dharma chapt 10_part_i sistemas inalambricos existentes 2002

7/28/2019 Dharma Chapt 10_Part_I Sistemas Inalambricos Existentes 2002

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1Copyright 2002, Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal and Dr. Qing-An Zeng. All rights reserved.

Chapter 10 ( PART-1)

Existing Wireless Systems


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Outline

AMPS

IS-41

GSM

PCS


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AMPS


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AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) Design goals of AMPS

Characteristics of AMPS

Channel usage in AMPS AMPS frequency allocation

Frequency for AMPS

General operation of AMPS

AMPS identification numbers

MS nominal power levels

Forward and reverse channels

Signaling on control channels, forward and reverse voicechannels

Initialization procedures

General working of AMPS Phone System

Modulation parameters


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Design Goals of AMPS

The very first cellular phone technology Conceived by Bell Labs

High voice quality (near wire line)

Small coverage area (cell radius: 1-16 miles)

Large cells thermal noise limited and small cells interference limited

Frequency reuse planned in system design

666 channels (later increased to 832 channels)

Large trunk mounted unit (now very small under dash units)

Low power mobile (handheld) transmitters (4 watts or less)

Medium power base stations (10s of watts)

Low blocking (2%) during busy hour Immediate service (1-5 business days; now 1-5 hours)

System capacity for 100,000 or more customers per city

Mobile (handheld) can place and receive calls


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Characteristics of AMPS

Frequency range (45 MHz separation):

824 MHz ~ 849 MHz for mobile transmit 869 MHz ~ 894 MHz for base transmit

3 KHz analog voice channels modulated on to 30 KHz

channels FM (frequency modulation) for voice

MFM (Manchester frequency modulation) at 10 kbps for data

Control channels

Voice channels


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AMPS Frequency Allocation

Band A

Transmit: 824 MHz ~ 835 MHz and 845 MHz ~ 849 MHz Receive: 869 MHz ~ 880 MHz and 890 MHz ~ 891.5 MHz

Band B

Transmit: 835 MHz ~ 845 MHz and 846.5 MHz ~ 849 MHz Receive: 880 MHz ~ 890 MHz and 891.5 MHz ~ 894 MHz

312 usable RF pairs divided by 7 (the reuse factor)= roughly 45 channel pairs per cell


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Frequencies for AMPS

Two service providers:

A (non-wire line provider)

B (wire line provider: Bell Companies)

Five band segments:

1990869.01824.01Not used

83717-799889.51-893.97846.51-848.97B

333334-666880.02-889.98835.02-844.98B

33

50

333

No. of Channels

991-1023869.04-870.00824.04-825.00A

667-716890.01-891.48845.01-846.48A

1-333870.03-879.99825.03-834.99A

Channel No.BS-TX (MHz)MS-TX (MHz)Band


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General Operation of AMPS

Power

Up/Down

Idle Task

Call

Delivery

(Page)

Call

Origination

Call

Clearing

Process

Order

Scan

Channels

Registration

/De-registration

CallActive

ProcessOrder

Handoff


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AMPS Identification Numbers Serial number (Electronic Serial Number [ESN])

Used for each MS transmitter in service in the cellular system

32 bit binary number that uniquely identifies a cellular unit numberestablished by the manufacture at the factory

Should not be easily alterable

System Identification Number (SID)

15 bit binary numbers assigned to cellular systems

MS in the cell must transmit the SID

FCC assigns one SID to each cellular system

Systems may transmit only their assigned SIDs or other SIDs, ifthe other SID user permits

Mobile Identification Number (MIN)

Digital representation of MSs 10-digit directory telephone number


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Forward and Reverse Channels

The busy/idle stream indicates the

current status of the RECC.

Stream A and B are identified with

the least significant bit (LSB) of the

MSs MIN, where a 0 signifies

stream A and a 1 signifies stream B.

Where FOCC is a TDM channel of:

Busy/idle stream Stream B Stream A

MSi BS

Forward controlchannel (FOCC)

Reverse control

channel

(RECC)

MSj

Forward control

channel (FOCC)


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Signaling on Control Channels

Forward Control Channels (FOCCs) Continuous data stream

Sends system information

Sends Pages, orders, voice channels assignments to MSs

Dotting Word

Sync

Repeat 1

of Word A

Repeat 1

of Word B Repeat 5

of Word A

Repeat 5

of Word BDotting

Bits 10 11 40 40 40 40 10

Dotting = 1010101

Word Sync = 11100010010

Format


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Signaling on Control Channels

Reverse Control Channels (RECCs)

Discontinuous, contention channel

Modeled after Slotted Aloha packet radio channel MSs respond to pages

MSs make origination calls (with dialed digits)

Bits 30 11 7 240 240 240 240

Dotting = 1010101

Word Sync = 11100010010

* DCC = Digital Color Code

Seizure precursor

Dotting Word

Sync

1st word

repeated

5 timesCoded

DCC*

2nd word

repeated

5 times

3rd word

repeated

5 times

4th word

repeated

5 times

Format


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Signaling on Forward Voice Channel (FVC)

Continuous supervisory audio tone (Beacons)

Transmitted by BS

Three tones at 6 kHz (5.97 kHz, 6.00 kHz, 6.03 kHz)

Received back at BS receiver

Lack of tone (or wrong tone) used to squelch receiver

Tone used to detect interference

Tone phase can be used for ranging

Discontinuous data stream

Sends orders to MS

Sends new voice channels assignments (handoff)


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Signaling on Reverse Voice Channel (RVC)

Continuous supervisory audio tone (Beacons)

MS regenerates tone

Lack of tone (or wrong tone) used to squelch receiver

Tone used to detect interference

Discontinuous data

Confirms orders MSs make 3-way calls (with dialed digits)

Signaling tone (10 kHz)

Used to signal Disconnect (1.5 seconds) Used to signal Flash (0.5 seconds)


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Initialization Procedures

MS BS

Control channels

3. System parameter message

1. Power up, set system A or B

2. Scan control channels, tune to

strongest channel

4. Update operating parameters and SID,

identify serving system, establish paging

channels

5. Ongoing overhead

Message stream 6. Verify SID and status information, set

parameters for ROAM status, enter idle state


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MS Originates the Call (System Access Task)

MS BS1. Origination message

(MIN, ESN, phone no.)

3. Control message

5. FVC control message

(CHAN, ORDER, ORDQ, SCC)

2. Pass to IS-41

4. Switch to

voice

channel(CHAN, ORDER, ORDQ, SCC)

6. RVC confirmation message

(SAT)

4. Switch to

voice channel

7. Answer from

IS-418. Conversation ensues

8. Conversation ensues

CHAN Channel Number; ORDQ Order Qualifier; SCC Set Color Code


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MS Receives the Call

MS BS

2. Page control message

3. Page response message

4. Control message

(MIN, ESN, ORDER, ORDQ)

1. MS ID from

IS-41

(CHAN, ORDER, ORDQ, SCC, VMAC)

5. Confirmation message

(SAT)



(MIN, SCC, ORDER, ORDQ, VMAC, CHAN)

VMAC Voice Mobile Attenuation Code


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IS-41


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IS-41 (Interim Standard 41, also known as ANSI-41)

IS-41 model

Key terms and concepts

Identification number

IS-41 and OSI

Remote operation service element (ROSE)

Class number

Operations

Relationship of IS-41 and AMPS

Formats of the messages


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IS-41 Entities and Reference Points

CSS BS MSC

MSC

VLR

VLR

PSTN

HLR

AC

ISDN

EIR

Uair A

E Ai Di

B C F

G HD

AC Access control

BS Base station

CSS Cellular subscriber station (MS)

EIR Equipment identity register

HLR Home location register

ISDN Integrated services digital network

MSC Mobile switching center

PTSN Public switched telephone network

VLR Visitor location register

Um, A, B, H, Ai, Di -- Interfaces


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Identification Numbers

Serial number (Electronic Serial Number [ESN])

Used for each MS transmitter in service of the cellular system

32 bit binary number that uniquely identifies a cellular unit number

Should not be easily alterable

System Identification Number (SID)

15 bit binary numbers assigned to cellular systems

MS in the cell must transmit the SID

FCC assigns one SID to each cellular system Systems may transmit only their assigned SIDs or other SIDs, if the other

SID user permits

Mobile Identification Number (MIN)

Digital representation of MSs 10-digit directory telephone number Switch Number (SWNO)

Identifies a particular switch within a group of switches with which it isassociated

It is the parameter derived from the concatenation of the SID and SWNO


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IS-41 and OSI

MTP Message transfer part

SCCP Signaling connection control part

MAP Mobile Application part

ASE Applications service element

ACSE Association control service element

ROSE Remote operation service element

TCAP Transaction capabilities application part

Application

TLV

Null

Null

X.25/MTP/SCCP

X.25/MTP

X.25/MTP

Entity A Entity B

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Layers

MAP

Component

sublayer

Transactionsublayer

TCAP

ACSE

ROSEASE


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ROSE Operations

In either case, no reply.Success or failure

If successful, return a result. If a failure, no reply.Success only

If successful, no reply. If a failure, return an error reply.Failure only

If successful, return a result. If a failure, return an error

reply.

Success or failure

Expected Report from ServerResult of Operation

Asynchronous: Report nothing5

Asynchronous: Report success (result) only4

Asynchronous: Report failure (error) only3Asynchronous: Report success (result) or failure (error)2

Synchronous: Report success (result) or failure (error)1

DefinitionClass number


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Interworking of IS-41 and AMPS

PSTN MSC MS

6. Page

VLR HLR

3. ROUTREQ

ROUTREQ 4.

Originating system Serving system

1. Call origination2. LOCREQ

Page response 7.

(alias)LOCREQ (alias) 5.

Call setup

MSC

VLR

8. Alert

Answer 9.


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Registration with a New MSC

REGNOT Registration notification messages: REGCANC Registration cancellation message

QUALREQ Qualification request message: PROFREQ Service profile request message

Upper case represents ROSE INVOKE message

Lower case represents ROSE RETURN RESULTS message

PSTN MSC MSC

3. REGNOT

1. REGNOT

VLR HLR VLR

REGNOT

REGNOT

REGCANC

4. REGCANCQUALREQ

QUALREQ

PROFREQ

PROFREQ

2

5

6

Old serving New serving


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Calling an Idle MS

LOCREQ Location request messages: ROUTREQ Routing request message

PROFREQ Service profile request message



PSTN MSC MSC

4. ROUTREQ

VLR HLR VLR

3. ROUTREQ

ROUTREQ 7.

PROFREQ

PROFREQ 5.


1. Call origination

2. LOCREQ

ROUTREQ 6.


Call setup


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Call Forwarding

PSTN MSC MSCVLR HLR VLR


LOCREQ Location request messages

1. Call origination

2. LOCREQ

LOCREQ (alias) 3.

Call forward setup


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Call and MS Does Not Answer

PSTN MSC MSC

4. ROUTREQ

VLR HLR VLR

3. ROUTREQ

ROUTREQ 6.


LOCREQ Location request messages: ROUTREQ Routing request message



1. Call origination2. LOCREQ

ROUTREQ 5.


Call setup

Page or answer timeout

Announcement 8.

Call release


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Calling a Busy MS

PSTN MSC MSC

4. ROUTREQ

VLR HLR VLR

3. ROUTREQ

ROUTREQ 6.


1. Call origination

2. LOCREQ

ROUTREQ 5.

(busy)LOCREQ (busy) 7.

Busy 8.

LOCREQ Location request messages:

ROUTREQ Routing request message



Call setup


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Handoff Measurement Request


Adjacent MSCs 1 to n Serving system

(MSC1) HANDOFFMEASURREQ 1.

(MSCn) HANDOFFMEASURREQ 1.

2. HANDOFFMEASURREQ (MSC1)

2. HANDOFFMEASURREQ (MSCn)

etc.


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Recovery from Failure at the HLR

UNRELDIR Unreliable roamer data directive

REGNOT Registration notification messages:


UNRELDIR

1. UNRELDIR

REGNOT 3.

REGNOT

REGNOT 4.

REGNOT

Other system Serving system

UNRELDIR

2. UNRELDIR


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GSM

Gro p Special Mobile OR


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Group Special Mobile OR

Global System for Mobile Communications :Europe

GSM infrastructure (TDMA)

Functional planes Channels

The subscriber identity module

Interfaces Layers and planes

Overview of operations

Formats of messages (the TDMA burst) Operations


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GSM Infrastructure

MS: Mobile Station

BTS: Base Transceiver Station

BSC: Base station Controller

MSC: Mobile Switching Center

EIR: Equipment Identity Register

AC: Authentication Center

HLR: Home Location Register

VLR: Visitor Location Register

GMSC: Gateway MSC

PSTN: Public Switching Telephone

Network

MSCBSCBTS

BTS

BTS

MS

HLR

VLR

EIR

AC

MS

GatewayMSC

PSTN

Base Station System(BSS)

Um Abis A

Interface


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Functionalities of Constituents of GSM

Base Station Controller (BSC): looks over a certain number of BTS

to ensure proper operation, takes care of Handoff between BTSs.

Mobile Switching Center (MSC): Mainly performs the switching by

controlling calls to and from other telephone/data systems. Also,

performs functions such as network interfacing, common channel

signaling, etc.

Authentication Center (AC): AC unit provides authentication and

encryption parameters that verify the user's identity and ensure the

confidentiality of each call

Equipment Identity Register (EIR): EIR is a database that containsinformation about the identity of mobile equipment that prevents calls

from stolen, unauthorized, or defective MSs.


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Frequency Band Used by GSM

Uplink (reverse) Downlink (forward)

890 MHz 915 MHz 935 MHz 960 MHz

Frequency band for the MS Frequency band for the BS

1241 2

200 kHz

1241 2

200 kHz

124 available FDM channels


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Channels in GSM

BSMSBSMS

TCH/f (Full-rate traffic channel)TCH/s (Half-rate traffic channel)

TCH(Traffic Channel)

TrafficChannel

DCCH

(Dedicated control channel)

CCCH

(Common control channel)

BCCH

(Broadcast control channel)

Group

BSMS

BSMS

BSMS

SDCCH (Stand-alone dedicated control channel)

SACCH (Slow associated control channel)

FACCH (Fast associated control channel)

BSMS

MS BS

BSMS

PCH (Paging channel)

RACH (Random access channel)

AGCH (Access grand channel)

Control

Channel

BSMS

BSMS

BSMS

BCCH (Broadcast control channel)

FCCH (Frequency correction channel)

SCH (Synchronization channel)

DirectionChannel


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Control Channels of GSM

Control Channels used to Broadcast Information to all MSs. Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH): Used to transmit the system

parameters like the frequency of operation in the cell, operator identifiers,

etc.,

Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH): Used for transmission offrequency references and frequency correction bursts

Synchronization Channel (SCH): Used to provide the synchronization

training sequences burst of 64 bits length to the MSs.

Control Channels used to establish link between MS and BS Random Access Channel (RACH): Used by the MS to transmit

information regarding the requested dedicated channel from GSM.

Paging Channel: Used by the BS to communicate with individual MS inthe cell.

Access Grant Channel: Used by the BS to send information about timingand synchronization.


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Control Channels of GSM

Dedicated Control Channels used to serve for any control

information transmission during the actual communication

Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH): Allocated along with a

user channel, for transmission of control information during the actual

transmission.

Stand-alone dedicated Control Channel: Allocated with SACCH, used

for transfer of signaling information between the BS and the MS.

Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH):Not a dedicated channelbut carries the same information as SDCCH. But, it is a part of Traffic

channel while SDCCH is a part of control channel


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Frames in GSM

1 hyperframe = 2048 superframes = 2715684 TDMA frames (3 hr, 28 min, 53 s, 750 ms

0 1 2 2046 2047

0 1 2 49 50

252410

0 1 2 24 25 0 1 2 24 25

0 1 2 6 7 0 1 2 6 7

TCH,

SACCH,

FACCH

FCCH, SCH, BCCH, RACH,

AGCH, PCH, SDCCH, CBCH,

SACCH

Hyperframe

Superframe

Multiframe

TDMA frame


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Structure of a TDMA Frame

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Frame = 4.615 ms

Time slot = 0.557 ms

Tail bits Data bits Training Data bits Tail bits

3 58 26 58 3

A carrier frequency is divided into eight physical TDM

channels (i.e., 8 time slots)

Burst = 148 bits

Time slot = 156.25 bits

(including 8.25 Guard bits)

International Mobile Subscriber Identity


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International Mobile Subscriber Identity

(IMSI)

Each mobile unit is identified uniquely with a set of values.

These values are used to identify the country in which the

mobile system resides, the mobile network, and the mobilesubscriber.

The remainder of the IMSI is made up of the mobile

subscriber identification code (MSIC), which is the customeridentification number.

The IMSI is also used for an MSC/VLR to find out the

subscribers home PLMN (Public land mobile network).

The IMSI is stored on the subscriber identity module (SIM),

which is located in the subscribers mobile unit.


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Format of IMSI

Mobile country code

(MCC)

Mobile network code

(MNC)

Mobile subscriber

identification code (MSIC)

15 digits or less

3 digits 2 digits Up to 9 digits

Example:

MCC = 05 Australia; MCC = 234 UK

MNC = 01 Telecom Australia; MNC = 234 UK Vodafone


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Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

SIM contains subscriber-specific information such as:

Phone numbers,

Personal identification number (PIN),

Security/Authentication parameters.

SIM can also be used to store short message.

SIM can be a small plug-in module that is placed(somewhat permanently) in the mobile unit, or it can be a

card (like a credit card).

A modular portable SIM allows a user to use different

terminal sets.

SIM supports roaming.


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Mobile System ISDN (MSISDN)

MSISDN is the number that the calling party dials in order

to reach the subscriber.

It is used by the land network to route calls toward anappropriate MSC.

Country code(MCC)

National destination code(NDC)

Subscriber number(SN)

15 digits or less

1 to 3 digits Variable Variable

The format of MSISDN


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Location Area Identity (LAI)

LAI identifies a cell or a group of cells.

Relation between areas in GSM:

Mobile country code

(MCC)

Mobile network code

(MNC)

Mobile subscriber

identification code (MSIC)

15 digits or less

3 digits 1 or 2 digits Up to 9 digits

The format of LAI

CellLocation area

(LA)

One MSC

PLMN

(one or more per country)

GSM service area

(all member counties)

International MS Equipment Identity


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q p y

(IMSEI)

IMSEI is assigned to each GSM unit at the factory.

Type approval code

(TAC)

Final assembly code

(FAC)

Serial number

(MSIC)

15 digits or less

3 digits 1 or 2 digits Up to 9 digits

The format of IMSEI

Spare 1 digit


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Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN)

MSRN is allocated on a temporary basis when the MS

roams into another numbering area.

MSRN is used by the HLR for rerouting call to the MS.

Country code(MCC)

National destination code(NDC)

Subscriber number(SN)

15 digits or less

1 to 3 digits Variable Variable

The format of MSRN

IMSI d TMSI


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IMSI and TMSI

TMSI is an alias, used in place of the IMSI. This value is

sent over the air interface in place of the IMSI for purposes

of security.

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)

IMSI is the primary function of subscriber within themobile network and is permanently assigned to him.

I t f f GSM


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Interfaces of GSM

MAPn

GF

E

D

C

B

A

MSC VLRUm

MSC HLRAbis

HLR VLR

VLR VLRMSC EIR

MSC MSC

HLR VLR

MSC HLR

MSC VLR

BetweenInterface Designation

GSM La ers and Planes


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GSM Layers and Planes

MSCBSCBTSMS

HLR

VLR

EIR

AC

Gateway

MSC

Um Abis A

Layer 1

LAPDm

Q.931+

Layer 1

LAPD

Q.931+

Layer 1

MTP

SCCP

MAP

Layer 1

MTP

SCCP

TCAP

MAPn

DTAP, BSSMAP

LAPD Link access procedure for the D channel

LAPDm LAPD for a mobile link

MTP Message transfer part

SCCP Signaling connection control part

DTAP Direct transfer application part

BSSMAP BSS management part

TCAP Transaction capabilities application part

Q.931+ -- ISDN layer 3 protocol

HLR

VLR

EIR

AC

GSM Functional Planes


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GSM Functional Planes

Operations, Administration

& Maintenance (OAM)

Communication

Management (CM)

Mobility Management

(MM)

Radio Resource

Management (RR)

Physical

Sending

entity

Receiving

entity

Channel

Authentication Process


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Authentication Process

Mobile Station

Authentication

Algorithm A3

Key

Fixed Network

Authentication

Algorithm A3

Key

Compare

Radio path

RAND

(Random number)

SRES

(Signed response)

SRES

Yes/No

IMSIIMSI RAND

Handover (Handoff)


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Handover (Handoff)

A connection is changed between two cells that

are in different MSC areas.

Inter-MSC

A connection is changed between two cells that

are served by different BSCs but operate in the

area of the same MSC.

Inter-BSC / Intra-MSC

In this case there is a change in radio channelbetween two cells that are served by the same

BSC.

Inter-cell / Intra-BSC

The channel for the connection is changed within

the cell, e.g., if the channel has a high level ofinterference. The change can apply to another

frequency of the same cell or to another time slot

of the same frequency.

Intra-cell / Intra-BTS

DescriptionHandover

Handover (BSS 1 BSS 2) Executed with an MSC


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Handover (BSS 1 BSS 2) Executed with an MSC

MS BSS1 MSC BSS 2 MS

Measured ValueHandover Request Handover Request

Handover Request

AcknowledgementHandover CommandHandover Command

Handover (Handoff)

Handover CompleteHandover Complete

Clear Command

Clear Complete

Intra-MSC Handover


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Intra-MSC Handover

MS BTS1

Measurement Report

Clear Command

BSC1

Measurement Result

Clear Command

MSC

Handover Required

Handover Complete

BSC2

Handover Complete

BTS 2

Channel Activation

(Handover Detection)

Handover Request

Channel Activation

Ack.Handover Request

Ack.Handover CommandHandover Command

Handover Command

(Handover Detection)

Physical Information

SABM

Clear CompleteClear Complete

Handover (Handoff)

Inter-MSC Handover


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Inter-MSC Handover

PSTN/ISDN

MSC MSC A

Area Boundary

(a) Basic handover

PSTN/ISDN

MSC MSC A

(b) Subsequent handover

MSC B

Area Boundary

Anchor Anchor


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PCS

PCS (Personal Communications Service)


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PCS (Personal Communications Service)

The FCC view of PCS

PCS spectrum allocation

Standards

High-low tier systems

CT-2 and DECT TDD slots

DECT support for data

Comparison of CT-2 and DECT

Bellcore view of PCS

Bellcore PCS reference architecture

Another view of the interfaces

The TDM and TDMA frames

Example of PCS operations A MAN backbone for PCS

A MAN backbone for the PCS services

The FCC View of PCS


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The FCC View of PCS

CATV PublicCellular

provider

Specializedmobile

network

Others

PCS base

station

PCS

switch

MS

PCS base

station

PCS

switch

MS

PCS Spectrum Allocation


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PCS Spectrum Allocation

60 MHz

1850 1910 1930 1990 MHz

20 MHz 60 MHz

PCS Handset PCS Base

A

30 MHz

D

10 MHz

B

30 MHz

E

10 MHz

F

10 MHz

C 30

MHz

Six bands

Uplink Downlink

The Six PCS Standards


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e S CS Sta da ds

High tier Low tier

IS-54 based

IS-95 based

DCS based

PACS

W-CDMA

DECT based

DCS Digital Communications Service

PACS Personal Access Communications Systems

DECT Digital European Cordless Telephone

The PCS High-Tier Standards


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g

13/6.5 kbps8/4/2/1 kbps8/4 kbpsVocoder

YesRake filtersYesEqualizer

4.165 ms20 ms40 msFrame length

125 mw200 mw100 mwPower

417Frequency reuse

GMSKQPSK/4 DQPSKModulation

8103x AMPS

8203Cannels/carrier

200 KHz1.25 MHz30 KHZCarrier BWFDDFDDFDDDuplexing

TDMACDMATDMAMAC

DCS basedIS-95 basedIS-54 based

The PCS Low-Tier Standards


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32 kbps>32 kbps32 kbpsVocoder

NoNoYesEqualizer

10 ms40 msFrame length

20.8 mw500 mw100 mwPower

917Frequency reuseGFSKQPSK/4 DQPSKModulation

0.2160.8x AMPS

121288Cannels/carrier

1728 KHz>5 MHz300 KHZCarrier BW

TDDFDDFDDDuplexing

TDMAW-CDMATDMAMAC

DECT basedW-CDMAPACS

In discussion

CT2 TDD Slots (First-generation)


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( g )

B channel Information channel

D channel Control channel

GP Guard period

Fixed-to-Mobile Mobile-to Fixed

D DB Channel

2 264

GPGP

1ms

2 ms

CT2 Cordless telephone or cordless communications systems)

DECT TDD Slots (Second-generation)


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( g )

Fixed-to-Mobile Mobile-to Fixed

64

10 ms

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

64 bitsP S C I

H CRCDATA

8 1640

16 320

DECT Digital European Cordless Telephone

Bellcore PCS Reference Architecture


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RP RPCU Switch

OAM

SS7

HLRVLRAM

Advanced intelligent network

P

A

Othernetworks

Forward TDMA Frame


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20 ms

70

70

Sync channel Slow channel Fast channel CRC PCC

14 10 80 15 1

120 bits

2.5 ms

0.312 ms

dharma chapt 10_part_i sistemas inalambricos existentes 2002

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