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THYROFORTTHYROFORT
THYROFORT
Special engineer ing steels
EDELSTAHL WITTEN-KREFELD GMBH
Heat-treatable steels
THYROFORTTHYROFORT
THYROFORT
3
ContentsPage 4 – 5 General
Page 6 – 7 Special features
Page 8 – 9 Steel portraits
Page 10 – 13 Application examples
Page 14 – 15 Steel production
Page 16 – 17 Steel processing
Technical information
Page 18 – 20 Overview of grades and chemical composition
Page 21 – 22 Minimum yield points and tensile strength ranges
Material data
Page 24 – 65 Material data sheets
Technical information
Page 66 – 68 Thyrofort – The basics
Page 69 – 70 Heat treatment – Schematic representation
Page 71 Sampling according to DIN EN 10083
Page 72 – 73 Ruling heat treatment diameter
Page 74 Comparison of international standards
Page 75 Hardness comparison table
Page 76 Forms supplied
Page 77 Temperature Comparison
Page 78 List of photos
Wherever machines and their
components have to withstand
high dynamic stresses, the use of
special, high-performance steel
grades is essential. If a compo-
nent breaks, the machine grinds to
a halt, the entire installation has to
be stopped! Choosing the opti-
mum steel for the respective com-
ponent is of decisive importance
for productivity, cost-efficiency
and, above all, for safety. Thyrofort
is our brand name for high-
strength heat-treatable steels.
Compared to case-hardening
steels, these grades have a higher
carbon content in the region of
about 0.20 to 0.60%. While case-
hardened steels have a hard case
and a tough core, heat-treated
steels are characterized by high
strength all the way from the case
to the core.
These two types of steel are a
perfect match in large gearboxes:
the gearwheels are made of case-
hardened steel, while heat-treated
steel is used for the shafts.
4
Heat-treatable steels acquire
their high yield point, tensile
strength and fatigue strength
(combined with great toughness!)
by being hardened and tempered
at above 450 °C but below the
microstructural transformation
temperature. The great strength of
our Thyrofort steels is their opti-
mum adaptation to the respective
application.
Optimum full quenching and tem-
pering is guaranteed by choosing
the suitable steel as a function of
the workpiece cross-section.
The extraordinary purity and the
homogeneity of the microstructure
ensure consistent mechanical
properties, even with large cross-
sections.
Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld is in a
position to supply round billets of
up to 750 mm diameter and ma-
chined material of up to 400 mm
diameter. In this context, the
strength and toughness can be
specifically adjusted and combined
to meet the demands on the re-
spective component.
THYROFORT
A tough type through and Thyrofort,
5
Thyrofort heat-treatable steels
offer excellent hot formability.
Cold formability and machinability
are dependent on the carbon con-
tent and the crystalline structure.
Appropriate alloying and heat
treatment permit adjustment of
the microstructure for optimum
machinability.
The top quality of Thyrofort steels
is achieved through high process
reliability and modern installations
for melting, highly developed sec-
ondary metallurgy, vertical contin-
uous casting, remelting, hot
forming and modern test facilities.
Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld is in a
position to offer you a tailor-made
heat-treatable steel for every
application and every component.
Ask our material specialists for
advice.
Thyrofort – designed for
extraordinary stresses
through -if you have big things in mind
General
High fatigue strength
In heat-treatable steels, the differ-
ent service properties required for
the individual components, such
as high strength under static and
dynamic stress, toughness and
hardness, are set by way of the
chemical composition and a se-
quence of heat treatment opera-
Spot-on analysis
The strength and toughness of
the base material are determined
by its chemical composition and
the heat treatment it undergoes.
Consequently, the required prop-
erties are already specifically
aimed for when melting the steel.
The facilities in Witten and
Krefeld enable us to achieve a
spot-on, reliably reproducible
chemical composition.
Specific hardenability
By selecting the right alloying ele-
ments, we can specifically adapt
the hardenability of the material
to the geometry of the respective
component.
The most important alloying ele-
ments for heat-treatable steels
are chromium, nickel, molyb-
denum and vanadium. In addition
to unalloyed heat-treatable steels,
we also offer the following alloyed
versions: chromium-alloyed heat-
treatable steels, chromium-
molybdenum heat-treatable
steels, chromium-nickel-molybde-
num heat-treatable steels,
chromium-vanadium heat-treatable
6
steels and nickel-chromium-
molybdenum heat-treatable
steels.
Maximum purity
Extremely high purity is achieved
by secondary metallurgical treat-
ment, vertical continuous casting,
or by remelting. Undesirable non-
metallic inclusions are virtually
ruled out.
Highly reliable fine grain
The fine grain of our Thyrofort
grades is achieved in a highly reli-
able and controllable manner by
targeted adjustment of the alu-
minium and nitrogen contents.
No other manufacturer of special
steel can beat the high degree of
macroscopic and microscopic
purity and the homogeneity of the
microstructure of our Thyrofort
steels.
Thyrofort – accurato precise
7
tely adaptedrequirements
tions. Additional surface harden-
ing by inductive heating increases
the wear resistance.
Good machinability
The larger the quantity of compo-
nents to be manufactured, the
more important it is for the materi-
al to have good machinability. This
means the cost-effectiveness of
series production is already partly
determined when ordering a spe-
cific steel grade.
The machinability of heat-treated
steels is influenced by the
microstructure, the strength and
the non-metallic inclusions (sul-
phides, oxides).
Further optimisation of the
machinability can be achieved
through increasing the level of
sulphidic inclusions, by calcium
treatment and by heat treatment,
i.e. by specifically adjusting the
microstructure.
Customised heat treatment
Depending on the envisaged ap-
plication and processing, we can
supply you with Thyrofort steel
grades in a wide variety of treated
conditions, e.g. with reduced
hardness or within a given
strength range.
Detailed technical information on
as-delivered conditions and pro-
cessing can be found starting on
Page 66.
Special features
8
We’ve got far more thanjust the averageUnalloyed or alloyed
Unalloyed or alloyed heat-
treatable steels – the choice of
material is determined by the na-
ture of the load, the component
geometry and the processing
method.
The unalloyed Thyrofort grades
contain not only manganese, but
also carbon as the main alloying
element. The tensile strength and
yield point rise with increasing
carbon content.
The alloyed steels are character-
ized by greater hardenability and
better resistance to tempering.
Compared to the unalloyed
grades, they offer better through-
hardening, enhanced toughness
and a higher ratio of yield stress
to tensile strength.
Rolled or forged
Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld supplies
a wide variety of rolled and forged
products, from bar steel, universal
plate/flat dimensions and semis,
all the way to open-die forgings in
different heat-treated conditions.
Our partners in the steel trade
offer a wide selection of Thyrofort
grades in all standard sizes.
Unmachined or machined
Our strength are steel grades not
only in a variety of hot-formed
products, but also in various pro-
cessing stages. Our processing
operations range from rough-
machining to bright surfaces with
close tolerances, all the way to
ready-to-install components.
Unalloyed
• THYROFORT C22EUnalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-
motive and mechanical engineering parts
offering good weldability
• THYROFORT C35E• THYROFORT C35RUnalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-
motive and mechanical engineering parts
Make use of our extensive capa-
bilities and let us act as your
“extended workbench”.
Talk to our specialists about the
individual, tailor-made solution
you require.
9
in stock
• THYROFORT Cf35Unalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-
motive and mechanical engineering parts,
also suitable for surface hardening
• THYROFORT C45E• THYROFORT C45RUnalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-
motive and mechanical engineering parts,
also suitable for surface hardening
• THYROFORT Cf45Unalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-
motive and mechanical engineering parts,
also suitable for surface hardening
• THYROFORT Cf53Unalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-
motive and mechanical engineering parts,
also suitable for surface hardening
• THYROFORT C55E• THYROFORT C55RUnalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-
motive and mechanical engineering parts,
also suitable for surface hardening
• THYROFORT C60E• THYROFORT C60RUnalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-
motive and mechanical engineering parts,
for strengths in the region of 700 N/mm2
• THYROFORT 28 Mn 6Mn-alloyed heat-treatable steel for low-stress
automotive and mechanical engineering
parts with adequate weldability
Alloyed
• THYROFORT 46 Cr 2• THYROFORT 46 CrS 2Cr-alloyed heat-treatable steel for low-stress
automotive and mechanical engineering
parts, as well as for fastening elements
• THYROFORT 34 Cr 4• THYROFORT 34 CrS 4Cr-alloyed heat-treatable steel for automotive
and mechanical engineering parts, e.g. drive,
axle and steering components
• THYROFORT 34 CrMo 4• THYROFORT 34 CrMoS 4CrMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel with high
toughness, for mechanical engineering and
automotive parts, e.g. axle shafts, tyres,
steering stubs, gas cylinders
• THYROFORT 42 CrMo 4• THYROFORT 42 CrMoS 4CrMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel with high
toughness, for mechanical engineering and
automotive parts, e.g. spars, connecting
rods, gears, pinions and tyres, as well as for
components for low-temperature applica-
tions
• THYROFORT 50 CrMo 4CrMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel with high
toughness, for automotive parts, e.g. rings,
tyres, liners, shafts, axles, steering compo-
nents
• THYROFORT 30 CrMoV 9CrMoV-alloyed heat-treatable steel with high
yield point and toughness, for highly-
stressed parts in general mechanical engi-
neering and for fastening elements, such as
bolt turnbuckles
• THYROFORT 36 CrNiMo 4CrNiMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel for very
highly-stressed parts in general mechanical
engineering, with good toughness and high
strength, e.g. fastening elements, acces-
sories for oil and gas drilling
• THYROFORT 34 CrNiMo 6CrNiMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel for
highly-stressed parts in general mechanical
engineering with large cross-sections and
high toughness requirements in the low-tem-
perature range, e.g. axles, drive components,
fastening elements, shafts
• THYROFORT 30 CrNiMo 8CrNiMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel for
highly-stressed parts in general mechanical
engineering with large cross-sections and
uniform toughness requirements over the
cross-section, e.g. pinion and turbine shafts
• THYROFORT 36 NiCrMo 16NiCrMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel for very
highly-stressed parts in general mechanical
engineering with high tensile and impact
strength, suitable for air and oil hardening ,
e.g. demolition tools, components for oil and
gas extraction
• THYROFORT 37 Cr 4• THYROFORT 37 CrS 4Cr-alloyed heat-treatable steel for automotive
and mechanical engineering parts, e.g. drive,
axle and steering components
• THYROFORT 41 Cr 4• THYROFORT 41 CrS 4Cr-alloyed heat-treatable steel for automotive
and mechanical engineering parts, e.g. drive,
axle and steering components
• THYROFORT 51 CrV 4CrV-alloyed heat-treatable steel for fairly
large, highly wear-resistant parts
• THYROFORT 25 CrMo 4• THYROFORT 25 CrMoS 4CrMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel with high
toughness and good welding properties, for
mechanical engineering and automotive
parts, e.g. axle shafts, steering stubs, turbine
parts, rotor disks
Steel portraits
Nothing can take the place of
safety. That’s why it’s advisable
to use Thyrofort steel grades to
manufacture components that are
subject to high demands on safe-
ty – and also on production relia-
bility. Crankshafts, for example,
are exposed to high dynamic
stresses. If the crankshaft of a
Formula 1 engine breaks, that’s
unfortunate and the race is lost. If
the shaft of a ship’s diesel engine
breaks, that’s a disaster and the
ship is incapable of manoeuvring.
Be it extreme short-term loads or
high, constant loads – our high-
strength Thyrofort steel grades
can be exactly adapted to the
stresses involved by way of tar-
geted alloying, hardening and
tempering.
In other words, the “safety ex-
perts” from Witten-Krefeld are the
right choice whenever you can’t
afford to make compromises: for
10
Thyrofort – whenever you to make comp
crankshafts in shipbuilding, for
injection systems in marine diesel
engines, for shafts in locomotive
and wagon construction, for
crankshafts, connecting rods,
axles, steering stubs, steering
components and wheel hubs in
truck construction, for landing-
gear and control elements in avia-
tion, for safety couplings and
mast suspension units for aerial
ropeways, for tools in oil and gas
exploration, e.g. drive subs, for
turbine shafts in power stations.
It’s also a job for Thyrofort when-
ever high precision and absolute,
permanent freedom from distor-
tion are required, e.g. in the re-
circulating ball screws and linear
guides of machine tools. And the
Thyrofort “safety experts” are
also the ones who guarantee reli-
able functioning in the high-tech
field: the turbopumps of the
Ariane are made of Thyrofort.
12
THYROFORT
Thyrofort is also the right choice
when things get rough and tough
in the building industry, too. On
the one hand, the chisels of demo-
lition hammers, or the teeth of
excavators and rippers, need to
have the right strength in order not
to break. On the other hand, they
need to be given long-term wear
resistance by way of appropriate
hardening.
The high resistance to pressure
also makes Thyrofort steel grades
ideally safe materials, e.g. for the
manufacture of steel cylinders for
industrial gases and oxygen, as
well as for pipeline construction.
14
We make our own steel, recipes Our own steel production in our
modern steelworks in Witten is
the basis for the purity and homo-
geneity of our heat-treatable
steels. Precisely defined proper-
ties are achieved by means of
exact alloying and process speci-
fications for melting, forming
and heat treatment. The steels
are melted in a 130 t electric arc
furnace.
The metallurgical precision work
is performed in a downstream
ladle furnace of the same size.
Depending on the steel grade and
the dimensions of the end prod-
uct, the steel melted in this way is
cast in ingots or continuous cast
blooms. Over 50 different mould
formats are available for ingot
casting, ranging from 600 kg to
160 t.
The continuous cast blooms are
manufactured in two strands on a
vertical continuous casting ma-
chine in a 475 x 340 mm format.
A remelting steelworks with two
electroslag remelting (ESR) fur-
naces and two vacuum arc re-
tion, and acting as an anti-oxidant
for the melting bath of the new
ingot. In addition, the slag has a
high capacity for absorbing non-
metallic inclusions, which means
that the remelted material is free
of coarse inclusions. The im-
provement in the microscopic
melting (VAR) furnaces is avail-
able in Krefeld for the production
of heat treatable steels involving
particularly stringent demands in
terms of homogeneity of their
microstructure and their purity.
Electroslag remelting process
In the electroslag remelting
process (ESR), which works with
alternating current, a cast or
forged, self-consuming electrode
is immersed in a bath of molten
slag, which serves as an electrical
resistor.
The material to be remelted drips
from the end of the electrode
through the slag and forms the
new ingot in a water-cooled
mould below. The heat dissipa-
tion leads to directional solidifica-
tion in the direction of the longi-
tudinal ingot axis.
The remelting slag fulfils several
functions in this process. On the
one hand, it develops the neces-
sary process heat, while at the
same time supporting chemical
reactions, such as desulphurisa-
EDELSTAHL WITTEN-KREFELD GMBH
THYSSEN KRUPP STAHL AG
Remelting facilities
Scrap
Ladlefurnace
130 t electricarc furnace
Main production routes
Ladle tankdegasser
(VD / VOD)
ESR
VAR
15
using reliableand the best ingredients
purity is attributable to desulphur-
isation and the resultant high
degree of sulphidic purity, and
also to a reduction in the size and
quantity of oxidic inclusions.
Thyrofort – consistent
top quality
through process reliability
LSX 25
LSX 55
Products
• As-cast ingots / As-continu-ously-cast bloom material
• Open-die forgingsas-forged or machined
• Forged semis
• Forged round billets for tubemakingas-forged or machined
• Forged bar steelas-forged or machined
• Machined tool steelforged or rolled
• Rolled semis
• Rolled tube roundsas-rolled or peeled
• Rolled bar steelas-rolled or machined
• Universal plate and flats
• Special products
got casting
uous bloom caster
5 x 340 mm,2 strands
Blooming-slabbing mill
33 MN press
Long forgingmachines
Machining
Finishingdepartments,forging shops
Finishingdepartments,rolling mills
Peeling machines
As-forged
As-rolled
Untreated
Blooming/billet/large-sizebar rolling mill
Heattreatmentfacilities
Steel production
16
Thyrofort – madeyour “extended workbench”Vacuum arc remelting process
The vacuum arc remelting (VAR)
process works with cast or
forged, self-consuming elec-
trodes in a vacuum.
Using an electric arc in a vacuum,
a melting bath is generated in a
copper crucible, which acts as
the opposite pole to the remelting
electrode and is connected to a
DC voltage source via current
contacts.
A new ingot is formed from the
liquefied electrode material drop
by drop in a continuous process.
In the VAR process, refinement of
the steel is brought about by the
reaction of the oxygen dissolved
in the steel with the carbon in the
molten material under the effect
of the vacuum. This results in the
best possible degree of micro-
scopic oxidic purity and freedom
from macroscopic inclusions. As
no desulphurisation takes place
during this remelting process, the
lowest possible sulphur content
has to be set prior to remelting, in
order also to meet the most strin-
gent demands on the degree of
sulphidic purity. Moreover, this
process guarantees the lowest
possible quantities of dissolved
gases in the steel and a homo-
geneous microstructure free of
segregation.
Hot forming and finishing
The blooming mill in Witten pro-
duces semi-finished products,
steel bars and universal plate/flat
dimensions. Two modern finishing
lines for checking the inner and
outer surface condition, as well
as the dimensions and identity,
are available for rolled and forged
products and steel bars. The
forge is equipped with a 33 MN
press, a GFM LSX 55 horizontal
long forging machine and a GFM
LSX 25 long forging machine.
17
-to-measure work from
parts. We put extensive consult-
ing know-how and modern ma-
chining facilities at the disposal
of our customers.
After straightening, rolled or
forged bar steel and round billets
up to 300 mm diameter for tube-
making can be peeled, pressure
polished and chamfered in
Krefeld and Witten. Rotationally
symmetrical parts with a piece
weight of up to 20 tonnes are
manufactured in Krefeld on con-
ventional and modern CNC lathes
and grinding machines. The key
production fields are shafts, cylin-
ders and rolls for continuous
casting.
Machining
Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld offers
not only an optimum material in
various forms, but also pre-
machined and ready-to-install
Our facilities
pay off for you
Steel processing
Depending on the type and quan-
tity of the alloying element added,
certain specific properties can be
attained. Chromium improves
hardenability and through-
hardening by reducing the critical
cooling rate needed for the
formation of martensite. Nickel
also improves through-hardening
and, at the same time, increases
the absorbed energy per cross-
sectional area at low tempera-
tures. Molybdenum is used in
conjunction with other alloying
elements to increase the 0.2 %
proof stress and tensile strength
while decreasing the tendency to
tempering brittleness.
A vanadium content of approx.
0.10% improves tempering resis-
tance and reduces sensitivity to
overheating during hardening.
Boron-alloyed steels
The development of cheaper
steels by saving on expensive
alloying elements has led to
increasing use of heat-treatable
boron-alloyed steels. The use of
these steels for fastening ele-
ments is already state-of-the-art
today.
Boron-alloyed steels are already
being used as standard materials
for special solid, heat-treated
parts, like excavator teeth, axle
parts, rotors, etc. Efforts are
being made nationally and inter-
nationally to standardize these
heat-treatable steels for general
application. These steels can be
supplied on request, provided
that certain minimum order quan-
tities are observed.
Table 1 shows an overview of the
grades of heat-treatable steels
dealt with in this catalogue, while
Tables 2 and 3 provide an over-
view of the chemical composi-
tions.
Unalloyed steels
Apart from carbon, unalloyed
steels contain manganese as the
main alloying element.
The steels listed in Tables 1 and 2
are given in the order of increas-
ing carbon content and comply
with European Standard DIN EN
10083, Part 1 – “Heat-Treatable
Steels” (1996 edition) or DIN
17212 – “Steels for Flame and
Induction Hardening” (August
1972 edition).
Alloyed steels
Apart from carbon and manga-
nese, alloyed steels contain other
alloying elements. The most
important of these are chromium,
nickel, molybdenum and vana-
dium.
The steels given in Tables 1 and
3, in the order of their alloy com-
position, Cr, Cr–V, Cr–Mo,
Cr–Mo–V, Cr–Ni–Mo, Ni-Cr-Mo,
correspond to European Standard
DIN EN 10083, Part 1, or DIN
17201 - “Forgings and Forged
Bars of Heat-Treatable Steels”.
18
Overview of grades andchemical compositions
Page 24 – 25 Thyrofort C 22 E 1.1151 C22E DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201
Page 26 – 27 Thyrofort C 35 E 1.1181 C35E DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201
Thyrofort C 35 R 1.1180 C35R DIN EN 10083
Thyrofort Cf 35 1.1183 – DIN 17212
Page 28 – 29 Thyrofort C 45 E 1.1191 C45E DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201
Thyrofort C 45 R 1.1201 C45R DIN EN 10083
Thyrofort Cf 45 1.1193 – DIN 17212
Page 30 – 31 Thyrofort Cf 53 1.1213 – DIN 17212
Page 32 – 33 Thyrofort C 55 E 1.1203 C55E DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201
Thyrofort C 55 R 1.1209 C55R DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201
Page 34 – 35 Thyrofort C 60 E 1.1221 C60E DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201
Thyrofort C 60 R 1.1223 C60R DIN EN 10083
Page 36 – 37 Thyrofort 28 Mn 6 1.1170 28Mn6 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201
Page 38 – 39 Thyrofort 46 Cr 2 1.7006 46Cr2 DIN EN 10083
Thyrofort 46 CrS 2 1.7025 46CrS2 DIN EN 10083
Page 40 – 41 Thyrofort 34 Cr 4 1.7033 34Cr4 DIN EN 10083
Thyrofort 34 CrS 4 1.7037 34CrS4 DIN EN 10083
Page 42 – 43 Thyrofort 37 Cr 4 1.7034 37Cr4 DIN EN 10083
Thyrofort 37 CrS 4 1.7038 37CrS4 DIN EN 10083
Page 44 – 45 Thyrofort 41 Cr 4 1.7035 41Cr4 DIN EN 10083
Thyrofort 41 CrS 4 1.7039 41CrS4 DIN EN 10083
Page 46 – 47 Thyrofort 51 CrV 4 1.8159 51CrV4 DIN EN 10083
Page 48 – 49 Thyrofort 25 CrMo 4 1.7218 25CrMo4 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201
Thyrofort 25 CrMoS 4 1.7213 25CrMoS4 DIN EN 10083
Page 50 – 51 Thyrofort 34 CrMo 4 1.7220 34CrMo4 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201
Thyrofort 34 CrMoS 4 1.7226 34CrMoS4 DIN EN 10083
Page 52 – 53 Thyrofort 42 CrMo 4 1.7225 42CrMo4 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201
Thyrofort 42 CrMoS 4 1.7227 42CrMoS4 DIN EN 10083
Page 54 – 55 Thyrofort 50 CrMo 4 1.7228 50CrMo4 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201
Page 56 – 57 Thyrofort 30 CrMoV 9 1.7707 – DIN E 17201
Page 58 – 59 Thyrofort 36 CrNiMo 4 1.6511 36CrNiMo4 DIN EN 10083
Page 60 – 61 Thyrofort 34 CrNiMo 6 1.6582 34CrNiMo6 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201
Page 62 – 63 Thyrofort 30 CrNiMo 8 1.6580 30CrNiMo8 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201
Page 64 – 65 Thyrofort 36 NiCrMo 16 1.6773 36NiCrMo16 DIN EN 10083
Unallo
yed steels
Allo
yed steels
Grades Material No. Code name acc. Standardized into EN 10083
Overview of grades, Table 1
19
Technical information
Thyrofort C 22 E
Thyrofort C 35 E
Thyrofort C 35 R
Thyrofort Cf 351
Thyrofort C 45 E
Thyrofort C 45 R
Thyrofort Cf 451
Thyrofort Cf 531
Thyrofort C 55 E
Thyrofort C 55 R
Thyrofort C 60 E
Thyrofort C 60 R
Thyrofort 28 Mn 6
Thyrofort 46 Cr 2
Thyrofort 46 CrS 2
Thyrofort 34 Cr 4
Thyrofort 34 CrS 4
Thyrofort 37 Cr 4
Thyrofort 37 CrS 4
Thyrofort 41 Cr 4
Thyrofort 41 CrS 4
Thyrofort 51 CrV 4
Thyrofort 25 CrMo 4
Thyrofort 25 CrMoS 4
Thyrofort 34 CrMo 4
Thyrofort 34 CrMoS 4
Thyrofort 42 CrMo 4
Thyrofort 42 CrMoS 4
Thyrofort 50 CrMo 4
Thyrofort 30 CrMoV 91
Thyrofort 36 CrNiMo 4
Thyrofort 34 CrNiMo 6
Thyrofort 30 CrNiMo 8
Thyrofort 36 CrNiMo16
Table 3: Alloyed steels - Steel grades and chemical composition (ladle analysis) 1To DIN E 17201
Steel grade Chemical composition to DIN EN 10083, except1 (% by weight)
Code DIN EN Mate- C Si Mn P max. S Cr Mo Ni V
name 10083 rial no.
46Cr2
46CrS2
34Cr4
34CrS4
37Cr4
37CrS4
41Cr4
41CrS4
51CrV4
25CrMo4
25CrMoS4
34CrMo4
34CrMoS4
42CrMo4
42CrMoS4
50CrMo4
36CrNiMo4
34CrNiMo6
30CrNiMo8
36CrNiMo16
1.7006
1.7025
1.7033
1.7037
1.7034
1.7038
1.7035
1.7039
1.8159
1.7218
1.7213
1.7220
1.7226
1.7225
1.7227
1.7228
1.7707
1.6511
1.6582
1.6580
1.6773
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.50–0.80
0.60–0.90
0.60–0.90
0.60–0.90
0.70–1.10
0.60–0.90
0.60–0.90
0.60–0.90
0.50–0.80
0.40–0.70
0.50–0.80
0.50–0.80
0.30–0.60
0.30–0.60
max. 0.035
0.020–0.040
max. 0.035
0.020–0.040
max. 0.035
0.020–0.040
max. 0.035
0.020–0.040
max. 0.035
max. 0.035
0.020–0.040
max. 0.035
0.020–0.040
max. 0.035
0.020–0.040
max. 0.035
0.035
max. 0.035
max. 0.035
max. 0.035
max. 0.025
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.030
0.40–0.60
0.90–1.20
0.90–1.20
0.90–1.20
0.90–1.20
0.90–1.20
0.90–1.20
0.90–1.20
0.90–1.20
2.30–2.70
0.90–1.20
1.30–1.70
1.80–2.20
1.60–2.00
–
–
–
–
–
0.15–0.30
0.15–0.30
0.15–0.30
0.15–0.30
0.15–0.25
0.15–0.30
0.15–0.30
0.30–0.50
0.25–0.45
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.10–0.20
–
–
–
–
0.42–0.50
0.30–0.37
0.34–0.41
0.38–0.45
0.47–0.55
0.22–0.29
0.30–0.37
0.38–0.45
0.46–0.54
0.26–0.34
0.32–0.40
0.30–0.38
0.26–0.34
0.32–0.39
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
< 0.60
0.90–1.20
1.30–1.70
1.80–2.20
3.60–4.10
20
Table 2: Unalloyed steels - Steel grades and chemical composition (ladle analysis) 1To DIN 17212
Steel grade Chemical composition to DIN EN 10083, except1 (% by weight)
Code DIN EN Mate- C Si Mn P max. S Cr Mo Ni Cr+Mo+
name 10083 rial No. Ni max.
C22E
C35E
C35R
C45E
C45R
C55E
C55R
C60E
C60R
28Mn6
1.1151
1.1181
1.1180
1.1183
1.1191
1.1201
1.1193
1.1213
1.1203
1.1209
1.1221
1.1223
1.1170
max. 0.40
max. 0.40
0.15–0.35
max. 0.40
0.15–0.35
0.15–0.35
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40–0.70
0.50–0.80
0.50–0.80
0.50–0.80
0.50–0.80
0.40–0.70
0.60–0.90
0.60–0.90
1.30–1.65
max. 0.035
max. 0.035
0.020–0.040
max. 0.035
max. 0.035
0.020–0.040
max. 0.035
max. 0.035
max. 0.035
0.020–0.040
max. 0.035
0.020–0.040
max. 0.035
0.035
0.035
0.025
0.035
0.025
0.025
0.035
0.035
0.035
max. 0.40
max. 0.40
–
max. 0.40
–
–
max. 0.40
max. 0.40
max. 0.40
max. 0.10
max. 0.10
–
max. 0.10
–
–
max. 0.10
max. 0.10
max. 0.10
0.63
0.63
–
0.63
–
–
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.17–0.24
0.32–0.39
0.33–0.39
0.42–0.50
0.43–0.49
0.50–0.57
0.52–0.60
0.57–0.65
0.25–0.32
max. 0.40
max. 0.40
–
max. 0.40
–
–
max. 0.40
max. 0.40
max. 0.40
N/mm2
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
C22
E
C35
E
C45
E
C55
E
C60
28M
n6
46C
r2
34C
r4; 2
5CrM
o4
37C
r4
41C
r4; 3
4CrM
o4
36 N
iCrM
o 16
42C
rMo4
; 50C
rMo4
51C
rV4;
36C
rNiM
o4
34C
rNiM
o6
30C
rNiM
o8
Min
imu
m 0
.2%
pro
of
stre
ss a
nd
ten
sile
str
enth
ran
ge
For a ruling heat treatment diameter ofd ≤16 mm
Min
imu
m 0
.2%
pro
of
stre
ss a
nd
ten
sile
str
enth
ran
ge
N/mm2
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
C22
E
C35
E
C45
E
28M
n6
C55
E
C60
E
46C
r2
34C
r4
25C
rMo4
37C
r4
34C
rMo4
41C
r4
42C
rMo4
50C
rMo4
36C
rNiM
o4
36N
iCrM
o16
34C
rNiM
o6
30C
rMoV
9
30C
rNiM
o8
For a ruling heat treatment diameter of 16 mm < d ≤ 40 mm
N/mm2
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
C22
E
C35
E
C45
E
46C
r2
C55
E
28M
n6
25C
rMo4
C60
E
34C
rMo4
37C
r4
34C
rMo4
41C
r4
42C
rMo4
34C
rNiM
o6
36N
iCrM
o16
For a ruling heat treatment diameter of 40 mm < d ≤ 100 mm
Min
imu
m 0
.2%
pro
of
stre
ss a
nd
ten
sile
str
enth
ran
ge
36N
iCrM
o4; 5
1CrV
4;50
CrM
o4
30C
rMoV
9; 3
0CrN
iMo8
The choice of a suitable heat-
treatable steel is often determined
by the required minimum yield
point or tensile strength.
The following overview (Figs. 1a-h)
shows the minimum 0.2% proof
stress values and the tensile
strength ranges in hardened and
tempered condition for the heat
treatment diameters standardized
in DIN EN 10083. These figures
are valid for the sample positions
described in Fig. 10 (page 71).
Overview of minimum 0.2% proof stresses and tensile strength ranges
Figs. 1a - h :Overview of minimum 0.2% proof stress
and tensile strength ranges of EWK heat-treatable steels in quenched and tempered
condition for various diameter ranges
21
Technical information
a)
b)
c)
For a ruling heat treatment diameter of 100 mm < d ≤ 160 mm
Min
imu
m 0
.2%
pro
of
stre
ss a
nd
ten
sile
str
enth
ran
ge
N/mm2
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
C22
E
C35
E
C45
E
28M
n6
C55
E
C60
E
25C
rMo4
34C
rMo4
42C
rMo4
36C
rNiM
o4
50C
rMo4
; 51C
rV4
34C
rNiM
o6
30C
rMoV
9; 3
6NiC
rMo1
6;30
CrN
iMo8
51C
rV4;
34C
rNiM
o6
30C
rMoV
9;30
CrN
iMo8
Min
imu
m 0
.2%
pro
of
stre
ss a
nd
ten
sile
str
enth
ran
ge
N/mm2
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
C22
E
C35
E
C45
E
C55
E
28M
n6
C60
E
25C
rMo4
34C
rMo4
42C
rMo4
36C
rNiM
o4
50C
rMo4
36N
iCrM
o16
For a ruling heat treatment diameterof 160 mm < d ≤ 250 mm
Min
imu
m 0
.2%
pro
of
stre
ss a
nd
ten
sile
str
enth
ran
ge
N/mm2
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
C22
E
C35
E
C45
E
C55
E
28M
n6
C60
E
25C
rMo4
34C
rMo4
42C
rMo4
30C
rMoV
9
30C
rNiM
o8
For a ruling heat treatment diameter of250 mm < d ≤ 500 mm
34C
rNiM
o6;
50C
rMo4
Min
imu
m 0
.2%
pro
of
stre
ss a
nd
ten
sile
str
enth N/mm2
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
42C
rMo4
50C
rMo4
34C
rNiM
o6
30C
rNiM
o8
For a ruling heat treatment diameter of500 mm < d ≤ 750 mm
Min
imu
m 0
.2%
pro
of
stre
ss a
nd
ten
sile
str
enth
N/mm2
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
34C
rNiM
o6
30C
rNiM
o8
For a ruling heat treatment diameter of750 mm < d ≤ 1000 mm
22
Mindeststreckgrenze
Zugfestigkeitsbereich
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Minimum 0.2% proof stress
Tensile strength range
23
Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld –heat-treatable steel, the
way you need it.Wherever you may be.
THYROFORTTHYROFORT
THYROFORT
THYROFORTTHYROFORT
THYROFORT
Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld –heat-treatable steel, the
way you need it.Wherever you may be.
C
0.17 � 0.24
Si
≤0.40
Mn
0.40 � 0.70
P
≤0.035
S
≤0.035
Cr
≤0.40
Mo
≤0.10
Ni
≤0.40
Cr+Mo+Ni
≤0.63
Normalising
880 � 920
Hardening
860 � 900
Quenching medium
Water
Tempering
550 � 660
THYROFORT® C 22 E
Material No.
1.1151
Code
C22E
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Typical analysis in %
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
Heat treatment
Quenched and tempered Q + TNormalised N
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100
> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤1000
240210210
�230220210200
430410410
�410 � 530410 � 530410 � 530410 � 530
242525
�27262524
340290�
260220220210�
500 � 650470 � 620
�
450 � 600410 � 540410 � 540410 � 540
�
2022�
24262625�
5050�
�����
5050�
45404035�
To DIN E 17201
Temperatures in °C
24
THYROFORT® C 22 ETempering diagram
Typical values for 30 mm diameter
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0450 550 650
100
80
60
40
20
0
Z
Rm
Rp 0,2
A
Anlasstemperatur oCB
ruch
deh
nung
A u
nd B
ruch
eins
chnü
rung
Z in
%
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm
in N
/mm
2
25
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
THYROFORT® C 35 E / C 35 R / Cf 35
1
5848
2
5740
3
5533
4
5324
5
4922
6
4120
7
34�
8
31�
9
28�
10
27�
11
26�
13
25�
15
24�
20
23�
25
20�
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
870
Normalising
860 � 900
Hardening
840 � 880
Quenching medium
Water or oil
Tempering
550 � 660
Material No.
1.1181
Code
C35E
Material No.
1.1180
Code
C35R
Material No.
1.1183
Code
Cf35*
C
0.32�0.390.32�0.39
0.33�0.39
Si
≤0.40≤0.40
0.15�0.35
Mn
0.50�0.800.50�0.80
0.50�0.80
P
≤0.035≤0.035
≤0.025
S
≤0.0350.020�0.040
≤0.035
Cr
≤0.40≤0.40
�
Mo
≤0.10≤0.10
�
Ni
≤0.40≤0.40
�
Cr+Mo+Ni
≤0.63≤0.63
�
C35E C35R
Cf35
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
max.min.
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions Quenched and tempered Q + TNormalised N
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250
>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤1000
300270270245245
���
240
550520520500500
���
490 � 610
1819191919
���20
430380320��
290290270�
630 � 780600 � 750550 � 700
��
490 � 640490 � 640490 � 640
�
171920��
222221�
404550��
����
353535��
313125�
To DIN E 17201 (Ck35)
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
*To DIN 17212
Distance from quenched end in mm
Temperatures in °C
To DIN 17212
26
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
100 101 102
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
AC3
AC1
A
MS
M
HV 10
B
PF
3030
20
40 45
505055
4555
454060
406070
3060
15
6085
3 35
322
294
267
294 253
236
236
236205
201
196
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
THYROFORT® C 35 E / C 35 R / Cf 35
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0450 550 650
Z
Rp 0,2
Rm
A
100
80
60
40
20
0
Anlasstemperatur oC
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Tempering diagram
Typical values for60 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
27
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
THYROFORT® C 45 E / C 45 R / Cf 45
1.5
6255
3
6137
5
5728
7
4426
9
3424
11
3222
13
3121
15
3020
20
29�
25
28�
30
27�
35
��
40
��
45
��
50
��
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
840 � 880
Hardening
820 � 860
Quenching medium
Water or oil
Tempering
550 � 660
Material No.
1.1191
Code
C45E
Material No.
1.1201
Code
C45R
Material No.
1.1193
Code
Cf45*
C
0.42�0.500.42�0.50
0.43�0.49
Si
≤0.40≤0.40
0.15�0.35
Mn
0.50�0.800.50�0.80
0.50�0.80
P
≤0.035≤0.035
≤0.025
S
≤0.0350.020�0.040
≤0.035
Cr
≤0.40≤0.40
≤0.40
Mo
≤0.10≤0.10
�
Ni
≤0.40≤0.40
�
Cr+Mo+Ni
≤0.63≤0.63
�
C45EC45R
Cf45
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
max.min.
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions Quenched and tempered Q + TNormalised N
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250
>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤1000
340305305275275
��
300290
620580580560560
��
590 � 720590 � 720
1416161616
��1515
490430370��
340340320�
700 � 850650 � 800630 � 780
��
590 � 740590 � 740590 � 740
�
141617��
181817�
354045��
����
252525��
222220�
To DIN E 17201 (Ck45)
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
max. 255
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 207
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Temperatures in °C
*To DIN 17212
Distance from quenched end in mm
To DIN 17212
28
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
100 101 102
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
AC3
AC1A
MS
M
HV
7075
60
15
B30
5
35 4065F
P55
45
80
5
45 3060
254 244 135 223 220 216 210
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
THYROFORT® C 45 E / C 45 R / Cf 45
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0450 550 650
Z
R
Rp 0,2
A
100
80
60
40
20
0
Anlasstemperatur oC
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Tempering diagram
Typical values for 60 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
29
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
THYROFORT® Cf 53
Normalising
830 � 860
Hardening
805 � 845
Quenching medium
Water or oil
Tempering
550 � 660
Material No.
1.1213
Code
Cf53*
C
0.50�0.57
Si
0.15�0.35
Mn
0.40�0.70
P
≤0.025
S
≤0.035
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions Quenched and tempered Q + TNormalised N
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100
�340340
�610 � 760610 � 760
�1616
510430400
740 � 880690 � 830640 � 780
121415
253540
���
Temperatures in °C
*To DIN 17212
30
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
100 101 102
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
AC3
AC1A
MS
M
HV 10
9897
96 95 90 95 80 75 70 70 65 65
FP
11
13
2
3 4 510 15 20 25 30 30 35 35
772 772 322 264 245 236 228 213 206 193 187 187 176 170
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
THYROFORT® Cf 53
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
31
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
THYROFORT® C 55 E / C 55 R
1.5
6558
3
6455
5
6033
7
5231
9
3729
11
3527
13
3426
15
3325
20
3224
25
3022
30
2920
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
830
Normalising
825 � 865
Hardening
805 � 845
Quenching medium
Oil or water
Tempering
550 � 660
Material No.
1.1203
Code
C55E
Material No.
1.1209
Code
C55R
C
0.52�0.600.52�0.60
Si
≤0.40≤0.40
Mn
0.60�0.900.60�0.90
P
≤0.035≤0.035
S
≤0.0350.020�0.040
Cr
≤0.40≤0.40
Mo
≤0.10≤0.10
Ni
≤0.40≤0.40
Cr+Mo+Ni
≤0.63≤0.63
C55EC55R
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
max.min.
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions Quenched and tempered Q + TNormalised N
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250
>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤1000
370330330300300
��
320300
680640640620620
��
640 � 800640 � 800
1112121212
��1514
550490420��
390360330�
800 � 950750 � 900700 � 850
��
660 � 810630 � 780630 � 780
�
121415��
161716�
303540��
����
�����
����
To DIN E 17201 (Ck53)
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
max. 255
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 229
32
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0450 550 650
Z
A
Rm
Rp 0,2
100
80
60
40
20
0
Anlasstemperatur oC
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
100 101 102
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
AC3
AC1A
MS
M
HV 10
85 80 70
98
97 96 95 9075 70 65 65P3
5 1015 20 25 30 30 35 35 F
12
4
31
1
772 772 322 264 245 236 228 213 206 193 187 187 176 170
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
THYROFORT® C 55 E / C 55 RTempering diagram
Typical values for 60 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
33
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
830
Normalising
820 � 860
Hardening
800 � 840
Quenching medium
Oil or water
Tempering
550 � 660
Material No.
1.1221
Code
C60E
Material No.
1.1223
Code
C60R
C
0.57�0.650.57�0.65
Si
≤0.40≤0.40
Mn
0.60�0.900.60�0.90
P
≤0.035≤0.035
S
≤0.0350.020�0.040
Cr
≤0.40≤0.40
Mo
≤0.10≤0.10
Ni
≤0.40≤0.40
Cr+Mo+Ni
≤0.63≤0.63
C60EC60R
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
1.5
6760
3
6550
5
6235
7
5432
9
3930
11
3628
13
3527
15
3426
20
3325
25
3123
30
3021
max.min.
THYROFORT® C 60 E / C 60 R
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
To DIN E 17201
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
max. 255
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 241
Quenched and tempered Q + TNormalised N
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250
>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤1000
380340340310310
��
340330
710670670650650
��
680 � 860680 � 860
1011111111
��1312
580520450��
390390350�
850 � 1000800 � 950750 � 900
��
690 � 840690 � 840690 � 840
�
111314��
151514�
253035��
����
�����
����
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
34
THYROFORT® C 60 E / C 60 R
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0450 550 650
Z
Rm
Rp 0,2
A
100
80
60
40
20
0
Anlasstemperatur oC
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
100 101 102
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
A
MS
M
HV 10
B
5
P
F
20
57 10 12 15 25
95 93 90 88 8575
787
528 269 187229
227
247
242
AC3
AC1
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Härtewerte
Tempering diagram
Typical values for 60 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
35
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
THYROFORT® 28 Mn 6
1.5
5445
5448
5145
3
5342
5346
4942
5
5137
5142
4637
7
4827
4834
4127
9
4421
4430
3521
11
41�
4127
32�
13
38�
3824
29�
15
35�
3521
26�
20
31�
31�
22�
25
29�
29�
20�
30
27�
27�
��
35
26�
26�
��
40
25�
25�
��
45
25�
25�
��
50
24�
24�
��
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
850 � 890
Hardening
830 � 870
Quenching medium
Water or oil
Tempering
540 � 680
Material No.
1.1170
Code
28Mn6
C
0.25�0.32
Si
≤0.40
Mn
1.30�1.65
P
≤0.035
S
≤0.035
Cr
≤0.40
Mo
≤0.10
Ni
≤0.40
Cr+Mo+Ni
≤0.63
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
Hmax.min.
HHmax.min.
HLmax.min.
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
To DIN E 17201
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
max. 255
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 223
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
36
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions Quenched and tempered Q + TNormalised N
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100
>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500
345310290
���
630680590
���
171818
���
590490440
390390340
800 � 950700 � 850650 � 800
590 � 740590 � 740540 � 690
131516
181819
404550
���
354040
���
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
100 101 102
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
AC3
AC1
A
MS
M
HV 10
1020
2
45
45
45
B
70
1568 10
55 55
45
FP
55
45 4545
4555 55 55
514
488 464 274 221 187 180 176 170 176 165 156
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
THYROFORT® 28 Mn 6Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte
37
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade
HL grade
THYROFORT® 46 Cr 2 / 46 CrS 2
63 61 59 57 53 47 42 39 36 33 32 31 30 29 29
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
840 � 880
Hardening
820 � 860
Quenching medium
Oil or water
Tempering
540 � 680
Material No.
1.7006
Code
46Cr2
C
0.42�0.500.42�0.50
Si
≤0.40≤0.40
Mn
0.50�0.800.50�0.80
P
≤0.035≤0.035
S
≤0.0350.020�0.040
Cr
0.40�0.600.40�0.60
Mo
��
Ni
��
46Cr246CrS2
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
Hmax.min.
HHmax.min.
HLmax.min.
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Material No.
1.7025
Code
46CrS2
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100
650550400
900 � 1100800 � 950650 � 800
121415
354045
303535
1.5 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
54 49 40 32 28 25 23 22 20 � � � � � �
63 61 59 57 53 47 42 39 36 33 32 31 30 29 2957 53 46 40 36 32 29 28 25 22 21 20 � � �
60 57 53 49 45 40 36 32 31 28 27 26 25 25 2454 49 40 32 28 25 23 22 20 � � � � � �
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions
Quenched and tempered Q + T
Treated forshearing S
HB
max. 255
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 223
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
38
THYROFORT® 46 Cr 2 / 46 CrS 2
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
100 101 102
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
AC3
AC1A
MS
M
HV 10
80
5
B45 7
F
P10
1065
35
6565
35
657087
53
3 15364
335
11
203530
595
592 488 393 347 303 232 221 206 183 178 176 172
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
A
Z
Rp 0,2
Rm
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm in
N/m
m2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Anlasstemperatur in oC
Tempering diagram
Typical values for 60 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
39
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade
HL grade
THYROFORT® 34 Cr 4 / 34 CrS 4
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
850 � 890
Hardening
830 � 870
Quenching medium
Water or oil
Tempering
540 � 680
Material No.
1.7033
Code
34Cr4
C
0.30�0.370.30�0.37
Si
≤0.40≤0.40
Mn
0.60�0.900.60�0.90
P
≤0.035≤0.035
S
≤0.0350.020�0.040
Cr
0.90�1.200.90�1.20
Mo
��
Ni
��
34Cr434CrS4
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
Material No.
1.7037
Code
34CrS4
1.5
5749
5752
5449
3
5748
5751
5448
5
5645
5649
5245
7
5441
5445
5041
9
5235
5241
4635
11
4932
4938
4332
13
4629
4635
4029
15
4427
4433
3827
20
3923
3928
3423
25
3721
3726
3221
30
3520
3525
3020
35
34�
3424
29�
40
33�
3323
28�
45
32�
3222
27�
50
31�
3121
26�
Hmax.min.
HHmax.min.
HLmax.min.
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100
700590460
900 � 1100800 � 950700 � 850
121415
354045
354040
Quenched and tempered Q + T
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
max. 255
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 223
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
40
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
100 101 102
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
AC1
AC3
A
M
MS
HV 10
3
35
8
9092
94
92
B
550 498 366 334 297 291294
253 219 212 206196
189
20
87
3F P
3 5 15 20 25 30 30 35
8580 75 70 70 65
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
THYROFORT® 34 Cr 4 / 34 CrS 4
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Rm
Z
A
Rp 0,2S
trec
kgre
nze
Rp
0,2
und
Zug
fest
igke
it R
m in
N/m
m2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Anlasstemperatur in oC
Tempering diagram
Typical values for 30 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte
41
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade
HL grade
THYROFORT® 37 Cr 4 / 37 CrS 4
1.5
5951
5954
5651
3
5950
5953
5650
5
5848
5851
5548
7
5744
5748
5344
9
5539
5544
5039
11
5236
5241
4736
13
5033
5039
4433
15
4831
4837
4231
20
4226
4231
3726
25
3924
3929
3424
30
3722
3727
3222
35
3620
3625
3120
40
35�
3524
30�
45
34�
3423
29�
50
33�
3322
29�
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
845 � 885
Hardening
825 � 865
Quenching medium
Oil or water
Tempering
540 � 680
Material No.
1.7034
Code
37Cr4
C
0.34�0.410.34�0.41
Si
≤0.40≤0.40
Mn
0.60�0.900.60�0.90
P
≤0.035≤0.035
S
≤0.0350.020�0.040
Cr
0.90�1.200.90�1.20
Mo
��
Ni
��
37Cr437CrS4
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
Hmax.min.
HHmax.min.
HLmax.min.
Material No.
1.7038
Code
37CrS4
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100
750630510
950 � 1150850 � 1000750 � 900
111314
354040
303535
Quenched and tempered Q + T
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
max. 255
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 235
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
42
THYROFORT® 37 Cr 4 / 37 CrS 4
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Rm
Rp 0,2
Z
A
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm in
N/m
m2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Anlasstemperatur in oC
Tempering diagram
Typical values for 30 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
100 101 102
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
AC3
AC1
MS
A
M
HV 10
10
30
315
70
B
95 57
F P
1585
25
75
30 30
7070
613 554 390 360 330 245 232 221 210627
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte
43
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade
HL grade
THYROFORT® 41 Cr 4 / 41 CrS 4
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
840 � 880
Hardening
820 � 860
Quenching medium
Oil or water
Tempering
540 � 680
Material No.
1.7035
Code
41Cr4
C
0.38�0.450.38�0.45
Si
≤0.40≤0.40
Mn
0.60�0.900.60�0.90
P
≤0.035≤0.035
S
≤0.0350.020�0.040
Cr
0.90�1.200.90�1.20
Mo
��
Ni
��
41Cr441CrS4
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
Material No.
1.7039
Code
41CrS4
1.5
6153
6156
5853
3
6152
6155
5852
5
6050
6053
5750
7
5947
5951
5547
9
5841
5847
5241
11
5637
5643
5037
13
5434
5441
4734
15
5232
5239
4532
20
4629
4635
4029
25
4226
4231
3726
30
4023
4029
3423
35
3821
3827
3221
40
37�
3726
31�
45
36�
3625
30�
50
35�
3524
29�
Hmax.min.
HHmax.min.
HLmax.min.
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100
800660560
1000 � 12001900 � 11001800 � 1950
111214
303540
303535
Quenched and tempered Q + T
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
max. 255
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 241
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
44
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0100 101 102 103 104 105 106
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102
AC3
AC1
M
MS
A
HV 10
85 808020
802015
90
10
90
B
FP
3075 92
3
5
5
10
629 579 263 236 215 210 206510 428 293312
20
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
THYROFORT® 41 Cr 4 / 41 CrS 4
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Rm
Rp 0,2
Z
AStr
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm in
N/m
m2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Anlasstemperatur in oC
Tempering diagram
Typical values for 30 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte
45
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade
HL grade
THYROFORT® 51 CrV 4
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
840 � 880
Hardening
820 � 860
Quenching medium
Oil
Tempering
540 � 680
Material No.
1.8159
Code
51CrV4
C
0.47�0.55
Si
≤0.40
Mn
0.70�1.10
P
≤0.035
S
≤0.035
Cr
0.90�1.20
Mo
�
Ni
�
V
0.10�0.25
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
1.5
6557
6560
6257
3
6556
6559
6256
5
6456
6459
6156
7
6455
6458
6155
9
6353
6356
6053
11
6352
6356
5952
13
6350
6354
5950
15
6248
6253
5748
20
6244
6250
5644
25
6241
6248
5541
30
6137
6145
5337
35
6035
6043
5235
40
6034
6043
5134
45
5933
5942
5033
50
5832
5841
4932
Hmax.min.
HHmax.min.
HLmax.min.
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250
900800700650600
1100 � 13001000 � 12001900 � 11001850 � 10001800 � 1950
910121313
4045505050
3030303030
Quenched and tempered Q + T
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
�
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 248
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
46
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0100 101 102 103 104 105 106
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102
AC1
AC3
M
Ms
A
HV 10
20
Zw
F
P
3 8
3
90 90 95
33 3
3
387 356309
273 249606 613 576637 336244
233
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
THYROFORT® 51 CrV 4
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Rm
Rp 0,2
Z
A
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm in
N/m
m2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Anlasstemperatur in oC
Tempering diagram
Typical values for 30 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte
47
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade
HL grade
THYROFORT® 25 CrMo 4 / 25 CrMoS 4
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
860 � 900
Hardening
840 � 880
Quenching medium
Oil or water
Tempering
540 � 680
Material No.
1.7218
Code
25CrMo4
C
0.22�0.290.22�0.29
Si
≤0.40≤0.40
Mn
0.60�0.900.60�0.90
P
≤0.035≤0.035
S
≤0.0350.020�0.040
Cr
0.90�1.200.90�1.20
Mo
0.15�0.300.15�0.30
Ni
��
25CrMo425CrMoS4
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
Material No.
1.7213
Code
25CrMoS4
1.5
5244
5247
4944
3
5243
5246
4943
5
5140
5144
4740
7
5037
5041
4637
9
4834
4839
4334
11
4632
4637
4132
13
4329
4334
3829
15
4127
4132
3627
20
3723
3728
3223
25
3521
3526
3021
30
3320
3324
2920
35
32�
3223
28�
40
31�
3122
27�
45
31�
3122
27�
50
31�
3122
27�
Hmax.min.
HHmax.min.
HLmax.min.
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160
>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500
700600450400
400380
900 � 1100800 � 1950700 � 1850650 � 1800
650 � 1800600 � 1750
12141516
1718
50556060
��
45505045
4538
Quenched and tempered Q + T
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
max. 255
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 212
To DIN E 17201
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
48
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0100 101 102 103 104 105 106
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102
AC1
AC3
MS
A
B
M
HV 10
30
3
87
F
P
85
9070 55
100 87 95
40
M
5 1010
2050 55 55 55 55
45454545
35
15
301510
229188
366 332 257273 217 160464 163297
233 171 170
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
THYROFORT® 25 CrMo 4 / 25 CrMoS 4
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Rm
Rp 0,2
Z
A
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm in
N/m
m2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Anlasstemperatur in oC
Tempering diagram
Typical values for 30 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte
49
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade
HL grade
THYROFORT® 34 CrMo 4 / 34 CrMoS 4
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
850 � 890
Hardening
830 � 870
Quenching medium
Oil or water
Tempering
540 � 680
Material No.
1.7220
Code
34CrMo4
C
0.30�0.370.30�0.37
Si
≤0.40≤0.40
Mn
0.60�0.900.60�0.90
P
≤0.035≤0.035
S
≤0.0350.020�0.040
Cr
0.90�1.200.90�1.20
Mo
0.15 � 0.300.15 � 0.30
Ni
��
34CrMo434CrMoS4
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
Material No.
1.7226
Code
34CrMoS4
1.5
5749
5752
5449
3
5749
5752
5449
5
5748
5751
5448
7
5645
5649
5245
9
5542
5546
5142
11
5439
5444
4939
13
5336
5342
4736
15
5234
5240
4634
20
4830
4836
4230
25
4528
4534
3928
30
4327
4332
3827
35
4126
4131
3626
40
4025
4030
3525
45
4024
4029
3524
50
3924
3929
3424
Hmax.min.
HHmax.min.
HLmax.min.
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250
>250 ≤ 500
800650550500450
410
1000 � 12001900 � 11001800 � 19501750 � 19001700 � 1850
650 � 1800
1112141515
16
4550555560
�
3540454540
33
Quenched and tempered Q + T
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
max. 255
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 223
To DIN E 17201
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
50
100 101 102
0 2 410 101 10 10 10
100 10 102 10 10 105 1061 3 4
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
AC3
AC1
M
A
MS
HV 10
45
90
B
F
8592 90
70
89
30 40 45
5555
55
15
3
5
5
845
55
3
3
P
295574 353 281597 435 283 231 200231 187 193321
Tem
per
atur
ino C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
THYROFORT® 34 CrMo 4 / 34 CrMoS 4
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Rm
Rp 0,2
Z
A
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm in
N/m
m2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Anlasstemperatur in oC
Tempering diagram
Typical values for 30 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte
51
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade
HL grade
THYROFORT® 42 CrMo 4 / 42 CrMoS 4
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
840 � 880
Hardening
820 � 860
Quenching medium
Oil or water
Tempering
540 � 680
Material No.
1.7225
Code
42CrMo4
C
0.38�0.450.38�0.45
Si
≤0.40≤0.40
Mn
0.60�0.900.60�0.90
P
≤0.035≤0.035
S
≤0.0350.020�0.040
Cr
0.90�1.200.90�1.20
Mo
0.15 � 0.300.15 � 0.30
Ni
��
42CrMo442CrMoS4
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
Material No.
1.7227
Code
42CrMoS4
1.5
6153
6156
5853
3
6153
6156
5853
5
6152
6155
5852
7
6051
6054
5751
9
6049
6052
5649
11
5943
5948
5443
13
5940
5946
5340
15
5837
5844
5137
20
5634
5641
4934
25
5332
5339
4632
30
5131
5138
4431
35
4830
4836
4230
40
4730
4736
4130
45
4629
4635
4029
50
4529
4534
4029
Hmax.min.
HHmax.min.
HLmax.min.
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250
>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤ 750
900750650550500
460390
1100 � 13001000 � 12001900 � 11001800 � 19501750 � 1900
1700 � 18501600 � 1750
1011121314
1516
4045505055
��
3035353535
2722
Quenched and tempered Q + T
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
max. 255
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 241
To DIN E 17201
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
52
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0100 101 102 103 104 105
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102
106
AC1
AC3
M
MS
A
HV 10
3015
15
B
F
1090 95
92
3 10 257075
5
70
20
P1
3565
99
575
342566 496 293599 311 239 206446 314 213 197286
85
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
THYROFORT® 42 CrMo 4 / 42 CrMoS 4
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Rm
Rp 0,2
Z
A
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm in
N/m
m2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Anlasstemperatur in oC
Tempering diagram
Typical values for 30 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte
53
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade
HL grade
THYROFORT® 50 CrMo 4
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
840 � 880
Hardening
820 � 860
Quenching medium
Oil
Tempering
540 � 680
Material No.
1.7228
Code
50CrMo4
C
0.46�0.54
Si
≤0.40
Mn
0.50�0.80
P
≤0.035
S
≤0.035
Cr
0.90�1.20
Mo
0.15 � 0.30
Ni
�
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
1.5
6558
6560
6358
3
6558
6560
6358
5
6457
6459
6257
7
6455
6458
6155
9
6354
6357
6054
11
6353
6356
6053
13
6351
6355
5951
15
6248
6253
5748
20
6145
6150
5645
25
6041
6047
5441
30
5839
5845
5239
35
5738
5744
5138
40
5537
5543
4937
45
5436
5442
4836
50
5436
5442
4836
Hmax.min.
HHmax.min.
HLmax.min.
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250
>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤ 750
900780700650550
540490
1100 � 13001000 � 12001900 � 11001850 � 10001800 � 1950
1750 � 19001700 � 1850
910121313
1415
4045505050
��
3030303030
2015
Quenched and tempered Q + T
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
See condition A
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 248
To DIN E 17201
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
54
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0100 101 102 103 104 105
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102
106
AC1
AC3
M
MS
A
HV 10
10
10
B
F
580 90 15
3 9090
9087
5
82
P5
92
3
30
95
404599 568635 366243
505 339 255 227325329 285
13 8
1010
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
THYROFORT® 50 CrMo 4
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Rm
Rp 0,2
Z
A
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm in
N/m
m2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Anlasstemperatur in oC
Tempering diagram
Typical values for 30 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte
55
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade
HL grade
THYROFORT® 30 CrMoV 9
1.5
5648
5651
5448
3
5648
5651
5448
5
5647
5650
5447
7
5647
5650
5347
9
5646
5650
5346
11
5646
5649
5246
13
5545
5548
5245
15
5544
5548
5244
20
5441
5445
5141
25
5339
5343
4939
30
5238
5242
4838
35
5137
5141
4737
40
5036
5040
4636
45
4935
4939
4535
50
4834
4838
4434
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
860 � 900
Hardening
840 � 880
Quenching medium
Oil or water
Tempering
540 � 650
Material No.
1.7707
Code
30CrMoV9*
C
0.26�0.34
Si
≤0.40
Mn
0.40�0.70
P
≤0.035
S
≤0.035
Cr
2.30�2.70
Mo
0.15 � 0.25
Ni
≤0.60
V
0.10�0.2030CrMoV9
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
Hmax.min.
HHmax.min.
HLmax.min.
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500
105010201900180017001590
1250 � 14501200 � 14501100 � 13001000 � 12001900 � 11001800 � 1950
9910111214
3535404550�
252530353535
Quenched and tempered Q + T
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
See condition A
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 248
To DIN E 17201
*To DIN E 17201
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
56
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
100 101 102
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
AC1
AC3
M
MS
A
HV 10
30
100
70
B
F3
4070
3030P
60
70 70
60100
100 100 100 9760
30
481 493
172
351 351496 478 428 404 390 374 264 186 177 170
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Rm
Rp 0,2
Z
A
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm in
N/m
m2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Anlasstemperatur in oC
THYROFORT® 30 CrMoV 9Tempering diagram
Typical values for 30 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte
57
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade
HL grade
THYROFORT® 36 CrNiMo 4
1.5
5951
5954
5651
3
5950
5953
5650
5
5849
5852
5549
7
5849
5852
5549
9
5748
5751
5448
11
5747
5750
5447
13
5746
5750
5346
15
5645
5649
5245
20
5543
5547
5143
25
5441
5445
5041
30
5339
5344
4839
35
5238
5243
4738
40
5136
5141
4636
45
5034
5039
4534
50
4933
4938
4433
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
840 � 870
Hardening
820 � 850
Quenching medium
Oil or water
Tempering
540 � 680
Material No.
1.6511
Code
36CrNiMo4
C
0.32�0.40
Si
≤0.40
Mn
0.50�0.80
P
≤0.035
S
≤0.035
Cr
0.90�1.20
Mo
0.15 � 0.30
Ni
0.90�1.20
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
Hmax.min.
HHmax.min.
HLmax.min.
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250
900800700600550
1100 � 13001000 � 12001900 � 11001800 � 19501750 � 1900
1011121314
4550556060
3540454545
Quenched and tempered Q + T
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
See condition A
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 248
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
58
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0100 101 102 103 104 105 106
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102
AC3
AC1
A
MS
M
HV 10
F P3 3 1010 20 25
753
10 B60 80 901009190
97 97 87 70
532 558 517 542 510 438 345 319 297304 274 229286
Tem
per
atur
in °
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Rm
Rp 0,2
Z
A
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm in
N/m
m2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Anlasstemperatur in oC
THYROFORT® 36 CrNiMo 4Tempering diagram
Typical values for 60 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte
59
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade
HL grade
THYROFORT® 34 CrNiMo 6
1.5
5850
5853
5550
3
5850
5853
5550
5
5850
5853
5550
7
5850
5853
5550
9
5749
5752
5449
11
5748
5751
5448
13
5748
5751
5448
15
5748
5751
5448
20
5748
5751
5448
25
5747
5750
5447
30
5747
5750
5447
35
5747
5750
5447
40
5746
5750
5346
45
5745
5749
5345
50
5744
5748
5344
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
850 � 880
Hardening
830 � 860
Quenching medium
Oil
Tempering
540 � 660
Material No.
1.6582
Code
34CrNiMo6
C
0.30�0.38
Si
≤0.40
Mn
0.50�0.80
P
≤0.035
S
≤0.035
Cr
1.30�1.70
Mo
0.15 � 0.30
Ni
1.30�1.70
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Typical analysis in %
Hmax.min.
HHmax.min.
HLmax.min.
Heat treatment
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250
>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤1000
10001900180017001600
15401490
1200 � 14001100 � 13001000 � 12001900 � 11001800 � 1950
750 � 1900700 � 1850
910111213
1415
4045505555
��
3545454545
4540
Quenched and tempered Q + T
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
See condition A
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 248
To DIN E 17201
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
60
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0100 101 102 103 104 105
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102
106
AC3
AC1
A
MS
M
HV 10
B
4070
923
15 20 30
8085 90
87 82
F 3 8P65
65
35
528 510 505 529 527 483 433 383 349 328 324302
239 202
3215
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
THYROFORT® 34 CrNiMo 6
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Rm
Z
A
Rp 0,2
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm in
N/m
m2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Anlasstemperatur in oC
Tempering diagram
Typical values for 60 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte
61
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade
HL grade
THYROFORT® 30 CrNiMo 8
1.5
5648
5651
5348
3
5648
5651
5348
5
5648
5651
5348
7
5648
5651
5348
9
5547
5550
5247
11
5547
5550
5247
13
5547
5550
5247
15
5546
5549
5246
20
5546
5549
5246
25
5445
5448
5145
30
5445
5448
5145
35
5444
5447
5144
40
5444
5447
5144
45
5443
5447
5043
50
5443
5447
5043
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
850 � 880
Hardening
830 � 860
Quenching medium
Oil
Tempering
540 � 660
Material No.
1.6580
Code
30CrNiMo8
C
0.26�0.34
Si
≤0.40
Mn
0.30�0.60
P
≤0.035
S
≤0.035
Cr
1.80�2.20
Mo
0.30 � 0.50
Ni
1.80�2.20
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
Hmax.min.
HHmax.min.
HLmax.min.
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250
>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤1000
10501050190018001700
16301590
1250 � 14501250 � 14501100 � 13001000 � 12001900 � 1100
1850 � 10001800 � 1950
99101112
1212
4040455050
��
3030354545
4540
Quenched and tempered Q + T
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
See condition A
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 248
To DIN E 17201
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
62
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
100 101 102
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
AC3
AC1
A
MS
M
HV 10
B2010
60 85 9095
574 552 530 534 560 480 476 433 397
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
THYROFORT® 30 CrNiMo 8Tempering diagram
Typical values for 60 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0450 550 650
80
60
40
20
Z
Rm
Rp 0,2
A
Anlasstemperatur oC
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm
in N
/mm
2
63
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade
HL grade
THYROFORT® 36 NiCrMo 16
1.5
5750
5752
5550
3
5649
5651
5449
5
5648
5651
5348
7
5648
5651
5348
9
5648
5651
5348
11
5648
5651
5348
13
5547
5551
5247
15
5547
5550
5247
20
5547
5550
5247
25
5547
5550
5247
30
5547
5550
5247
35
5547
5550
5247
40
5547
5550
5247
45
5547
5550
5247
50
5547
5550
5247
Quenching temperature in theend-quench test
850
Normalising
885 � 905
Hardening
865 � 885
Quenching medium
Air or oil
Tempering
550 � 650
Material No.
1.6773
Code
36NiCrMo16
C
0.32�0.39
Si
≤0.40
Mn
0.30�0.60
P
≤0.030
S
≤0.025
Cr
1.60�2.00
Mo
0.25 � 0.45
Ni
3.60�4.10
Material No.Code
Chemicalcomposition
Heat treatment
Typical analysis in %
Hmax.min.
HHmax.min.
HLmax.min.
Hardenability in theend-quench test
Hardness in HRC
Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions
Heat treatmentdiameter
in mmØ
0.2% proofstress
(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2
Tensile strengthin N/mm2
Rmmin.
Elongation atfracture in %
Amin.
Reduction ofarea at fracture
in % Zmin.
Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)
in J KVmin.
≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250
10501050190018001800
1250 � 14501250 � 14501100 � 13001000 � 12001000 � 1200
1919101111
4040455050
3030354545
Quenched and tempered Q + T
Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for
shearing SHB
See condition A
Soft annealedA
HB
max. 269
Temperatures in °C
Distance from quenched end in mm
64
THYROFORT® 36 NiCrMo 16
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Rm
Rp 0,2Z
A
Str
eckg
renz
e R
p 0
,2 u
nd Z
ugfe
stig
keit
Rm in
N/m
m2
Bru
chd
ehnu
ng A
und
Bru
chei
nsch
nüru
ng Z
in %
Anlasstemperatur in oC
Tempering diagram
Typical values for120 mm diameter
Hardenability diagram
Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm
Här
te in
HR
C
HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte
HL-Sorte
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
100 101 102
100 101 102 103 104
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
Ac1e
Ac1b
HV 10
A + K
MS
M
B
RA518 470515 462528 518
Tem
per
atur
in o
C
Zeit in s
Zeit in min
Zeit in h
Härtewerte
65
Elo
ngat
ion
at f
ract
ure
A a
nd r
educ
tion
of
area
at
frac
ture
Z in
%
0.2%
pro
of
stre
ss R
p0.
2an
d t
ensi
le s
tren
gth
Rm
in N
/mm
2
Tempering temperature in °C
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from quenched end in mm
Time in s
Time in min.
Time in h
Tem
per
atur
e in
°C
Hardness
HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade
HL grade
Effect of microstructure
The strength and toughness of a
heat-treatable steel depend on
the hardening structure and the
tempering temperature.
As shown in Fig. 3, using steel
grade 42 CrMo 4 as an example,
the most favourable combination
of tensile strength and toughness,
illustrated here by the reduction
of area, is reached after
tempering a 100% martensitic
structure. Mixed structures of
bainite and martensite or
ferrite-pearlite and martensite
give less favourable results.
66
Thyrofort – The basics
Heat-treatable steels are steels
whose chemical composition
makes them suitable for harden-
ing. In the quenched and tem-
pered condition, they exhibit a
certain toughness at a given ten-
sile strength.
Heat-treatable steels, as stan-
dardized in DIN EN 10083, for
example, can be mild carbon
steels or steels alloyed with man-
ganese, chromium, molybdenum,
nickel, vanadium and boron, hav-
ing approximately 0.20 to 0.60%
carbon, whose mechanical-tech-
nological properties can be
designed to fulfill the given
requirements by the appropriate
heat treatment – hardening fol-
lowed by tempering at tempera-
tures usually over 550°C.
Effect of the alloying ele-
ments on hardenability
The choice of a suitable steel for
a component demanding a cer-
tain minimum yield point or ulti-
mate strength and toughness
depends on the hardenability of
the steel, the hardening section
and the cooling rate on hardening
(i.e. the quenching medium).
These parameters determine the
capacity of a steel to attain
roughly the same mechanical-
technological properties over a
certain cross-section of the com-
ponent after hardening and tem-
pering. For small sections, this is
possible with unalloyed or Mn-,
Cr- and B-alloyed steels. Larger
sections demand fairly large
quantities of the alloying elements
Cr, Ni, Mo and V in order to ensure
through-hardening. Fig. 2 shows
an example of the effect of alloy-
ing elements on hardenability in
the end-quench test on heat-
treatable steels with approximate-
ly 0.35% carbon.
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Distance from end-face in mm
60
50
40
30
20
100 10 20 30 40 50 60
34 CrMo 4
34 Cr 4
C 35E
36 CrNiMo 4
Fig. 2: Effect of alloying elements onhardenability in the end-quench test
80
70
60
50
40
30
20600 1000 1500 2000
700 oC
600 oC
500 oC
450 oC
350 oC
100% M
50% B50% M
55% F + P45% M
Tensile Strength in N/mm2
Acc. to H.-F. Klärner and E. Hougardy
Red
uctio
n of
Are
a in
%
Tempering Temperature
Steel 42 CrMo 4
Brittle Fracture
Transition
Ductile Fracture
Fig. 3: Effect of the microstructure on reduction of area and toughness
67
The effect of the structure dimin-
ishes with increasing tempering
temperature.
Due to their superior hardening
structure, better strength/tough-
ness combinations can be ob-
tained with higher-alloyed steels
than with unalloyed or low-alloy
grades (Fig. 4).
Temper embrittlement
Apart from these effects, the loss
of toughness due to embrittle-
ment that occurs on tempering
around 300 °C (300 °C embrittle-
ment) and 500 °C (temper brittle-
ness) should be mentioned to
complete the picture.
Accompanying elements, such as
phosphorus, arsenic, antimony
and tin, increase the degree of
temper embrittlement, while
molybdenum or more rapid cool-
ing after tempering reduce it.
In order to avoid such brittleness
effects, it is therefore advisable
not to temper in the temperature
range from 250 °C to 530 °C.
Effect of the carbon
content
Improvements in the fatigue
strength and/or wear resist-
ance of heat-treatable
steels are often achieved by
case hardening. Depending
on the desired surface hardness,
these steels require a minimum
carbon content that must be fully
dissolved on hardening (Fig. 5).
The use of fine-grained steels is
recommended for flame or induc-
tion hardening, to ensure lower
sensitivity to cracking.
Har
dne
ss in
HR
C
Content of carbon dissolved in austenite in %
C-Steels
Ni-Steels
Mn-Si-Steels
Cr-Si-Steels
Cr-Ni-Mo-Steels
Cr-Ni-Steels
Mo-Steels
Cr-Mo-Steels
Cr-Steels
% Martensite
Greatest hardnessacc. to Burns, Moore and Archer
Hardness with various martensite contents,acc. to Hodge and Orehoski
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
100.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
99.9%95.0%90.0%
80.0%50.0%
Dimensional Range 40-100 mmM
inim
um A
bso
rbed
Ene
rgy
(DV
M S
amp
le) i
n J
Minimum Yield Point in N/mm 2
CrNiMo steels
1% CrMo steels
unalloyed steels
1% Cr steels
60
50
40
30
20300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Fig. 4: Effect of chemical composition onthe minimum 0.2% proof stress andtoughness of heat-treatable steels
Fig. 5: Hardness as a function of carboncontent for structures with various marten-site contents (acc. to Gerber and Wyss).
Technical information
The heat-treatable steels dis-
cussed in this publication are
special engineering steels which
exhibit a higher degree of purity
compared to high-grade steels,
particularly with regard to non-
metallic inclusions, and react uni-
formly to heat treatment. Careful
balancing of the chemical compo-
sition and special manufacturing
and testing conditions allow the
most varied machining and ser-
vice properties to be achieved,
e.g. high or very specific strength
or hardenability in conjunction
with high demands on toughness,
ductility, etc.
Heat-treatable steels are predom-
inantly used for mechanically
highly stressed components, e.g.
in automotive and general me-
chanical engineering.
Forming and machining
Heat-treatable steels exhibit good
hot forming properties. Their cold
workability depends on the car-
bon content, the quantities of
alloying elements and the crys-
talline structure. Heat-treatable
steels intended to be processed
by cold upsetting or cold extru-
sion are usually supplied in the
ASC-annealed condition.
Machinability is mostly influenced
by the strength, the micro-
structure and the non-metallic
inclusions.
In general, it can be said that
machinability deteriorates with
increasing strength and tough-
ness. This is why ferritic-pearlitic
structures, for example, can be
more easily machined than
bainitic or martensitic structures.
In cases involving extensive ma-
chining of components made of
high-strength steels (approx.
>1000 N/mm2), it can thus be
appropriate not to carry out
hardening and tempering until the
part has been pre-machined.
In order to improve machinability,
heat-treatable steels are usually
supplied with a controlled sul-
phur content of 0.020 – 0.040%.
Steels whose machinability has
been improved by special metal-
lurgical treatment can be sup-
plied on request.
68
Heat treatment
The prerequisite for understanding
the individual heat treatment
processes of heat-treatable steels
and the resulting structures is a
knowledge of the time-tempera-
ture-transformation (TTT) diagrams
or the cooling-time-temperature-
transformation (CTT) diagrams of
the individual steel grades.
The important heat treatment
processes for heat-treatable steels
(acc. to DIN 17014) are shown
schematically in the isothermal and
continuous TTT diagrams (Figs. 6
and 8) or in the temperature-time
profile with linear time axis (Figs. 7
and 9).
Heat treatment -Schematic representation
(continous)
Tempering
Stress relieving
Fig. 6TTT-Diagram continous
Fig. 7Time-temperature diagram
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0Time (log.) Time in h (linear)
A
M 1
B2
F P5
3 6
4
= Start of transformation
= End of transformation
A Austenite range
F Ferrite range
P Pearlite range
B Bainite range
M Martensite range
AC1
AC3
AC1
MS
AC3
Fig. 6: TTT diagram, continous
Fig. 7: Time-temperature diagram with linear abscissa
Heat treatment processes,
illustrated in a TTT diagram
for continuous cooling
Hardening (Q, Curve 1)
Heat treatment consisting of
austenitising and cooling under
conditions leading to an increase
in hardness due to more or less
complete transformation of the
austenite into martensite and
possibly bainite.
Quenching and tempering (Q + T,
Curves 1 and 3)
Hardening with subsequent tem-
pering, usually above 550 °C, in
order to achieve the required com-
bination of mechanical properties.
It is particularly the aim to improve
the toughness in comparison with
the hardened state.
Normalising (N, Curve 2)
Heat treatment consisting of
austenitising at temperatures
about 50 °C above AC3 and subse-
quent cooling in still air.
69
Technical information
Heat treatment processes,
illustrated in a TTT diagram
with isothermal treatment
Isothermal transformation in the
pearlite or bainite stage
(Curves 5 and 6)
Heat treatment consisting of
austenitising, followed by cooling
to an appropriate temperature and
holding at this temperature until
the desired degree of transforma-
tion has been achieved. Further
cooling to room temperature can
be carried out as desired. Depend-
ing on the transformation tempera-
ture involved, a distinction is made
between pearlitising (Curve 6) and
bainitising (Curve 5).
Heat treatment processes,
illustrated in a temperature/
time profile with linear time
axis
Tempering (T, Curve 3)
Single or multiple heating of a
hardened workpiece to a given
temperature AC1, holding at this
temperature and subsequent ap-
propriate cooling.
Annealing to spherical carbides
(AC, Curves 8 and 9)
Annealing with the aim of spheroid-
ising the carbides. It usually com-
prises extended holding at a tem-
perature near AC1, possibly fluctu-
ating around this value.
Stress relief annealing (Curve 4)
Annealing with the aim of reducing
residual stresses without appre-
ciably changing the structure or
mechanical properties.
Soft annealing (A, Curve 7)
Heat treatment for reducing the
hardness of a workpiece to values
below a given limit.
N.B.: Soft annealing should not be
confused with annealing to spheri-
cal carbides.
Special case: Annealing for
particular shearing (S) and sawing
properties.
Tem
per
atur
e in
o C
Time (log.) t
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
AF
P
B
56
= Start of transformation
= End of transformation
A Austenite range
F Ferrite range
B range of intermediate structure
M Martensite range
AC3
AC1
Time
Tem
per
atur
e
Soft annealing
ASC-annealing
AC3
AC1
7
8
9
8
Fig. 8: TTT diagram, isothermal Fig. 9: Schematic representation of the temperature/time profile forannealing to spherical cementite (ASC) and soft annealing
70
71
Sampling according to DIN EN 10083
Sampling of bar steel and wire rod Fig. 10
d up to 25 mm 1) d over 25 mm a up to 25 mm 1)
b ≥ aa over 25 mmb ≥ a
Round sections Square and rectangular sections
Tensile specimen notched bar impact specimen
For thin products (d or b ≤ 25 mm) the specimen should,as far as possible, consist of an unmachined part of the bar.
With products having a round section, the longitudinal axle of the notchshould be generally in the direction of a diameter.
With products having rectangular sections, the longitudinal axle of the notchmust be at right angles to the wider roll surface.
d
d
d
12.5
d
12.5
12.5
a
b
12.5
a
b
12.5
a
b
12.5
12,5
b
a
12.5
2) 3) 3)
1)
2)
3)
The values given for the mechani-
cal properties in Figs. 1a-h and in
the material data sheets apply to
samples in the “quenched and
tempered” or “normalised” heat-
treated condition, taken in accor-
dance with Fig. 10.
Technical information
According to DIN EN 10083, the
ruling heat treatment section of a
product is the cross-section for
which the mechanical properties
are defined.
Regardless of the actual shape and
dimensions of the product, the di-
mension for the ruling heat treat-
ment section is always expressed
in the form of a diameter. This di-
ameter corresponds to the diame-
ter of an “equivalent steel bar”.
This is a steel bar which, when
cooled from the austenitisation
temperature, has the same cooling
rate at the location of the cross-
section envisaged for sampling as
the ruling section of the product in
question at the point envisaged for
sampling.
Determination of the ruling heat treatment diameter acc. to DIN EN 17201 Fig. 11
Fig. 11: Conversion formulas for determin-ing the ruling heat treatment diameter dfor various geometries
Ruling heat treatment diameter
d = D
d = 1.1 · a
Di ≤ 80 mm80 < Di ≤ 200 mm200 < Di
d = 2d = 1.75d = 1.5
d = 2.5 · W
d = Fd
d = Fd
d = 1.03 · Sw
d = 0.7 · a
a
ab
D h
Da
hDi
hDi
Da
DiW
W
W
FdD
D
Fb
Fd
Fb
FdD
Fb
Fb
Fd D
Sw
a
· W· W· W
D
D
Di
Da
a,b
W
Sw
h
Fd
Fb
Name
Roundsection
Squaresection
Oblongsection
Disc
Disc withhole
Ring
Tube
one-end
or
double-end closedhollow body
Endflange
Shaftend
Centreflange
Schaft,roll
Triangle
Dreieck
Sketch ofProduct section
Equation for determiningthe appropriate heat treatmentdiameter
(bar)
(bar)
(bar)
(bar)
(bar)
If two equations are available, both are used to calculate d. The lowervalue of d is then used.
In Fig. 6 equations arequoted for thedetermination of theappropriate heattreatment diameter d.
= Diameter
= Inner diameter
= Outer diameter
= edge length
= wall thickness
= Hexagon width
= Height
= Flange and shaft or roll diameter
= Flange and shaft or roll width
d = Fd- D4
+D( )2 +Fb2
d = Fb2 · D2
d = 1.5 · 2
Da -Di2h ·d = 1.05 ·
Da -Di
d =
d = 1.5 · h
Da -Di2h ·
d =
d = 1.5 · h
h · D
d = 1.05 ·
d = 1.5 · b
a · b
72
73
< 0.55 ± 0.02C
> 0.55 < 0.65 ± 0.03
Si < 0.40 ± 0.03
< 1.00 ± 0.04Mn
> 1.00 < 1.65 ± 0.05
P < 0.035 ± 0.005
S < 0.040 ± 0.0052
< 2.00 ± 0.05Cr
> 2.00 < 2.20 ± 0.10
< 0.30 ± 0.03Mo
> 0.30 < 0.50 ± 0.04
< 2.00 ± 0.05Ni
> 2.00 < 4.10 ± 0.07
V < 0.25 ± 0.02
1 ± means that, for a given melt, either theupper or the lower limit of the range givenfor the ladle analysis in Tables 2 and 3 maybe exceeded, but not both at once.
2 For steels with a range of 0.020 to 0.040%sulphur according to the ladle analysis, thedeviation from the limit is ± 0.005%.
For check analysis, chips must be takenuniformly over the whole cross-section ofthe test piece.
Maximum permissiblecontent in the ladle analysis
% by weight
Deviation from limit1
% by weight
Permissible deviations between check analysis and ladle analysis Table 4
Element
Technical information
Grade Mat. Code name Other USA JapanNo. according to German
EN 10083-1 standards
Comparison of international standards
Comparison of the heat-treatable steels according to DIN EN 10083 or
DIN E 17201 and DIN 17212 with international designations and standards Table 5
Thyrofort C 22 E 1.1151 C22E DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 1020/1023 JIS S20C/S20CK /S22CDIN 1652 T4 / SEW 550
Thyrofort C 35 E 1.1181 C35E DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 1035/1038 JIS S35CDIN E 17240/ DIN 1652 T4 /SEW 550
Thyrofort C 35 R 1.1180 C35R DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1035 –Thyrofort Cf 35 1.1183 – DIN 17212 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1035 JIS S35CThyrofort C 45 E 1.1191 C45E DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 1045 JIS S45C/S45C
DIN 1652 T4 / SEW 550Thyrofort C 45 R 1.1201 C45R DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1049 JIS S50CThyrofort Cf 45 1.1193 – DIN 17212 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1045 JIS S45CThyrofort Cf 53 1.1213 – DIN 17212 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1050/1055 JIS S50CThyrofort C 55 E 1.1203 C55E DIN 17204 / DIN 17222 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1055 JIS S55CThyrofort C 55 R 1.1209 C55R DIN 17204 / DIN 17222 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1055 –Thyrofort C 60 E 1.1221 C60E DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 1060/1064 JIS S58C
DIN E 17222 / DIN 1652 T4 /SEW 550
Thyrofort C 60 R 1.1223 C60R DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 28 Mn 6 1.1170 28Mn6 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 1330 JIS SCMn1
DIN 1652 T4 / SEW 550Thyrofort 46 Cr 2 1.7006 46Cr2 DIN 1652 T4 / DIN 1654 T4 AISI / SAE /ASTM 5045/5046 –Thyrofort 46 CrS 2 1.7025 46CrS2 DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 34 Cr 4 1.7033 34Cr2 DIN 1652 T4 / DIN 1654 T4 AISI / SAE /ASTM 5132 JIS SCr430(H)Thyrofort 34 CrS 4 1.7037 34CrS4 DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 37 Cr 4 1.7034 37Cr4 DIN 1652 T4 / DIN 1654 T4 AISI / SAE /ASTM 5135 JIS SCr435(H)Thyrofort 37 CrS 4 1.7038 37CrS4 DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 41 Cr 4 1.7035 41Cr4 DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 5140 JIS SCr440(H)
DIN 1654 T4Thyrofort 41 CrS 4 1.7039 41CrS4 DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 51 CrV 4 1.8159 51CrV4 DIN 17211 / DIN 17222 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 6145 /6150 JIS SUP10
DIN 1652 T4Thyrofort 25 CrMo 4 1.7218 25CrMo4 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 4130 JIS SCM420/SCM430/SCCRM1
DIN 17176 / DIN 1652 T4 /DIN 1654 T4
Thyrofort 25 CrMoS 4 1.7213 25CrMoS4 DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 34 CrMo 4 1.7220 34CrMo4 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 4135 /4137 JIS SCM432/SCM435(H)/SCCRM3
DIN 1652 T4 /DIN 1654 T4 / SEW 550
Thyrofort 34 CrMoS 4 1.7226 34CrMoS4 DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 42 CrMo 4 1.7225 42CrMo4 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 4140 /4142 JIS SCM440(H)/SNB7
DIN 1652 T4 /DIN 1654 T4 / SEW 550
Thyrofort 42 CrMoS 4 1.7227 42CrMoS4 DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 50 CrMo 4 1.7228 50CrMo4 DIN E 17201 / DIN 1652 T4 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 4150 JIS SCM445(H)
SEW 550Thyrofort 30 CrMoV 9 1.7707 – DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / – –
DIN 1652 T4 SEW 550Thyrofort 36 CrNiMo 4 1.6511 36CrNiMo4 DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 AISI / SAE /ASTM 4340 /9840 –Thyrofort 34 CrNiMo 6 1.6582 34CrNiMo6 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 4337 /4340 JIS SNCM447
DIN 1652 T4 /DIN 1654 T4 / SEW 550
Thyrofort 30 CrNiMo 8 1.6580 30CrNiMo8 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / – JIS SNCM431DIN 1652 T4 /DIN 1654 T4 / SEW 550
Thyrofort 36 NiCrMo 16 1.6773 36NiCrMo16 – – –
74
Technical information
75
Hardness comparison table
Tensile strength, Brinell, Vickers and Rockwell hardness
Tensilestrength
RmN/mm2
Ball inden-tation mm
d HB
Brinell hardness Vickershardness
HV
Rockwell hardness
HRB HRC HR 30 N
255 6.63 76.0 80 – – –270 6.45 80.7 85 41.0 – –285 6.30 85.5 90 48.0 – –305 6.16 90.2 95 52.0 – –320 6.01 95.0 100 56.2 – –335 5.90 99.8 105 – – –350 5.75 105 110 62.3 – –370 5.65 109 115 – – –385 5.54 114 120 66.7 – –400 5.43 119 125 – – –415 5.33 124 130 71.2 – –430 5.26 128 135 – – –450 5.16 133 140 75.0 – –465 5.08 138 145 – – –480 4.99 143 150 78.7 – –495 4.93 147 155 – – –510 4.85 152 160 81.7 – –530 4.79 156 165 – – –545 4.71 162 170 85.0 – –560 4.66 166 175 – – –575 4.59 171 180 87.1 – –595 4.53 176 185 – – –610 4.47 181 190 89.5 – –625 4.43 185 195 – – –640 4.37 190 200 91.5 – –660 4.32 195 205 92.5 – –675 4.27 199 210 93.5 – –690 4.22 204 215 94.0 – –705 4.18 209 220 95.0 – –720 4.13 214 225 96.0 – –740 4.08 219 230 96.7 – –755 4.05 223 235 – – –770 4.01 228 240 98.1 20.3 41.7785 3.97 233 245 – 21.3 42.5800 3.92 238 250 99.5 22.2 43.4820 3.89 242 255 – 23.1 44.2835 3.86 247 260 (101) 24.0 45.0850 3.82 252 265 – 24.8 45.7865 3.78 257 270 (102) 25.6 46.4880 3.75 261 275 – 26.4 47.2900 3.72 266 280 (104) 27.1 47.8915 3.69 271 285 – 27.8 48.4930 3.66 276 290 (105) 28.5 49.0950 3.63 280 295 – 29.2 49.7965 3.60 285 300 – 29.8 50.2995 3.54 295 310 – 31.0 51.3
1030 3.49 304 320 – 32.2 52.31060 3.43 314 330 – 33.3 53.61095 3.39 323 340 – 34.4 54.41125 3.34 333 350 – 35.5 55.41155 3.29 342 360 – 36.6 56.41190 3.25 352 370 – 37.7 57.41220 3.21 361 380 – 38.8 58.41255 3.17 371 390 – 39.8 59.31290 3.13 380 400 – 40.8 60.21320 3.09 390 410 – 41.8 61.11350 3.06 399 420 – 42.7 61.91385 3.02 409 430 – 43.6 62.71420 2.99 418 440 – 44.5 63.51455 2.95 428 450 – 45.3 64.31485 2.92 437 460 – 46.1 64.91520 2.89 447 470 – 46.9 65.71555 2.86 (456) 480 – 47.7 66.41595 2.83 (466) 490 – 48.4 67.11630 2.81 (475) 500 – 49.1 67.71665 2.78 (485) 510 – 49.8 68.31700 2.75 (494) 520 – 50.5 69.01740 2.73 (504) 530 – 51.1 69.51775 2.70 (513) 540 – 51.7 70.01810 2.68 (523) 550 – 52.3 70.51845 2.66 (532) 560 – 53.0 71.21880 2.63 (542) 570 – 53.6 71.71920 2.60 (551) 580 – 54.1 72.11955 2.59 (561) 590 – 54.7 72.71995 2.57 (570) 600 – 55.2 73.2
Tensilestrength
RmN/mm2
Ballindentation
mm d HB
Brinell hardness Vickershardness
HV
Rockwell hardness
HRB HRC HR 30 N
2030 2.54 (580) 610 – 55.7 73.72070 2.52 (589) 620 – 56.3 74.22105 2.51 (599) 630 – 56.8 74.62145 2.49 (608) 640 – 57.3 75.12180 2.47 (618) 650 – 57.8 75.5
– – – 660 – 58.3 75.9– – – 670 – 58.8 76.4– – – 680 – 59.2 76.8– – – 690 – 59.7 77.2– – – 700 – 60.1 77.6– – – 720 – 61.0 78.4– – – 740 – 61.8 79.1– – – 760 – 62.5 79.7– – – 780 – 63.3 80.4– – – 800 – 64.0 81.1– – – 820 – 64.7 81.7– – – 840 – 65.3 82.2– – – 860 – 65.9 82.7– – – 880 – 66.4 83.1– – – 900 – 67.0 83.6– – – 920 – 67.5 84.0– – – 940 – 68.0 84.4
Tensile strength N/mm2 Rm
Brinell hardness1) Diameter of the d1) Calculated from: ball indentation in mm
HB = 0.95 · HV
(0.102 F/D2 = 30) Hardness HBD = 10 value =
Vickers hardness Diamond pyramid HVTest forces ≥ 50 N
Rockwell hardness Ball 1.588 mm (1/16“) HRBTotal test force = 98 N
Diamond cone HRCTotal test force = 1471 N
Diamond coneTotal test force = 294 N HR 30 N
0.102 · 2 Fπ D (D – √D2 – d2)
Conversions of hardness values using this conversion table are only approximate.See DIN 50 150, December 1976.
76
Forms supplied
55 – 250 mm dia.
Sharp-edged50 – 103 mm square
DIN 1014
DIN 7527
DIN 1013
> 200 mm dia. standard in-company tolerance, closertolerance on request
Subject topurchaseorder
Special:*)≤ +100/-0
Flat:Width: 80 – 510 mmThickness: 25 – 160 mmWidth/thickness ratio 10:1 max
Width: 25 – 160 mm
Thickness:80 – 550 mm
65 – 750 mm dia.
265 – 650 mm square
flat: on request
50 – 320 mm square,rising in 1 mm incre-ments
52 – 400 mm dia.
52 – 300 mm dia.
DIN 1017up to 150 mm width and 60 mm thickness;over 150 mm widthstandard in-company tole-rance
Tolerance on request
< 210 mm +/- 2%> 210 mm +/- 3%of edge length
Special:*)≤ 100 mm +/- 1%
of edge length
> 100 mm – 210 mm
+/- 1.5% of edge length
ISA Tol. 11 or comparabletolerance
ISA Tol. 11 or comparabletolerance
ISA-Tol. 8 or comparable tolerance
≤ 80 mm: 4.0 mm/m
> 80 mm: 2.5 mm/m
4.0 – 10 m,other lengthson request
Lengths as a function ofdimensionsand heat-treatmentcondition on request
3 - 10 m, onrequest 30 mmax. as afunction ofdia. andmax. bardead weightof 7 t
Hot-sawn or hot abrasi-ve-cut
Special:*)Cold-sawn,cold abrasive-cut
Hot abrasive-cut or cold-sawn
Special:*)Cold abrasive-cut
≤ 210 mm square:hot-sawn or hot abrasi-ve-cut
> 210 mm square:hot-sheared
Special:*)Cold abrasive-cut, cold-sawn
Hot-sawn/hotabrasive-cut
Special:*)Cold-sawn/abrasive-cut
Dimensions 50- 105 mm withround chamfer30° or 45°,chamfer widthapprox. 5 -12mm, otherwidths by ar-rangement
Rough-peeled finishavailable for 52 -240 mm
Max. permissiblesurface defect dep-ths:
Round: 1% max. ofdia. + 0.05 mm
Square: 1% max. ofedge length
Flat: 1.5% max. ofwidth, 2.0% max. ofthickness
Special:*)Smaller surfacedefect depth onrequest
Special:*)
- Rough-peeled- Turned- Milled
Edge radius:
< 210 mm - 12-18%of edge length
> 210 mm: withoutdefined edge radius
Max. perm. surfacedefect depth:
≤ 140 mm sq.0.3 mm max.
> 140 - 200 mm sq.0.6 mm max.
> 200 mm sq.visible defects elimi-nated
Technically crack-freecondition e.g. eddy-current tested orcomparable tech-nique, defined depthof roughness and sui-table packaging byspecial arrangement
< 1000 mm2:4.0 mm/m
> 1000 mm2:2.5 mm/m
Special:*)Speciallystraightened
Standard: 6 mm/m
Special:*)4 mm/m
As-peeledstraightness ≤ 2 mm/m, 1 mm/m orcloser as afunction ofdimensions on request
Untreated
Cold-sheara-ble
Cold-sawable
Normalized
Treated toferrite-pearlitestructure
Treated tohardnessrange
Soft-annealed
Spheroidize-annealed
Stress-relie-ved
Quenchedand tempered
Bar steeland roundbillets fortubemakingrolled
Sheet barsrolled withbulbous nar-row face
Bar steeland semis forged
Semisrolled
Bright steel
peeled
peeled andpolished
*) Special finishes subject to further inquiry (partly dependent on quality, dimensions and condition)
ground 52 – 100 mm dia.
Semis:as-forgedstraightness
Bar steel:to DIN withinthe tolerancelimit
3 – 8 m
Surface finishAs-suppliedcondition
End condition
Lengths/weightsStraightnessLengthsDia. or edge length
TolerancesProduct Dimensions
on requestAs-castingots/c.c.blooms Open-dieforgings
Forgings forged toshape on request(drawing)
Temperature Comparison
Chart
°C °F K °C °F K °C °F K
–273,15 –459,67 0,00 380,00 716,00 653,15 910,00 1670,00 1183,15
–270,00 –454,00 3,15 390,00 743,00 663,15 920,00 1688,00 1193,15
–200,00 –328,00 73,15 400,00 752,00 673,15 930,00 1706,00 1203,15
–150,00 –238,00 123,15 410,00 770,00 683,15 940,00 1724,00 1213,15
–100,00 –148,00 173,15 420,00 788,00 693,15 950,00 1742,00 1223,15
– 90,00 –130,00 183,15 430,00 806,00 703,15 960,00 1760,00 1233,15
– 80,00 –112,00 193,15 440,00 824,00 713,15 970,00 1778,00 1243,15
– 70,00 – 94,00 203,15 450,00 842,00 723,15 980,00 1796,00 1253,15
– 60,00 – 76,00 213,15 460,00 860,00 733,15 990,00 1814,00 1263,15
– 50,00 – 58,00 223,15 470,00 878,00 743,15 1000,00 1832,00 1273,15
– 40,00 – 40,00 233,15 480,00 896,00 753,15 1010,00 1850,00 1283,15
– 30,00 – 22,00 243,15 490,00 914,00 763,15 1020,00 1868,00 1393,15
– 20,00 – 4,00 253,15 500,00 932,00 773,15 1030,00 1886,00 1303,15
– 17,78 0,00 255,37 510,00 950,00 783,15 1040,00 1904,00 1313,15
– 10,00 14,00 263,15 520,00 968,00 793,15 1050,00 1922,00 1323,15
0,00 32,00 273,15 530,00 986,00 803,15 1060,00 1940,00 1333,15
10,00 50,00 283,15 540,00 1004,00 813,15 1070,00 1958,00 1343,15
20,00 68,00 293,15 550,00 1022,00 823,15 1080,00 1976,00 1353,15
30,00 86,00 303,15 560,00 1040,00 833,15 1090,00 1994,00 1363,15
40,00 104,00 313,15 570,00 1058,00 843,15 1100,00 2012,00 1373,15
50,00 122,00 323,15 580,00 1076,00 853,15 1110,00 2030,00 1383,15
60,00 140,00 333,15 590,00 1094,00 863,15 1120,00 2048,00 1393,15
70,00 158,00 343,15 600,00 1112,00 873,15 1130,00 2066,00 1403,15
80,00 176,00 353,15 610,00 1130,00 883,15 1140,00 2084,00 1413,15
90,00 194,00 363,15 620,00 1148,00 893,15 1150,00 2102,00 1423,15
100,00 212,00 373,15 630,00 1166,00 903,15 1160,00 2120,00 1433,15
110,00 230,00 383,15 640,00 1184,00 913,15 1170,00 2138,00 1443,15
120,00 248,00 393,15 650,00 1202,00 923,15 1180,00 2156,00 1453,15
130,00 266,00 403,15 660,00 1220,00 933,15 1190,00 2174,00 1463,15
140,00 284,00 413,15 670,00 1238,00 943,15 1200,00 2192,00 1473,15
150,00 302,00 423,15 680,00 1256,00 953,15 1210,00 2210,00 1483,15
160,00 320,00 433,15 690,00 1274,00 963,15 1220,00 2228,00 1493,15
170,00 338,00 443,15 700,00 1292,00 973,15 1230,00 2246,00 1503,15
180,00 356,00 453,15 710,00 1310,00 983,15 1240,00 2264,00 1513,15
190,00 374,00 463,15 720,00 1328,00 993,15 1250,00 2282,00 1523,15
200,00 392,00 473,15 730,00 1346,00 1003,15 1260,00 2300,00 1533,15
210,00 410,00 483,15 740,00 1364,00 1013,15 1270,00 2318,00 1543,15
220,00 428,00 493,15 750,00 1382,00 1023,15 1280,00 2336,00 1553,15
230,00 446,00 503,15 760,00 1400,00 1033,15 1290,00 2354,00 1563,15
240,00 464,00 513,15 770,00 1418,00 1043,15 1300,00 2372,00 1573,15
250,00 482,00 523,15 780,00 1436,00 1053,15 1310,00 2390,00 1583,15
260,00 500,00 533,15 790,00 1454,00 1063,15 1320,00 2408,00 1593,15
270,00 518,00 543,15 800,00 1472,00 1073,15 1330,00 2426,00 1603,15
280,00 536,00 553,15 810,00 1490,00 1083,15 1340,00 2444,00 1613,15
290,00 554,00 563,15 820,00 1508,00 1093,15 1350,00 2462,00 1623,15
300,00 572,00 573,15 830,00 1526,00 1103,15 1360,00 2480,00 1633,15
310,00 590,00 583,15 840,00 1544,00 1113,15 1370,00 2498,00 1643,15
320,00 608,00 593,15 850,00 1562,00 1123,15 1380,00 2516,00 1653,15
330,00 626,00 603,15 860,00 1580,00 1133,15 1390,00 2234,00 1663,15
340,00 644,00 613,15 870,00 1598,00 1143,15 1400,00 2552,00 1673,15
350,00 662,00 623,15 880,00 1616,00 1153,15 1500,00 2732,00 1783,15
360,00 680,00 633,15 890,00 1634,00 1163,15 2000,00 3632,00 2273,15
370,00 698,00 643,15 900,00 1652,00 1173,15 2500,00 4532,00 2773,15
°C °F K
X = particular K X– 273 9/5 (X–273) + 32 X
measured °C X 9/5 X + 32 X + 273
temperature °F 5/9 (X–32) X 5/9 (X–32) + 273
77
78
Page Source Object/Motif
Cover Alfing Crankshaft03 Steinmetz Crankshaft04 MAN, B&W Ship’s engine4 – 5 Company photo Forge4 – 5 Company photo, Siemens Turbine shaft5 Company photo Team meeting6 Thyssen Umformtechnik Crankshaft6 – 7 Alfing Crankshaft7 Steinmetz Chips8 Company photo Bar steel warehouse8 Company photo Bar steel warehouse8 – 9 Steinmetz Rudder spindles9 Company photo Bar steel warehouse
10 Bavaria Landing gear10 Imagine Oil tanker10 – 11 MAN Ship’s engine10 – 11 Shuton Recirculating ball screw10 PSA Peugot Citroen Peugot 60711 DAF XF95 truck11 Doppelmayr Chairlift11 Mannesmann High-pressure tubes11 Company photo Sliding sleeve11 Image Ariane launcher
12 Company photo Wheel loader12 Atlas Copco Demolition hammer12 – 13 Mannesmann Röhrenwerke Continuous tube mill12 Company photo Sliding sleeve13 Baker Hughes Oil tool13 Company photo Drilling rig13 Schwellis/Peddinghaus BMW suspension13 Schwellis/Peddinghaus Ripper tips/Excavator tooth13 Company photo Axle stub13 Worthington Heiser Gas cylinders14 Company photo Electric arc furnace14 Company photo Vacuum plant15 Company photo Continuous casting plant15 Company photo ESR plant16 Company photo Control room, 3000 t press16 Company photo Forging bar steel16 Company photo Blooming mill16 – 17 Company photo Forging, 3000 t press17 Carlow Peeling machine17 Company photo Bar steel warehouse17 Company photo Forging, 3000 t press
List of photos
79
General note (liability)
All statements regarding the properties
or utilisation of the materials or products
mentioned are for the purposes of
description only. Guarantees regarding
the existence of certain properties or a
certain utilisation are only ever valid if
agreed upon in writing.
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EDELSTAHL WITTEN-KREFELD GMBHAuestraße 4, 58452 Witten/Germany · Tel. (+49) 2302/294307 · Fax (+49) 2302/294308
E-mail: [email protected] · Internet: www.edelstahl-witten-krefeld.de
• Sales - Heat-treatable steelsTel. (+49) 2302/294346 · Fax (+49) 2302/294687 0 23 0E-mail: [email protected]
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Heat-treatable steels
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