devyani 1st ext. presentation
TRANSCRIPT
Dissertation Presentation
On
LOW-VOLTAGE LOW-DROPOUT REGULATOR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Prof Sampat KV DEVYANIHOD ECE 1309136702MrsSangeeta Mangesh MTechECE Dept Adv ECEJSSATE ndash Noida JSSATE - Noida
OUTLINEbull Objective of Power Managementbull Basic Idea of Linear Regulatorbull Issues of Concern in LDOsbull Existing Techniques Used Pros and Cons based on
Literature survey in Detailbull Problem Statementbull Project Objectivebull Parametric Objectivebull Tool Usedbull Block Diagrambull Progress Till datebull Proposed Workbull Conclusion bull Future Scope References
POWER MANAGEMENT
bull Batteries discharge ldquoalmostrdquo linearly with time
bull Circuits with reduced power supply that are time dependent operate poorly Optimal circuit performance can not be obtained
bull Objective of a power converter is to provide a regulated output voltage
COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
bull Low drop‐out linear regulator (LDO)bull Switch‐inductor regulator (switching regulators)bull Switch‐capacitor regulator (charge pump)
TYPES
bull Different applicationsbull Desired efficiency and output ripple
LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
The LDO act as a variable resistor that is placed between input power source and the load in order to drop and control the voltage applied to the load
bull Compared to DC‐DC switching regulators LDOs are
ndash Of continuous operation
ndash Easier to use
ndash Cheaper solution
ndash But of Lower efficiency
ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
bull Pass transistor
1048782 load current will determine its size and thus layout
bull Error amplifier
1048782 The accuracy required by the LDO determines the magnitude of the open loop gain
1048782 Single pole architectures are recommended for better and easier stability
1048782 The amp transient requirement is dependent on the stability ie gain and phase margins There is a trade‐off in making the PM high and speed of amp This is also true for the Gain
1048782 Should have high PSRR
ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
bull Bandgap voltage reference
1048782 Should have high PSR
bull Stability and speed of the feedback loop
1048782 Should be assured under all load conditions
bull Choice of the capacitors and feedback resistors (Rf1 and Rf2)
1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE
CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
MOTIVATION
Problem
ndash Supply ripples affect AnalogRF blocks
ndash Switching converter ripple frequencies are increasing
bull Solution LDO with good PSR at higher operating frequencies
bull Challenges Low drop‐out voltage low quiescent current small
area high PSR across a wide frequency range
PSR DEGRADTION
PSR degrades at higher frequencies due tobull Finite GBW of feed‐forward amplifier (cancellation path)bull Finite closed loop bandwidthbull Finite self inductance (ESL) of off‐chip capacitor
PROPOSED ARCHITECTUREFEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC) LDO
bull Main Ideandash Cancellation path replicates the ripples at gate of pass transistorndash Gate‐source overdrive voltage is free of ripple
2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Conventional LDOs are typically implemented with at least one feedback loop which is stabilized using a huge external capacitor
LDOs is focused on removing this external capacitor while maintaining stability good transient response and high power supply rejection performance
Dominant pole
Conventional LDO Capacitor-Less LDO
Dominant pole
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
bull Stability (light loads)bull Load Transient Responsebull Power Supply Rejection
CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
bull Capacitor‐less LDOs can be roughly divided into two main groups based on the number of active loops
bull Single Loop LDOs
Have at least three gain stages to increase the loop gain
bull Multiple Active Loop LDOs
Have two or more loops to enhance slew rate at the gate of the pass transistor
A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
Miller Compensation Architecture [Leung03]
Q‐Reduction Architecture [Lau07]
ωp1 ltlt ωp2 ωp3
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
OUTLINEbull Objective of Power Managementbull Basic Idea of Linear Regulatorbull Issues of Concern in LDOsbull Existing Techniques Used Pros and Cons based on
Literature survey in Detailbull Problem Statementbull Project Objectivebull Parametric Objectivebull Tool Usedbull Block Diagrambull Progress Till datebull Proposed Workbull Conclusion bull Future Scope References
POWER MANAGEMENT
bull Batteries discharge ldquoalmostrdquo linearly with time
bull Circuits with reduced power supply that are time dependent operate poorly Optimal circuit performance can not be obtained
bull Objective of a power converter is to provide a regulated output voltage
COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
bull Low drop‐out linear regulator (LDO)bull Switch‐inductor regulator (switching regulators)bull Switch‐capacitor regulator (charge pump)
TYPES
bull Different applicationsbull Desired efficiency and output ripple
LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
The LDO act as a variable resistor that is placed between input power source and the load in order to drop and control the voltage applied to the load
bull Compared to DC‐DC switching regulators LDOs are
ndash Of continuous operation
ndash Easier to use
ndash Cheaper solution
ndash But of Lower efficiency
ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
bull Pass transistor
1048782 load current will determine its size and thus layout
bull Error amplifier
1048782 The accuracy required by the LDO determines the magnitude of the open loop gain
1048782 Single pole architectures are recommended for better and easier stability
1048782 The amp transient requirement is dependent on the stability ie gain and phase margins There is a trade‐off in making the PM high and speed of amp This is also true for the Gain
1048782 Should have high PSRR
ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
bull Bandgap voltage reference
1048782 Should have high PSR
bull Stability and speed of the feedback loop
1048782 Should be assured under all load conditions
bull Choice of the capacitors and feedback resistors (Rf1 and Rf2)
1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE
CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
MOTIVATION
Problem
ndash Supply ripples affect AnalogRF blocks
ndash Switching converter ripple frequencies are increasing
bull Solution LDO with good PSR at higher operating frequencies
bull Challenges Low drop‐out voltage low quiescent current small
area high PSR across a wide frequency range
PSR DEGRADTION
PSR degrades at higher frequencies due tobull Finite GBW of feed‐forward amplifier (cancellation path)bull Finite closed loop bandwidthbull Finite self inductance (ESL) of off‐chip capacitor
PROPOSED ARCHITECTUREFEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC) LDO
bull Main Ideandash Cancellation path replicates the ripples at gate of pass transistorndash Gate‐source overdrive voltage is free of ripple
2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Conventional LDOs are typically implemented with at least one feedback loop which is stabilized using a huge external capacitor
LDOs is focused on removing this external capacitor while maintaining stability good transient response and high power supply rejection performance
Dominant pole
Conventional LDO Capacitor-Less LDO
Dominant pole
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
bull Stability (light loads)bull Load Transient Responsebull Power Supply Rejection
CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
bull Capacitor‐less LDOs can be roughly divided into two main groups based on the number of active loops
bull Single Loop LDOs
Have at least three gain stages to increase the loop gain
bull Multiple Active Loop LDOs
Have two or more loops to enhance slew rate at the gate of the pass transistor
A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
Miller Compensation Architecture [Leung03]
Q‐Reduction Architecture [Lau07]
ωp1 ltlt ωp2 ωp3
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
POWER MANAGEMENT
bull Batteries discharge ldquoalmostrdquo linearly with time
bull Circuits with reduced power supply that are time dependent operate poorly Optimal circuit performance can not be obtained
bull Objective of a power converter is to provide a regulated output voltage
COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
bull Low drop‐out linear regulator (LDO)bull Switch‐inductor regulator (switching regulators)bull Switch‐capacitor regulator (charge pump)
TYPES
bull Different applicationsbull Desired efficiency and output ripple
LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
The LDO act as a variable resistor that is placed between input power source and the load in order to drop and control the voltage applied to the load
bull Compared to DC‐DC switching regulators LDOs are
ndash Of continuous operation
ndash Easier to use
ndash Cheaper solution
ndash But of Lower efficiency
ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
bull Pass transistor
1048782 load current will determine its size and thus layout
bull Error amplifier
1048782 The accuracy required by the LDO determines the magnitude of the open loop gain
1048782 Single pole architectures are recommended for better and easier stability
1048782 The amp transient requirement is dependent on the stability ie gain and phase margins There is a trade‐off in making the PM high and speed of amp This is also true for the Gain
1048782 Should have high PSRR
ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
bull Bandgap voltage reference
1048782 Should have high PSR
bull Stability and speed of the feedback loop
1048782 Should be assured under all load conditions
bull Choice of the capacitors and feedback resistors (Rf1 and Rf2)
1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE
CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
MOTIVATION
Problem
ndash Supply ripples affect AnalogRF blocks
ndash Switching converter ripple frequencies are increasing
bull Solution LDO with good PSR at higher operating frequencies
bull Challenges Low drop‐out voltage low quiescent current small
area high PSR across a wide frequency range
PSR DEGRADTION
PSR degrades at higher frequencies due tobull Finite GBW of feed‐forward amplifier (cancellation path)bull Finite closed loop bandwidthbull Finite self inductance (ESL) of off‐chip capacitor
PROPOSED ARCHITECTUREFEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC) LDO
bull Main Ideandash Cancellation path replicates the ripples at gate of pass transistorndash Gate‐source overdrive voltage is free of ripple
2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Conventional LDOs are typically implemented with at least one feedback loop which is stabilized using a huge external capacitor
LDOs is focused on removing this external capacitor while maintaining stability good transient response and high power supply rejection performance
Dominant pole
Conventional LDO Capacitor-Less LDO
Dominant pole
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
bull Stability (light loads)bull Load Transient Responsebull Power Supply Rejection
CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
bull Capacitor‐less LDOs can be roughly divided into two main groups based on the number of active loops
bull Single Loop LDOs
Have at least three gain stages to increase the loop gain
bull Multiple Active Loop LDOs
Have two or more loops to enhance slew rate at the gate of the pass transistor
A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
Miller Compensation Architecture [Leung03]
Q‐Reduction Architecture [Lau07]
ωp1 ltlt ωp2 ωp3
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
bull Low drop‐out linear regulator (LDO)bull Switch‐inductor regulator (switching regulators)bull Switch‐capacitor regulator (charge pump)
TYPES
bull Different applicationsbull Desired efficiency and output ripple
LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
The LDO act as a variable resistor that is placed between input power source and the load in order to drop and control the voltage applied to the load
bull Compared to DC‐DC switching regulators LDOs are
ndash Of continuous operation
ndash Easier to use
ndash Cheaper solution
ndash But of Lower efficiency
ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
bull Pass transistor
1048782 load current will determine its size and thus layout
bull Error amplifier
1048782 The accuracy required by the LDO determines the magnitude of the open loop gain
1048782 Single pole architectures are recommended for better and easier stability
1048782 The amp transient requirement is dependent on the stability ie gain and phase margins There is a trade‐off in making the PM high and speed of amp This is also true for the Gain
1048782 Should have high PSRR
ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
bull Bandgap voltage reference
1048782 Should have high PSR
bull Stability and speed of the feedback loop
1048782 Should be assured under all load conditions
bull Choice of the capacitors and feedback resistors (Rf1 and Rf2)
1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE
CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
MOTIVATION
Problem
ndash Supply ripples affect AnalogRF blocks
ndash Switching converter ripple frequencies are increasing
bull Solution LDO with good PSR at higher operating frequencies
bull Challenges Low drop‐out voltage low quiescent current small
area high PSR across a wide frequency range
PSR DEGRADTION
PSR degrades at higher frequencies due tobull Finite GBW of feed‐forward amplifier (cancellation path)bull Finite closed loop bandwidthbull Finite self inductance (ESL) of off‐chip capacitor
PROPOSED ARCHITECTUREFEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC) LDO
bull Main Ideandash Cancellation path replicates the ripples at gate of pass transistorndash Gate‐source overdrive voltage is free of ripple
2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Conventional LDOs are typically implemented with at least one feedback loop which is stabilized using a huge external capacitor
LDOs is focused on removing this external capacitor while maintaining stability good transient response and high power supply rejection performance
Dominant pole
Conventional LDO Capacitor-Less LDO
Dominant pole
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
bull Stability (light loads)bull Load Transient Responsebull Power Supply Rejection
CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
bull Capacitor‐less LDOs can be roughly divided into two main groups based on the number of active loops
bull Single Loop LDOs
Have at least three gain stages to increase the loop gain
bull Multiple Active Loop LDOs
Have two or more loops to enhance slew rate at the gate of the pass transistor
A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
Miller Compensation Architecture [Leung03]
Q‐Reduction Architecture [Lau07]
ωp1 ltlt ωp2 ωp3
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
The LDO act as a variable resistor that is placed between input power source and the load in order to drop and control the voltage applied to the load
bull Compared to DC‐DC switching regulators LDOs are
ndash Of continuous operation
ndash Easier to use
ndash Cheaper solution
ndash But of Lower efficiency
ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
bull Pass transistor
1048782 load current will determine its size and thus layout
bull Error amplifier
1048782 The accuracy required by the LDO determines the magnitude of the open loop gain
1048782 Single pole architectures are recommended for better and easier stability
1048782 The amp transient requirement is dependent on the stability ie gain and phase margins There is a trade‐off in making the PM high and speed of amp This is also true for the Gain
1048782 Should have high PSRR
ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
bull Bandgap voltage reference
1048782 Should have high PSR
bull Stability and speed of the feedback loop
1048782 Should be assured under all load conditions
bull Choice of the capacitors and feedback resistors (Rf1 and Rf2)
1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE
CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
MOTIVATION
Problem
ndash Supply ripples affect AnalogRF blocks
ndash Switching converter ripple frequencies are increasing
bull Solution LDO with good PSR at higher operating frequencies
bull Challenges Low drop‐out voltage low quiescent current small
area high PSR across a wide frequency range
PSR DEGRADTION
PSR degrades at higher frequencies due tobull Finite GBW of feed‐forward amplifier (cancellation path)bull Finite closed loop bandwidthbull Finite self inductance (ESL) of off‐chip capacitor
PROPOSED ARCHITECTUREFEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC) LDO
bull Main Ideandash Cancellation path replicates the ripples at gate of pass transistorndash Gate‐source overdrive voltage is free of ripple
2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Conventional LDOs are typically implemented with at least one feedback loop which is stabilized using a huge external capacitor
LDOs is focused on removing this external capacitor while maintaining stability good transient response and high power supply rejection performance
Dominant pole
Conventional LDO Capacitor-Less LDO
Dominant pole
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
bull Stability (light loads)bull Load Transient Responsebull Power Supply Rejection
CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
bull Capacitor‐less LDOs can be roughly divided into two main groups based on the number of active loops
bull Single Loop LDOs
Have at least three gain stages to increase the loop gain
bull Multiple Active Loop LDOs
Have two or more loops to enhance slew rate at the gate of the pass transistor
A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
Miller Compensation Architecture [Leung03]
Q‐Reduction Architecture [Lau07]
ωp1 ltlt ωp2 ωp3
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
The LDO act as a variable resistor that is placed between input power source and the load in order to drop and control the voltage applied to the load
bull Compared to DC‐DC switching regulators LDOs are
ndash Of continuous operation
ndash Easier to use
ndash Cheaper solution
ndash But of Lower efficiency
ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
bull Pass transistor
1048782 load current will determine its size and thus layout
bull Error amplifier
1048782 The accuracy required by the LDO determines the magnitude of the open loop gain
1048782 Single pole architectures are recommended for better and easier stability
1048782 The amp transient requirement is dependent on the stability ie gain and phase margins There is a trade‐off in making the PM high and speed of amp This is also true for the Gain
1048782 Should have high PSRR
ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
bull Bandgap voltage reference
1048782 Should have high PSR
bull Stability and speed of the feedback loop
1048782 Should be assured under all load conditions
bull Choice of the capacitors and feedback resistors (Rf1 and Rf2)
1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE
CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
MOTIVATION
Problem
ndash Supply ripples affect AnalogRF blocks
ndash Switching converter ripple frequencies are increasing
bull Solution LDO with good PSR at higher operating frequencies
bull Challenges Low drop‐out voltage low quiescent current small
area high PSR across a wide frequency range
PSR DEGRADTION
PSR degrades at higher frequencies due tobull Finite GBW of feed‐forward amplifier (cancellation path)bull Finite closed loop bandwidthbull Finite self inductance (ESL) of off‐chip capacitor
PROPOSED ARCHITECTUREFEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC) LDO
bull Main Ideandash Cancellation path replicates the ripples at gate of pass transistorndash Gate‐source overdrive voltage is free of ripple
2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Conventional LDOs are typically implemented with at least one feedback loop which is stabilized using a huge external capacitor
LDOs is focused on removing this external capacitor while maintaining stability good transient response and high power supply rejection performance
Dominant pole
Conventional LDO Capacitor-Less LDO
Dominant pole
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
bull Stability (light loads)bull Load Transient Responsebull Power Supply Rejection
CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
bull Capacitor‐less LDOs can be roughly divided into two main groups based on the number of active loops
bull Single Loop LDOs
Have at least three gain stages to increase the loop gain
bull Multiple Active Loop LDOs
Have two or more loops to enhance slew rate at the gate of the pass transistor
A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
Miller Compensation Architecture [Leung03]
Q‐Reduction Architecture [Lau07]
ωp1 ltlt ωp2 ωp3
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
bull Pass transistor
1048782 load current will determine its size and thus layout
bull Error amplifier
1048782 The accuracy required by the LDO determines the magnitude of the open loop gain
1048782 Single pole architectures are recommended for better and easier stability
1048782 The amp transient requirement is dependent on the stability ie gain and phase margins There is a trade‐off in making the PM high and speed of amp This is also true for the Gain
1048782 Should have high PSRR
ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
bull Bandgap voltage reference
1048782 Should have high PSR
bull Stability and speed of the feedback loop
1048782 Should be assured under all load conditions
bull Choice of the capacitors and feedback resistors (Rf1 and Rf2)
1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE
CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
MOTIVATION
Problem
ndash Supply ripples affect AnalogRF blocks
ndash Switching converter ripple frequencies are increasing
bull Solution LDO with good PSR at higher operating frequencies
bull Challenges Low drop‐out voltage low quiescent current small
area high PSR across a wide frequency range
PSR DEGRADTION
PSR degrades at higher frequencies due tobull Finite GBW of feed‐forward amplifier (cancellation path)bull Finite closed loop bandwidthbull Finite self inductance (ESL) of off‐chip capacitor
PROPOSED ARCHITECTUREFEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC) LDO
bull Main Ideandash Cancellation path replicates the ripples at gate of pass transistorndash Gate‐source overdrive voltage is free of ripple
2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Conventional LDOs are typically implemented with at least one feedback loop which is stabilized using a huge external capacitor
LDOs is focused on removing this external capacitor while maintaining stability good transient response and high power supply rejection performance
Dominant pole
Conventional LDO Capacitor-Less LDO
Dominant pole
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
bull Stability (light loads)bull Load Transient Responsebull Power Supply Rejection
CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
bull Capacitor‐less LDOs can be roughly divided into two main groups based on the number of active loops
bull Single Loop LDOs
Have at least three gain stages to increase the loop gain
bull Multiple Active Loop LDOs
Have two or more loops to enhance slew rate at the gate of the pass transistor
A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
Miller Compensation Architecture [Leung03]
Q‐Reduction Architecture [Lau07]
ωp1 ltlt ωp2 ωp3
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
bull Bandgap voltage reference
1048782 Should have high PSR
bull Stability and speed of the feedback loop
1048782 Should be assured under all load conditions
bull Choice of the capacitors and feedback resistors (Rf1 and Rf2)
1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE
CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
MOTIVATION
Problem
ndash Supply ripples affect AnalogRF blocks
ndash Switching converter ripple frequencies are increasing
bull Solution LDO with good PSR at higher operating frequencies
bull Challenges Low drop‐out voltage low quiescent current small
area high PSR across a wide frequency range
PSR DEGRADTION
PSR degrades at higher frequencies due tobull Finite GBW of feed‐forward amplifier (cancellation path)bull Finite closed loop bandwidthbull Finite self inductance (ESL) of off‐chip capacitor
PROPOSED ARCHITECTUREFEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC) LDO
bull Main Ideandash Cancellation path replicates the ripples at gate of pass transistorndash Gate‐source overdrive voltage is free of ripple
2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Conventional LDOs are typically implemented with at least one feedback loop which is stabilized using a huge external capacitor
LDOs is focused on removing this external capacitor while maintaining stability good transient response and high power supply rejection performance
Dominant pole
Conventional LDO Capacitor-Less LDO
Dominant pole
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
bull Stability (light loads)bull Load Transient Responsebull Power Supply Rejection
CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
bull Capacitor‐less LDOs can be roughly divided into two main groups based on the number of active loops
bull Single Loop LDOs
Have at least three gain stages to increase the loop gain
bull Multiple Active Loop LDOs
Have two or more loops to enhance slew rate at the gate of the pass transistor
A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
Miller Compensation Architecture [Leung03]
Q‐Reduction Architecture [Lau07]
ωp1 ltlt ωp2 ωp3
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE
CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
MOTIVATION
Problem
ndash Supply ripples affect AnalogRF blocks
ndash Switching converter ripple frequencies are increasing
bull Solution LDO with good PSR at higher operating frequencies
bull Challenges Low drop‐out voltage low quiescent current small
area high PSR across a wide frequency range
PSR DEGRADTION
PSR degrades at higher frequencies due tobull Finite GBW of feed‐forward amplifier (cancellation path)bull Finite closed loop bandwidthbull Finite self inductance (ESL) of off‐chip capacitor
PROPOSED ARCHITECTUREFEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC) LDO
bull Main Ideandash Cancellation path replicates the ripples at gate of pass transistorndash Gate‐source overdrive voltage is free of ripple
2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Conventional LDOs are typically implemented with at least one feedback loop which is stabilized using a huge external capacitor
LDOs is focused on removing this external capacitor while maintaining stability good transient response and high power supply rejection performance
Dominant pole
Conventional LDO Capacitor-Less LDO
Dominant pole
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
bull Stability (light loads)bull Load Transient Responsebull Power Supply Rejection
CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
bull Capacitor‐less LDOs can be roughly divided into two main groups based on the number of active loops
bull Single Loop LDOs
Have at least three gain stages to increase the loop gain
bull Multiple Active Loop LDOs
Have two or more loops to enhance slew rate at the gate of the pass transistor
A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
Miller Compensation Architecture [Leung03]
Q‐Reduction Architecture [Lau07]
ωp1 ltlt ωp2 ωp3
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
PSR DEGRADTION
PSR degrades at higher frequencies due tobull Finite GBW of feed‐forward amplifier (cancellation path)bull Finite closed loop bandwidthbull Finite self inductance (ESL) of off‐chip capacitor
PROPOSED ARCHITECTUREFEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC) LDO
bull Main Ideandash Cancellation path replicates the ripples at gate of pass transistorndash Gate‐source overdrive voltage is free of ripple
2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Conventional LDOs are typically implemented with at least one feedback loop which is stabilized using a huge external capacitor
LDOs is focused on removing this external capacitor while maintaining stability good transient response and high power supply rejection performance
Dominant pole
Conventional LDO Capacitor-Less LDO
Dominant pole
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
bull Stability (light loads)bull Load Transient Responsebull Power Supply Rejection
CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
bull Capacitor‐less LDOs can be roughly divided into two main groups based on the number of active loops
bull Single Loop LDOs
Have at least three gain stages to increase the loop gain
bull Multiple Active Loop LDOs
Have two or more loops to enhance slew rate at the gate of the pass transistor
A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
Miller Compensation Architecture [Leung03]
Q‐Reduction Architecture [Lau07]
ωp1 ltlt ωp2 ωp3
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
PROPOSED ARCHITECTUREFEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC) LDO
bull Main Ideandash Cancellation path replicates the ripples at gate of pass transistorndash Gate‐source overdrive voltage is free of ripple
2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Conventional LDOs are typically implemented with at least one feedback loop which is stabilized using a huge external capacitor
LDOs is focused on removing this external capacitor while maintaining stability good transient response and high power supply rejection performance
Dominant pole
Conventional LDO Capacitor-Less LDO
Dominant pole
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
bull Stability (light loads)bull Load Transient Responsebull Power Supply Rejection
CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
bull Capacitor‐less LDOs can be roughly divided into two main groups based on the number of active loops
bull Single Loop LDOs
Have at least three gain stages to increase the loop gain
bull Multiple Active Loop LDOs
Have two or more loops to enhance slew rate at the gate of the pass transistor
A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
Miller Compensation Architecture [Leung03]
Q‐Reduction Architecture [Lau07]
ωp1 ltlt ωp2 ωp3
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Conventional LDOs are typically implemented with at least one feedback loop which is stabilized using a huge external capacitor
LDOs is focused on removing this external capacitor while maintaining stability good transient response and high power supply rejection performance
Dominant pole
Conventional LDO Capacitor-Less LDO
Dominant pole
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
bull Stability (light loads)bull Load Transient Responsebull Power Supply Rejection
CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
bull Capacitor‐less LDOs can be roughly divided into two main groups based on the number of active loops
bull Single Loop LDOs
Have at least three gain stages to increase the loop gain
bull Multiple Active Loop LDOs
Have two or more loops to enhance slew rate at the gate of the pass transistor
A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
Miller Compensation Architecture [Leung03]
Q‐Reduction Architecture [Lau07]
ωp1 ltlt ωp2 ωp3
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
bull Stability (light loads)bull Load Transient Responsebull Power Supply Rejection
CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
bull Capacitor‐less LDOs can be roughly divided into two main groups based on the number of active loops
bull Single Loop LDOs
Have at least three gain stages to increase the loop gain
bull Multiple Active Loop LDOs
Have two or more loops to enhance slew rate at the gate of the pass transistor
A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
Miller Compensation Architecture [Leung03]
Q‐Reduction Architecture [Lau07]
ωp1 ltlt ωp2 ωp3
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
bull Capacitor‐less LDOs can be roughly divided into two main groups based on the number of active loops
bull Single Loop LDOs
Have at least three gain stages to increase the loop gain
bull Multiple Active Loop LDOs
Have two or more loops to enhance slew rate at the gate of the pass transistor
A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
Miller Compensation Architecture [Leung03]
Q‐Reduction Architecture [Lau07]
ωp1 ltlt ωp2 ωp3
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
Miller Compensation Architecture [Leung03]
Q‐Reduction Architecture [Lau07]
ωp1 ltlt ωp2 ωp3
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
1st Differentiator Architecture [Milliken07]
This topology enhances the load transient response by reducing the undershoots and overshoots
The on‐chip Miller Capacitor is reduced a lot because of the amplifier in the Differentiator path and thus saving area without sacrificing chip area
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
2nd Minimized‐Q amp Adaptive Zero Compensation (MQampAZC)[HC Yang08 ]This topology has the advantage of being stable at very light loads (50μA)and phase margin of 60deg maintained over entiire range
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
3rd Transimpedance LDO [JJ Chen07]This topology has the advantage of very fast response to load amp line transients
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
Vref 14 V
Vin 30 V
Vout 28 V
Pass Transistor Dimensions M=2000 W=18μm and L=06μm
GBW (open loop) 500 kHz
RF1 RF2 100KΩ100KΩ
Technology 05μm
All the previously discussed capacitor‐less LDO architectures have been designed using different technology processes or with different design specificationsbull As a result it is very difficult to compare thembull To fairly compare them the following common design specifications
are used
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
PSR results are for IL = 50mAValue extremely low to be measured
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
OTHER TECHNIQUES
bull Other Existing Techniques
ndash RC filtering
ndash Cascading LDOs
ndash Combined RC and cascading
ndash Increasing Loop Bandwidth
bull Drawbacks
ndash Large area consumption
ndash Large dropout voltage
ndash High power consumption
All these techniques do not provide sufficient PSR at frequencies up to required ripple frequencies
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
PROBLEM STATEMENT
ldquoDesign Of Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique And 90nm CMOS Technologyrdquo
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
On Literature Survey Basisbull Primary switching regulators
Converts high dc voltage to low dc voltage with gt90 conversion efficiency
Generate voltage ripples to minimize switching power loss
Provide good PSR to suppress noise
The drawback of these regulators are low power efficiency highly loaded circuitshigh power consumption depends upon load
Inorder to overcome these drawbacks Current Splitting Technique with OTA-EA and Low Iq is introduce which not only provide high efficiency and low load but also minimum area and low cost
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
To Design a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator Using Current
Splitting Technique and 90nm CMOS Technology to achieve
bull An input of 1 V and An output of 085ndash05 V
bull An Error Amplifier Current Splitting Techniquebull Load Capacitor 1μFbull Quiscent Current upto 60 μAbull Minimum Area of 00041 mm Square
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
PARAMETRIC OBJECTIVE
bull Design essential operating conditions and prameters are
Technology (CMOS) 90 nm
VddVout (V) 1085 105
Load Capacitor CL (μF) 1
RESR (ohm) 1
Max IQ (μA) 60
Max IOUT (mA) 100
Current Efficiency () 9994
Load Regulation (mVmA) 028 024
Output Variation in (mA) (IOUT1 ndash IOUT2 in mA)
28(0-100)
24(0-100)
Response Time TR (μs) 028 024
PSR 100 kHz (dB) 481 gt50
Area (mm Square) 00041
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
TOOL USED
bull Cadence PSPICEbull Tanner 131
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Conceptual block diagram of proposed LDO regulator
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
PROGRESS
Literature survey CompletedSurvey Paper writing in Progress
Simulation of an Inverter Circuit Using Tanner V 130 Tool
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
PROPOSED WORK
In this architecture not only minimize area (As Per Base Paper)
but also compact layout and calculation of power dissipation
and delay of the circuit inorder to get an efficient and stable
regulation with better performance is proposed
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
CONCLUSION
bull LDO regulator using an EA for low IQ with high PSR of ~50
dB freq range 100kHz 28-mV max output variation for a 0 ndash
100 mA load transient and a 9994 current efficiency should
be achieved
bull The feasibility of LDO regulator should be verified using
Current Splitting Technique which is also helpful in compact
area of 00041 mm square
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
FUTURE SCOPE
bull Further this can be used as compact architechture for minimum area and low Iq current applications
bull Minimum noise and Delay make this architecture a better performer
bull This minimization not only increase system efficiency and stability but also reduce the overall cost of the system
bull It can be use as best alternative for adaptive filtering
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
REFRENCES
BASE PAPER Chung-Hsun Huang Member IEEE Ying-Ting Ma and Wei-Chen Liao ldquoDeaign of a Low ndash Voltage Low ndash Dropout Regulatorrdquo IEEE J TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS VOL 22 NO 6 JUNE 2014[1] Y-H Lee Y-Y Yang K-H Chen Y-H Lin S-J Wang K- L Zheng P-F Chen C-Y Hsieh Y-Z Ke Y-K Chen and
C-C Huang ldquoA DVS embedded system power management for high efficiency integrated SoC in UWB systemrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 45 no 11 pp 2227ndash2238 Nov
2010[2] M El-Nozahi A Amer J Torres K Entesari and E Sanchez-Sinencio ldquoHigh PSR low drop-out regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation techniquerdquo IEEE J Solid- State Circuits vol 45 no 3 pp 565ndash577 Mar 2010
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
REFRENCES[3] P Hazucha T Karnik B A Bloechel C Parsons D Finan
and S Borkar ldquoArea-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 40 no 4 pp 993ndash940 Apr 2005
[4] M Al-Shyoukh H Lee and R Perez ldquoA transient-enhanced low- quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer
impedance attenuationrdquo IEEE J Solid-State Circuits vol 42 no 8 pp 1732ndash1742 Aug 2007[5] Y-H Lam and W-H Ki ldquoA 09 V 035 μm adaptively biased CMOS LDO regulator with fast transient responserdquo in Proc IEEE Int Solid- State Circuits Conf Feb 2008 pp 442ndash443 626[6] H-C Lin H-H Wu and T-Y Chang ldquoAn active- frequency
compensation scheme for CMOS low-dropout regulators with transient-response improvementrdquo IEEE Trans
Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 55 no 9 pp 853ndash857 Sep 2008
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-
[7] A Garimella M W Rashid and P M Furth ldquoReverse nested miller compensation using current Buffers in a three-stage
LDOrdquo IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Exp Briefs vol 57 no 4 pp 250ndash254 Apr 2010[8] C Chen J H Wu and Z X Wang ldquo150 mA LDO with self
adjusting frequency compensation schemerdquo Electron Lett vol 47 no 13 pp 767ndash768 Jun 2011
[9] J Hu B Hu Y Fan and M Ismail ldquoA 500 nA quiescent 100 mA maximum load CMOS low-dropout regulatorrdquo in Proc IEEE Int Conf Electron Circuits Syst Dec 2011 pp 386ndash389
[10] C Zhan and W-H Ki ldquoAn adaptively biased low-dropout regulator with transient enhancementrdquo in Proc Asia South Pacific Design Autom Conf 2011 pp 117ndash118[11] Edgar Saacutenchez-Sinencio ldquoLow Drop-Out (LDO) Linear Regulators Design Considerations and Trends for High Power Supply Rejection (PSR)rdquo IEEE Santa Clara Valley (SCV) Solid State Circuits Society February 2011
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- POWER MANAGEMENT
- COVENTIONAL POWER CONVERTERS
- LINEAR REGULATOR BASIC IDEA
- LOW VOLTAGE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN
- ISSUES OF CONCERN WITH LDO DESIGN (CONTrsquoD)
- 1st HIGH PSR USING FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE
- PSR DEGRADTION
- PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FEED FORWARD RIPPLE CANCELLATION (FFRC)
- 2nd CAPACITOR LESS LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN CAPACITOR LESS LDO
- CAPACITOR LESS LDO TOPOLOGIES
- A SINGLE LOOP LDO ARCHITECTURE
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod)
- MULTI LOOP ARCHITECTURES (contrsquod) (2)
- COMMON DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS WITH COMPARATIVE STUDIES
- PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ON COMPARISION BASIS
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- WHY CURRENT SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- PROGRESS
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
-