dgac 2010 anotaciones del dr. juan herrera salazar d4 - carbohidratos
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DR. JUAN HERRERA SALAZARDR. JUAN HERRERA SALAZAR
Revisin Seminarios Clnica de Asma y Alergia .Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar , Managua , Nicaragua
Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 2278Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 2278--1169, 22701169, 2270--3359, 89463359, 8946--5022, 88825022, 8882--55135513 09/08/201109/08/2011 11
New !New !
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DGAC 2010
Carbohidratos
8/9/20118/9/2011Juan Herrera SalazarJuan Herrera Salazar
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USDA,USDA, NutrientNutrient DataData
DietaryDietary GuidelinesGuidelines forfor AmericansAmericans 20102010Biochem Org Medicalal BiochemestryBiochemestry
BenBen BestBest,, ProofProof PositivePositive NeildNeild NedleyNedley, MD., MD.AIH. Academia Internacional de HomotoxicologaGrupo Adventista del Sptimo Da
Notas crticas y comentarios: Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar
Seminarios Clnica de Asma y Alergia
JHSJHS
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Azucares
Herramienta Para Mdicos :Herramienta Para Mdicos :
Consulta Nutricional, Prevencin delConsulta Nutricional, Prevencin delSndrome Metablico y TerapiaSndrome Metablico y Terapia
AntiAnti--HomotxicaHomotxica,, AddendumAddendum
Clnica de Asma y AlergiaClnica de Asma y Alergia
JHSJHS
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China-Oxford-Cornell-Project
"Geographic study of mortality, biochemistry, diet and lifestyle in rural China",
"Huge Study Of Diet Indicts Fat And Meat", .
"Diet, lifestyle, and mortality in China: a study of the characteristics of 65 Chinese
counties",American Journal of Epidemiology, accessed February 3, 2011.
Junshi Chen; Banoo Parpia; T. Colin Campbell (1998). "Diet,
lifestyle, and the etiology of coronary artery disease: the Cornell
China Study". The American Journal of Cardiology (Elsevier
Science) 82 (10 Supplement 2). PMID 9860369.
Julius Leyton; Robert Parker; Wenxun Fan; T. Colin Campbell;Kebreab Ghebremeskel; Junyao Li; Junshi Chen; Michael A. Crawford
et al. (2003).
"Fish consumption, blood docosahexaenoic acid and chronic diseases
in Chinese rural populations".Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology, Part A (Elsevier Science)136
(1).8/9/20118/9/2011Juan Herrera SalazarJuan Herrera Salazar 44
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Disminuya el riesgo cardiovascular
y de diabetes tipo 2 con dietabalanceada y ejercicio
Disminuya el riesgo cardiovascular
y de diabetes tipo 2 con dietabalanceada y ejercicio
Ver notas y bibliografa, para cada diapositivaVer notas y bibliografa, para cada diapositiva
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Tipo IITipo II
90% de todos
los diabticos
90% de todos
los diabticos
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La obesidad
y el exceso
de grasa
La obesidad
y el exceso
de grasa
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La inactividadLa inactividad
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Monosacridos
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Disacridos
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Lactosa exclusiva de la
Leche, Mamferos
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SoyaSoyaFuentes de fibra, cidos grasosFuentes de fibra, cidos grasos
esenciales.esenciales.
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Maltosio
Producto de ladegradacin delos almidones,est compuesto
de dosmonomeros deglucosa enlegame an (1,4)glicosdico.
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Carbohidratos
Fibra incluye la fibrade la dieta, natural, y lafibra funcional , queson aisladas y tienenpeculiaridadesfuncionales
beneficiosasfisiolgicas positivaspara la salud.
No analytical measuresexist to separate dietaryfiber and functionalfiber, so the
Nutrition Facts Labellists Dietary Fiberwhich is actually totalfiber.
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Polisacridos
PlantasHomopolisacridos
La mayora de los carbohidratosencontrados en la naturaleza , se
encuentran bajo la forma de azucaresde alto peso molecular, llamadospolisacridos.
El compuesto monomricopredominante es la D-glucosa.
Cuando los polisacridos estan
compuestos de un monosoacridosimple estos se denominanhomopolisacridos.
Si se componen de variadosmonosacridos se les denominaheteropolisacridos.
Glycogen homopolmero
compacto y ramificadocada 6-8 residuos,
mamferos
Almidones
Amilopectinas msramificados.
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Adequate amounts of dietary fiber help to maintain
health and reduce risks of colon cancer andcoronary artery disease.
Sources of dietary fiber in the U.S. food supply are: Grain products
Vegetables
Fruits
Legumes, nuts, and soy
Key MessagesKey Messages
LisaLisa BenteBente, RD; Hazel, RD; Hazel HizaHiza, PhD, RD;, PhD, RD;
and Thomasand Thomas FungweFungwe, PhD, PhD
Ver notas bibliogrficasVer notas bibliogrficas
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The functional properties of dietary fiber have
significant protective effects against some
chronic diseases.
Eating grains, especially whole grains, provides
such health benefits as reduced risk of coronaryheart disease and colon cancer.
The Importance of ConsumingThe Importance of ConsumingAdequate Dietary FiberAdequate Dietary Fiber
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1919
Dietary fiber (commonly called bulk or roughage) isthe edible nondigestible component of carbohydrateand lignin naturally found in plant food;* however,bacteria in the lower gut may metabolize part of it.
Major sources of dietary fiber include cereal bran,sweet potatoes, and legumes.
Total Fiber = Dietary Fiber + Functional (or added) FiberTotal Fiber = Dietary Fiber + Functional (or added) Fiber
(Excluded: fiber(Excluded: fiber--like products, either extracted orlike products, either extracted orsynthesized, that do not have proven health benefits.)synthesized, that do not have proven health benefits.)
*IOM definition.*IOM definition.
Dietary Fiber DefinedDietary Fiber Defined
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2020
Dietary Fiber: Soluble and InsolubleDietary Fiber: Soluble and Insoluble
Soluble and insoluble dietary fibers are generallySoluble and insoluble dietary fibers are generally
found together in foods. However, some foodsfound together in foods. However, some foodsare better sources of one type than of the other.are better sources of one type than of the other.
Soluble dietary fiber is digestible.Soluble dietary fiber is digestible.
Insoluble dietary fiber is nondigestible.Insoluble dietary fiber is nondigestible.
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2121
Benefits and Sources of Soluble FiberBenefits and Sources of Soluble Fiber
Soluble fiber attracts water and turns to gel duringSoluble fiber attracts water and turns to gel during
digestion, thus slowing digestion.digestion, thus slowing digestion.
Research shows that soluble fiber lowersResearch shows that soluble fiber lowers
cholesterol (important in the prevention of heartcholesterol (important in the prevention of heart
disease) and delays glucose absorption (importantdisease) and delays glucose absorption (important
in glucose control).in glucose control).
Oat bran, barley, beans, and lentils are primaryOat bran, barley, beans, and lentils are primary
sources of soluble fiber.sources of soluble fiber.
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Benefits and Sources of Insoluble FiberBenefits and Sources of Insoluble Fiber
Insoluble fiber appears to speed the passage ofInsoluble fiber appears to speed the passage of
foods through the stomach and intestines.foods through the stomach and intestines.
Insoluble fiber adds bulk to the stool, reducingInsoluble fiber adds bulk to the stool, reducing
the incidence of constipationthe incidence of constipation..
Wheat bran, vegetables, and whole grains areWheat bran, vegetables, and whole grains are
primary sources of insoluble fiber.primary sources of insoluble fiber.
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Daily Recommendations of Dietary FiberDaily Recommendations of Dietary FiberNeeded* by Age/GenderNeeded* by Age/Gender
Years GramsYears Grams YearsYears GramsGrams YearsYears GramsGrams
*Recommendations, in grams, are based on*Recommendations, in grams, are based on
Estimated Average Requirements (EARs).Estimated Average Requirements (EARs).
ChildrenChildren MalesMales FemalesFemales
11--33 1919 99--1313 3131 99--1818 2626
44--88 2525 1414--5050 3838 1919--5050 2525
51+51+ 3030 51+51+ 2121
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Pregunta 1
Cules son losbeneficios de lasfibras de ladieta.
Conclusin .
Amoderate body ofevidence suggests thatdietary fiber fromwhole foods protectsagainst cardiovasculardisease, obesity, andtype 2 diabetes and isessential for optimaldigestive health.
The 2002 DRIs defined dietary fiber as non-digestiblecarbohydrates and lignin that are intrinsic and intact inplants. Functional fiber consists of the isolated non-digestible carbohydrates that have beneficialphysiological effects in human beings (IOM, 2002). Totalfiber is the sum of dietary fiber and functional fiber.
Implications
SinceDietary fiber is under-consumed across allsegments of theAmerican population. Thedevelopment of many risk factors that areassociated with incidence of several highlyprevalent chronic diseases could be reduced byincreasing consumption of naturally-occurringplant-based foods that are high in dietary fiber,including whole grain foods, cooked dry beans andpeas, vegetables, fruits and nuts .
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Fibra de la dieta
Enf. Cardiovascular Prevencin de la Obesidad
ADA position paper:
dietary fiber from whole foodsor supplements may lower bloodpressure, improve serum lipids,and reduce indicators ofinflammation. Benefits mayoccur with intakes of 12 to 33 g
fiber per day from whole foodsor up to 42.5 g fiber per day fromsupplements.
Menos circunferencia dela cintura y peso
Menos Adiposidad visceral
3g/1000 K cal
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Fibra de la dieta
Pregunta 2 Granos integrales
Relacin entre la ingesta decereales integrales y beneficios
para la salud.
Amoderate body of evidencefrom large prospective cohortstudies shows that whole grainintake, which includes cereal
fiber, protects againstcardiovascular disease.
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Grano de trigoGrano de trigo Grano de arrozGrano de arroz
SalvadoSalvado
GermenGermen
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Granos
integrales
Granos
integrales
No comer ad libitumNo comer ad libitum
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Fibra en la dieta
Cul es la relacin de la ingesta de las
frutas y verduras excluyendo el jugo,y los resultados de salud.
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Frutas y verduras
Conclusin Implicaciones
Consistent evidence suggests atleast a moderate inverserelationship between vegetable
and fruit consumption withmyocardial infarction andstroke, with significantly larger,positive effects noted above fiveservings of vegetables and fruitsper day.
Evidence also indicates thatsome types of vegetables andfruits are probably protectiveagainst some cancers.
Vegetables and fruits arenutrient-dense and relatively low
in calories. In order to meet therecommended intakes,Americans should emphasizevegetables and fruits in theirdaily food choices, withoutadded solid fats, sugars,
starches or sodium to maximizehealth benefits.
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Frutas y Verduras
DGCA afirma:
Part of the
healthful effect ofvegetables andfruits, includingprotection
against cancer
risk, may be dueto the effect ofphytochemicals
Technically, phytochemicals
are not essential to the diet,
so no daily requirement has
been established for them,but they are bioactive andthere may be as many as
100,000 differentcompounds.
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LicopeneLicopene,, pinkpink grapefruitgrapefruit, papaya, papaya fitoqumicosfitoqumicos
ms de 100000ms de 100000
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Regla del Arco Iris
Rainbow Regla prctica JHS
Como verduras de todos
los colores
Y frutas de todos los
colores
7 colores diferentes 7 das
de la semana
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Coma menos grasa y
coma ms frutas... 5-7porciones
Coma menos grasa y
coma ms frutas... 5-7porciones
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Fibra de la dieta
Diabetes tipo 2 Salud intestinal
diets providing 30 to 50g
fiber per day from wholefood sources consistentlyproduce lower serumglucose levels compared toa low fiber diet.
Hawaii over a 14-yearperiod se reduce elriesgo de 22%
Mejora trnsito intestinal
laxante Few fiber supplements
have been studied forphysiologicaleffectiveness, so the best
advice is to consume fiberin foods (Slavin, 2008).
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Pregunta 4
Cul es la
relacin entre laingesta de
alimentos conalto indiceglicmico , el
peso, el diabetede tipo 2 , las
enfermedadescardiovascularesy el cancer.
Conclusion
Amoderate body of inconsistent evidence supports arelationship between high glycemic index and type 2diabetes.
Strong, convincing evidence shows little associationbetween glycemic load and type 2 diabetes.
Implications
When selecting carbohydrate foods, there is no need forconcern with their glycemic index or glycemic load.
What is important to heed is their calories, caloric density,and fiber content.
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Dieta de origen
vegetal bajaen grasa, ricaen fibra
Dieta de origen
vegetal bajaen grasa, ricaen fibra
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Hagaejercicio
regularmente
Hagaejercicio
regularmente
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Pregunta 5
En adultos querelacin existe entre
ingesta de bebidasazucaradas y la
ingesta de energa y elpeso corporal
Las Colas
concentrados deazucarfructosa
El sirope de maz
Peligro de SndromeMetablico
What is the significance of added sugars intake tohuman health?
Their conclusion was, Compared with individuals who
consume small amounts of foods and beverages that arehigh in added sugars, those who consume large amountstend to consume more calories but smaller amounts ofmicronutrients.Although more research is needed,available prospective studies suggest a positiveassociation between the consumption of SSB and weightgain.A reduced intake of added sugars (especially SSB)may be helpful in achieving recommended intakes ofnutrients and in weight control.
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La pregunta que todos estamos
esperando
Pregunta 6 A few observational studies
Los endulzantes sincaloras , sonbeneficiosos para lasalud, su relacin con laingesta de caloras y el
peso corporal.
reported that individuals whouse non-caloric sweeteners are
more likely to gain weight or be
heavier . Implications
The replacement of sugar-sweetened foods
and beverages with sugar-free products shouldtheoretically reduce body weight. Yet many
questions remain, as epidemiologic studiesshow a positive link with use of nonnutritive
sweeteners and BMI.
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Cambiospermanentes en
el estilo de vida
Cambiospermanentes en
el estilo de vida
No se puede todo No se puede todo
remediar con un Quickremediar con un Quick
Fix
Fix, una simple, una simpleprescripcinprescripcin
Es necesario unEs necesario un
cambio de filosofacambio de filosofa
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Cuales son endulzantes
In adults, does usingfoods or beverages with
non-nutritivesweeteners (saccharin,
aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, neotame)
in a calorie-restricted orad libitum diet affectenergy balance? (ADA,2009).
Sacarina
Aspartame
Acesulfame
Sucralose
Neotame
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Endulzantes sin caloras
Intense sweeteners help lowerenergy density of beverages and
foods, which should result in lowerenergy intakes. Concern about
negative effects of diet soft drinkconsumption on energy intake camefrom animal studies that suggestedan increased food intake and weight
gain following prolonged exposureto saccharin-sweetened yogurt
(Swithers, 2008). This studysuggested that artificial sweetenersuncouple a relationship betweensweet taste and energy, which
promoted the rats to consume morefood and gain weight.
Replacing sugar with low-calorie sweeteners is a
common strategy tofacilitate weight control
(Bellisle, 2007). Mattes and Popkin (2008)
estimate that 15 percent ofthe US population ingests
nonnutritive sweeteners,but that percentage isincreasing.
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Endulzantes sin caloras
Intense sweeteners help lowerenergy density of beverages and
foods, which should result in lowerenergy intakes. Concern about
negative effects of diet soft drinkconsumption on energy intake camefrom animal studies that suggestedan increased food intake and weight
gain following prolonged exposureto saccharin-sweetened yogurt
(Swithers, 2008).
. This study suggested thatartificial sweeteners
uncouple a relationshipbetween sweet taste and
energy, which promotedthe rats to consume morefood and gain weight.
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LaLa FDAFDA nunca cumpli su prometidonunca cumpli su prometido
de advertir a la poblacin sobre losde advertir a la poblacin sobre los
efectos negativos de los endulzantes sin caloras.efectos negativos de los endulzantes sin caloras.
Lobby de la industria en Washington ?Lobby de la industria en Washington ?
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Endulzantes sin caloras
Artificial sweetenersNutrasweet
Endulzantes artificiales
Aumento de Peso A
m J Clin Nutrition 1990 Jun ;51(6):963-969.
Nutrition action Heaklth letterWashington DC. ( CSPI, june 1995., p,9.800,237-4874.
Interview with Aspartame Expert CorrineGouget in French: Part 1 | Part 2 | Part
3 | Part 4 | Part 5
NutrasweetAspartame oxicity InfoCenter.
Excitotoxin (Aspartame,
MSG) presentation byNeuroscientist RussellBlaylock
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Pregunta 7
Impacto de unadieta lquida vs unadieta slida sobrela ingesta de
energa y el pesocorporal.
Atencin a lascaloras
Conclusion
A limited body of evidence shows
conflicting results about whetherliquid and solid foods differ intheir effects on energy intakeand body weight except that
liquids in the form of soup maylead to decreased energy intakeand body weight.
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Exceso de caloras de la
Dieta
Exceso de caloras de la
Dieta
Enfermedadesdel corazn
Cncer
Enfermedadesdel corazn
Cncer
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Se reduce el riesgo deSe reduce el riesgo de
Enfermedadesdel corazn
Diabetes tipo II
Hipertensin
Enfermedadesdel corazn
Diabetes tipo II
Hipertensin
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SoyaSoyaFuentes de cidos grasos esencialesFuentes de cidos grasos esenciales
ALA, nALA, n--3: aceite de maz, girasol ,3: aceite de maz, girasol ,
lino,lino, safrnsafrn..
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Pregunta 8
What is the Role ofCarbohydrate, Fiber,
Protein, Fat, and FoodForm on Satiety?
Conclusion
Many factors affectsatiety and moststudies are conducted
in laboratory settings tocontrol for variables.
Thus results may not be
generalized to the morecomplicated eatingenvironment of the
outside world. Foodshigh in dietary fiber
generally are more
satiating than low fiberfoods, although some
Implications
Intakes of caloric preloads, whethercarbohydrate, protein, or fat, typically
increase satiety. Protein and carbohydratemay be more satiating than fat, althoughstudies are not consistent.
Dietary fiber, especially from whole foods,appears to enhance satiety in studies. Not all
fibers added to beverages or foods are equallysatiating.
In fact, some functional fibers show no effecton satiety.
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CondimentarCondimentar Aceite de Oliva ExtraAceite de Oliva Extra
VirgenVirgen
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Comida RpidaComida RpidaRegaleseRegalese un poco de pazun poco de paz
espiritualespiritual
No hay apuro No hay apuro
Encuentre paz Encuentre paz
Tmese el tiempo comaTmese el tiempo coma
en familia.en familia.
El mejor antioxidante esEl mejor antioxidante es
el amor de la familia.el amor de la familia.
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La diabetes no es por deficiencia de insulina...
El aumento de la grasa visceral,provocaresistencia a la insulina..
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Pregunta 9
Cul es el
papel de los
prebiticos yde los
probiticos?
Gut microflora play a role in
health, although the
research in this area is still
developing. Foods high inprebiotics (wheat, onions,garlic) may be consumed, as
well as food concentrated in
probiotics (yogurt), withinaccepted dietary patterns.
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16%16%comen alimentosaltos en fibra y comidas
inte rales
comen alimentos
altos en fibra y comidas
inte rales
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20%20%comen frutas y vegetalesricos en carotenoscomen frutas y vegetalesricos en carotenos
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18%18%comen vegetales de lafamilia de las crucferascomen vegetales de lafamilia de las crucferas
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Grano de trigoGrano de trigo Grano de arrozGrano de arroz
SalvadoSalvado
GermenGermen
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Prebiticos y probiticos
Cebollas
Ajo
trigo
fructooligosacaridos
Lactooligosacaridos
Prebiotics are defined as a non-digestiblefood ingredient that beneficially affects thehost by selectively stimulating the growthand/or activity of one or a limited number of
bacteria in the colon, and thus improves hosthealth (De Vrese, 2008). Oligosaccharides suchas fructo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides are generally accepted asprebiotics and are often added to infantformula and other food products.
SynbioticsSynbiotics are combinations of bothare combinations of both
probioticsprobiotics andand prebiotics prebiotics. . eliminationelimination
ofof allergiesallergies
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Prebiticos Probiticos
Thus, the DGAC
believes that the
gut microbiotado play a role inhealth,
although the
research in thisarea is still
developing.
No recommendations for intakeof prebiotics or probiotics for theA
merican people can be made,although foods high in prebiotics(wheat, onions, garlic) should beconsumed, as well as food
concentrated in probiotic(yogurt).
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Amplia variedadAmplia variedad
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Consumauna dieta
alta en
fibra
Consumauna dieta
alta en
fibra
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Y dijo Dios: He aqu
os he dado todaplanta que da
semilla, que est
sobre toda la tierra,y todo rbol en que
hay fruto, y que da
semilla; os sernpara comer.
Gnesis 1:20
Y dijo Dios: He aqu
os he dado todaplanta que da
semilla, que est
sobre toda la tierra,y todo rbol en que
hay fruto, y que da
semilla; os sernpara comer.
Gnesis 1:20
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Fin
Gracias!
Desde Nicaragua, Clnica de Asma yAlergia Seminarios 2011.