.
This is the only bridge in the area
capable of transporting extremely
heavy loads of consumer products
and the transport of military
equipment manufactured on the Rock
Island Military Base.
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Rock Island Arsenal Bridge, Illinois
50 Strain Sensors
25 Temperature
15 3D accelerometers
4 A-36 corrosion sensors
1 Corrosion coupon rack
3 Cameras
Satellite backup and DSL
communications
4 Tilt meters
30 AE acoustical sensors
When bridge pivots the ends
deflect 6 inches.
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Indian River Inlet Bridge, Delaware
First Bridge with all optical sensors for Home Land Security
System is redundant storing data locally and streaming to TMC master sever command center
Security of Bridge communications command center onsite.
First Stay Cable Bridge in the U.S. with embedded sensors in concrete while under construction SHM
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Indian River Inlet Bridge, Delaware
68 Strain Sensors with temperature
compensation
3 Expansion joint displacement
sensors with 24-inch stroke
9 Single-axis optical tilt meters
10 Uniaxial optical accelerometers
17 Biaxial optical accelerometers
10 corrosion chloride penetration
sensors - both conventional and
optical
2 Anemometers
Lightning and power surge equipment
protection
A to D converters to carry
anemometer information to control
panel
5 cameras
10 optical doors switches
Security platform monitoring
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Indian River Inlet Bridge Hurricane Sandy
Bridge assessment had started as soon as the Hurricane hit watching the structural movement closely from the remote command and control center.
Once Hurricane Sandy passed information taken during the storm showed significant movement but returning known sensor data stability.
The Bridge was cleared for traffic use 8 hours after the storm passed but required weeks to repair roads and beaches.
Hurricane Sandy October 29 2012
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Indian River Inlet Bridge security system
Carried over same optical backbone as the SHM sensing system
Cameras controlled and all access areas monitored continuously
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Indian River Inlet Bridge security system
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I-20 Vicksburg Mississippi structural and security
The I-20 bridge is on the main corridor
between Vicksburg, Mississippi and
Louisiana. A railroad bridge parallels the I-
20 bridge. The bridges are frequently struck
by barges, and there is a nearby moving
fault line that could jeopardize this river
crossing over time.
The US Army Corps of Engineers and DOD
funded this project for the reasons of a 100
mile detour should this bridge fail. This
opportunity was to also prove-in the use of optical sensing systems.
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I-20 Vicksburg Mississippi structural and security
52 Strain Sensors
25 Temperature
10 3D accelerometers
4 A-36 corrosion sensors
1 Corrosion coupon rack
3 Cameras
Security pier hatch door
sensor
1 Optical panel security
system
Satellite backup and DSL
communications
8 Tilt meters
8 Long displacement
sensors
Weather station
1 Optical pressure sensor to
determine water depth.
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I-20 Bridge security system
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Barge Impact warning system I-20
Barge impact is a major
concern and to quantify the
health of the bridge.
On March 23, 2012 30 barges
broke lose hitting the I-20
Bridge and adjacent rail
bridge. Once barge was
forced dead center of the I-
20 Bridge then sinking.
The System caught this event
in real time alerting the Coast
Guard, Police and MDOT prior to any public calls.
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Barge Impact removal monitoring I-20
Continuous monitoring was
requested to validate barge
removal after sinking.
The Mississippi was flooded
high water levels with
extreme currents placing
great pressure on the piers.
After one month they
successfully cut the barge in half removing the barge.
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Cleveland Electric Laboratories
Advanced Technologies Group
Please visit us at our booth for a product demonstration
and more information.
Manhole Cover Position Sensing