deworming broiler breeders mike agar- ba,bsc-ag. intervet canada ltd
TRANSCRIPT
Deworming Broiler BreedersDeworming Broiler Breeders
Mike Agar- Ba,Bsc-Ag.Mike Agar- Ba,Bsc-Ag.
Intervet Canada Ltd.Intervet Canada Ltd.
IntroductionIntroduction
Industry has made immense progress Industry has made immense progress in nutrition/housing/genetics...in nutrition/housing/genetics...
Long standing problem: i.e. Ascarids.Long standing problem: i.e. Ascarids. Parasite eggs are extremely resistant. Parasite eggs are extremely resistant.
- Require live steam to kill- Require live steam to kill
Breeders exposed to worm challenge.Breeders exposed to worm challenge.
Parasite ControlParasite Control
Seldom see clinical parasitic disease.Seldom see clinical parasitic disease. Sub-clinical diseaseSub-clinical disease
– major effect not from competition for major effect not from competition for nutrients but from:nutrients but from:
host tissue damagehost tissue damage alteration of physiological functionalteration of physiological function host reaction to the parasitehost reaction to the parasite
– slows down life cycleslows down life cycle– reduces egg sheddingreduces egg shedding
adverse immune reactionsadverse immune reactions suppression of the hosts immune responsesuppression of the hosts immune response
Immune SuppressionImmune Suppression
Increased susceptibility to other Increased susceptibility to other parasitesparasites
– increased susceptibility to bacterial and increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral diseasesviral diseases
– response to vaccinesresponse to vaccines
HairwormsHairworms((CapillariaCapillaria spp.) spp.)
Hairworms (Capillaria)Hairworms (Capillaria)
Worldwide distributionWorldwide distribution Intermediate host - none or Intermediate host - none or
earthwormearthworm Adult – thin Hair like Adult – thin Hair like
-intestine - 6- 25mm long -intestine - 6- 25mm long -crop & esophagus - 12-80mm -crop & esophagus - 12-80mm
Difficult to see on gross examination Difficult to see on gross examination - gut contents washed through fine mesh - gut contents washed through fine mesh sievesieve
Hairworms – Hairworms – Life cycle - directLife cycle - direct
Eggs passed in feces, become Eggs passed in feces, become infectiveinfective
Eggs ingested by birdsEggs ingested by birds Maturation in gut, no migrationMaturation in gut, no migration Prepatent period – 3 weeksPrepatent period – 3 weeks
Hairworms - Hairworms - Clinical SignsClinical Signs
Inflammation, thickening or Inflammation, thickening or hemorrhage of gut wallhemorrhage of gut wall
Clinical signs – emaciation, Clinical signs – emaciation, weakness, bloody diarrhea weakness, bloody diarrhea (Extreme)(Extreme)
Decreased egg production possible Decreased egg production possible
Hairworms - Hairworms - DiagnosisDiagnosis
Necropsy- dead bird or sacrificeNecropsy- dead bird or sacrifice
Fecal float – for presence of eggsFecal float – for presence of eggs
Cecal wormsCecal worms((Heterakis gallinarum)Heterakis gallinarum)
Cecal WormCecal Worm
Worldwide distributionWorldwide distributionAdults – 7 – 15mm longAdults – 7 – 15mm longEggs - ovoid, smooth shellEggs - ovoid, smooth shell Infest cecal pouchesInfest cecal pouches
Cecal worm - Cecal worm - life cyclelife cycle
Eggs passed in feces – become Eggs passed in feces – become infectiveinfective
Birds ingest eggs directlyBirds ingest eggs directlyLarvae hatch in the intestine Larvae hatch in the intestine
mature in Cecamature in CecaPrepatent period – 1 monthPrepatent period – 1 month
Cecal worm – Cecal worm – Pathogenesis/clinical signsPathogenesis/clinical signs
Thickening of cecal mucosa(lining)Thickening of cecal mucosa(lining)Hemorrhages – only in heavy Hemorrhages – only in heavy
infectionsinfectionsBlack head in turkeys as carrier of Black head in turkeys as carrier of
Histomonis meleagridis Histomonis meleagridis (protozoan)(protozoan)
Turkey
Round wormsRound worms((AscaridiaAscaridia spp.) spp.)
Roundworm – Roundworm – AscaridiaAscaridia spp.spp.
Worldwide distributionWorldwide distributionAdults – 16 – 120mm longAdults – 16 – 120mm longEggs - oval, smooth shellEggs - oval, smooth shell Infest Lumen and walls of the Infest Lumen and walls of the
intestine.intestine.
Large Roundworms
Roundworm - Roundworm - life cyclelife cycle
Adults live in the intestine for Adults live in the intestine for approximately 6 monthsapproximately 6 months
Eggs can survive in contaminated Eggs can survive in contaminated environments for 2 - 7 yearsenvironments for 2 - 7 years
Eggs are resistant to disinfectants, Eggs are resistant to disinfectants, they are killed by steam they are killed by steam
Roundworm - Roundworm - life cyclelife cycle
Eggs passed in fecesEggs passed in feces Develop into infective eggs – 10 daysDevelop into infective eggs – 10 days Infective eggs ingested by bird Infective eggs ingested by bird
- contaminated food, water, litter - contaminated food, water, litter Larvae hatch to gut lumen and migrate to Larvae hatch to gut lumen and migrate to
mucosa(Lining)mucosa(Lining) Mature to adult stage Mature to adult stage Prepatent period 5- 8 weeks Prepatent period 5- 8 weeks
Life Cycle-roundwormLife Cycle-roundworm
Female >1000 fertile Female >1000 fertile eggs/day/small intestine.eggs/day/small intestine.
Eggs passed in the litter in Eggs passed in the litter in droppingsdroppings
Optimal conditions eggs become in Optimal conditions eggs become in infective . 12 days summer:20days infective . 12 days summer:20days winter.winter.
Life cycle of roundworm Life cycle of roundworm cont’dcont’d
Pyramid population : Visual10 % in Pyramid population : Visual10 % in intestine:30 % L4,60 %in L3intestine:30 % L4,60 %in L3
Roundworm – Roundworm – Pathogenesis/Pathogenesis/Clinical signsClinical signs
Most serious in birds 1 – 3 months but Most serious in birds 1 – 3 months but throughout production as wellthroughout production as well
Mucosa damage from migrating Larvae – Mucosa damage from migrating Larvae – Hemorrhage & enteritisHemorrhage & enteritis
Clinical – diarrhea, unthriftiness, emaciation, Clinical – diarrhea, unthriftiness, emaciation, weakness, decreased egg productionweakness, decreased egg production
Adult worms may migrate up oviduct and be Adult worms may migrate up oviduct and be present in egg present in egg
Roundworm - diagnosisRoundworm - diagnosis
Adult Worms at necropsy, post Adult Worms at necropsy, post PiperazinePiperazine
Eggs in feces – fecal floatationEggs in feces – fecal floatation
Roundworm - Roundworm - economic economic losseslosses
ProductionProduction– competition for nutrientscompetition for nutrients
reduced growth rate and feed conversion reduced growth rate and feed conversion add 5% to 13% to the cost of productionadd 5% to 13% to the cost of production
Egg numbersEgg numbers
Hygromix –B Hygromix –B (Hygormycin)(Hygormycin)
No longer available in CanadaNo longer available in Canada Continuous feeding for 8 weeksContinuous feeding for 8 weeks Adults only – Roundworms, Adults only – Roundworms,
HairwormsHairworms Fairly narrow safety marginFairly narrow safety margin Cautions in handling in feed millCautions in handling in feed mill
Piprazine dewormerPiprazine dewormer Piprazine:Approved dewormer.Piprazine:Approved dewormer. Piprazine targets adult Roundworm only !Piprazine targets adult Roundworm only ! Piprazine stuns adult worms.expelled live.Piprazine stuns adult worms.expelled live. Piprazine must be consumed in 5-6 hours.Piprazine must be consumed in 5-6 hours. Mistakes;administration over 24 hours or Mistakes;administration over 24 hours or
same dosage for different weights.same dosage for different weights. Can be administered via water or feed.Can be administered via water or feed. Not effective against other wormsNot effective against other worms
Safe-Guard Safe-Guard (Fenbendazole)(Fenbendazole)
Multi-species dewormer:Multi-species dewormer:– EquineEquine– BovineBovine– PorcinePorcine– CanineCanine
– Avian – exceptions Avian – exceptions ((Canada requires Vet. Canada requires Vet. ScriptScript))
First registered in 1971, registered in First registered in 1971, registered in Canada in 1989Canada in 1989
Safe at 200X therapeutic doseSafe at 200X therapeutic dose
Safe-GuardSafe-GuardOnly Class II dewormer in the MIBOnly Class II dewormer in the MIB
– AscaridsAscarids – LL22 stage stage
– LL33 stagestage
– LL44 stagestage
– LateLate L L44 stage and stage and earlyearly and and mature adultmature adult
Safe-GuardSafe-GuardAlso Effective against – Also Effective against – Hairworms (Capillaria) – 60ppmHairworms (Capillaria) – 60ppm
Caecal Worms (Heterakis)Caecal Worms (Heterakis)
Safe-GuardSafe-Guard
Ovacidal and larvacidal activity Ovacidal and larvacidal activity has been shown against relevant has been shown against relevant parasite speciesparasite species
– egg shedding stops shortly after treatmentegg shedding stops shortly after treatment– larvae are non-viable shortly after deworminglarvae are non-viable shortly after deworming
Safe-GuardSafe-Guard Treatment choices Treatment choices
– can be fed over a 3 to 12 day periodcan be fed over a 3 to 12 day period Formulations Formulations (fenbendazole is tasteless)(fenbendazole is tasteless)
– palatable and readily consumed:palatable and readily consumed: 20% fenbendazole pre-mix20% fenbendazole pre-mix
No fasting/water starvation prior to No fasting/water starvation prior to treatmenttreatment
Zero withdrawal in other species Zero withdrawal in other species ((UponUpon Vet Script -Vet Script - cgFARAD – 24 days cgFARAD – 24 days recognized by CFIArecognized by CFIA))
Safe-Guard Safe-Guard
Benefits and AdvantagesBenefits and Advantages– complete worm control vs. other complete worm control vs. other
dewormersdewormers controls all economically significant controls all economically significant
wormsworms controls the L3 stage of the ascarid controls the L3 stage of the ascarid
worm; gut mucosa will not be damaged worm; gut mucosa will not be damaged shuts down egg shedding within 36 hrsshuts down egg shedding within 36 hrs
Safe-Guard Safe-Guard
Benefits and AdvantagesBenefits and Advantages– Withdrawal not concern on shipping Withdrawal not concern on shipping
(timing)(timing)– no residue in the manureno residue in the manure– non-toxicnon-toxic
Safe-GuardSafe-Guard
Benefits and AdvantagesBenefits and Advantages– deworm in the feed with non-handling deworm in the feed with non-handling
forms forms
Safe-Guard dewormer.Safe-Guard dewormer.
Broad spectrum. All stages.Broad spectrum. All stages. Non toxic.Non toxic. 30ppm concentration for 5 30ppm concentration for 5
feedings.feedings. Cleared for other species.Cleared for other species. Vet script required.Vet script required.
The 5-Step Approach to Internal The 5-Step Approach to Internal Parasite ControlParasite Control
Step 1Step 1- Diagnosis and - Diagnosis and assessmentassessment
Step 2Step 2- Design a control program - Design a control program - - including treatment, sanitation, litter including treatment, sanitation, litter managementmanagement
Step 3Step 3- Treatment- Treatment Step 4Step 4- Monitor/Follow-up- Monitor/Follow-up Step 5Step 5- Adjusting programs - Adjusting programs
Parasite - Parasite - Diagnosis/MonitoringDiagnosis/Monitoring
Fecal samplesFecal samples– composite of stool samples 2 x per composite of stool samples 2 x per
year i.e. pullets, post peakyear i.e. pullets, post peak
THE END, finally!THE END, finally!