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CDR Ron Swart, USN RetMining Systems

NSWC-PCD A10SPMS-495

This Brief is UNCLASIFIED

Developments in Mining

MINWARA Spring Conference, May 2011

PresenterPresentation NotesIn this photo: qualifying Quickstrike Mk 62 and Mk 63 on F/A-18 E/F Super Hornet, March 2011

GOOD MORNING THANK YOU TO THE MINE WARFARE ASSOCIATION FOR THE INVITATION TO SPEAK TO YOU TODAY (PICTURE)

EXTENDING MY MILITARY CAREER INTO WORK HERE AT NSWC PCD HAS ALLOWED ME TO GAIN SOME PERSPECTIVE ON THE CYCLIC AND OFTEN FRUSTRATING REALITY OF OUR MINING PROGRAM OVER THE PAST 40 YEARS (WELL ILLUSTRATED BY THE NEXT SLIDE)

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Overview

A Vision Current Picture Current Efforts The Road Ahead

PresenterPresentation NotesTHIS MORNING, I WILL PROVIDE A HIGH-LEVEL OVERVIEW OF WHERE WE ARE TODAY, WHERE WE WANT TO GO AND WHAT WE ARE WORKING ON. GEN HANIFEN HAS OUTLINED A STRATIGIC VISION FOR FUTURE CAPABILITIES THAT MUST START WITH DOING THE MOST WE CAN WITH THE SYSTEMS WE HAVE TODAY. OUR CONSTRAINED BUDGET IS DRIVING US TO EXAMINE THE CHALLENGES WE FACE IN NEW WAYS. AFTER YEARS OF LOW FUNDING AND EVEN LOWER INTEREST, MINES AND MINING HAVE GAINED RENEWED INTEREST AS A WARFARE CAPABILITY. AND, THERE IS STRONG INTEREST IN ADVANCING TECHNOLOGIES THAT OVERCOME TRADITIONAL DRAWBACKS AND LIMITATIONS.

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Vision for A2/AD - AUWS

Encapsulated Weapons

Unmanned Vehicles

Long-range Weapons

Expendable Target Detection Devices

Advanced, smart mobile mines appears particularly attractive, given the difficulty and time-consuming nature of countermine operations ASB Concept

PresenterPresentation Notes 2010 Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments

IT IS IMPORTANT TO BEGIN WITH THE END IN MIND. WHILE THE BASIC MISSION OF NAVAL MINING REMAINS AT THE CORE (SUCH AS ANTI-ACCESS, AREA DENIAL, BLOCKAID, FORCE MULTIPLICATION), THE MATURATION OF ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES IN REMOTE COMMAND AND CONTROL, CLANDESTINE PLACEMENT AND EXTRACTION, TARGET DISCRIMINATION, WIDE AREA WEAPON COVERAGE EXPAND THE BASIC MINING MISSION BEYOND TRADITIONAL APPLICATIONS AND WE START TO BUMP INTO TRADITIONAL ASW AND SUW SWIMLANES. THIS HAS CREATED SOME TENSION, BUT IS STARTING TO GAIN RECOGNITION FOR THE UNIQUE PERSPECTIVE THAT THE MINING BRINGS TO THE FIGHT. THIS DIALOG IS BEGINNING TO EXAMINE A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO USE MINES IN SUPPORT OF ASW AND SUW ROLES, TO EXPAND AND EXTEND OUR REACH INTO CONTESTED LITTORAL REGIONS WHERE OUR PLATFORM-BASED OPERATIONS ARE RISKY AND DIFFICULT. OUR FUTURE LOOKS TO ADVANCES IN MOBILITY, DISTRIBUTED SENSORS AND COMMUNICATION PATHS TO CREATE THE REQUIRED EFFECTS. WE SEE AN ADVANCED UNDERSEA WEAPON SYSTEM AS AN ON-DEMAND MARITIME SENSOR AND WEAPON BARRIER WITH THE FLEXIBILITY TO PROVIDE STRATIGIC, OPERATIONAL AND EVEN TACTICAL CONVENTIONAL DETERRENCE.

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Phase 0Shape

Phase 1Deter

Phase 2Seize

Phase 3Dominate

Plan Phase 4 Stabilize

AUWS in All Operational Phases

Determine: Mission Objectives Environment Delivery Platform UV Payload

Configuration

Clandestinely Deliver Expendable Sensors

Collect Target Data Report Contacts

Clandestinely Position Weapons (unarmed)

Option to disclose capability (command detonation)

Remotely Arm the Weapons

Enable Autonomous Engagements

Report Weapons Status and Battle Damage

Evaluate & Re-Seed as needed

Extract Un-Expended Weapons

Verify Area is Clear

5

PresenterPresentation NotesWE ENVISION A SCALABLE SYSTEM THAT CAN CONTRIBUTE ACROSS ALL PHASES FROM AN ALERT PEACE TO HOSTILITIES WITH THE ABILITY TO EXTRACT AT ANY TIME UPON COMMAND

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Value of AUWS

SHALLOW INTERMEDIATE DEEP SHALLOW INTERMEDIATE DEEP

Traditional Mining(strategic, autonomous)

Deliver Arm / EngageDecide

Days Days - Months

Sterilize/Destruct

Months

Clear

Transformational AUWS(tactical, controlled)

Deliver ArmDecide Engage

Days Minutes+

Destruct/DisArm

HoursHours

Extract

Minutes+

Quickstrike SLMM (through FY12)

400 Traditional Mines 1 Transformational Mine

Distributed Sensors

Minutes+

LD-UUV w/ CRAWs UAV, USV, UUV, UGV

DECIDE

PresenterPresentation NotesYOU MAY REMEMBER THIS SLIDE FROM GEN HANIFENS BRIEF TUESDAY HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF HOW AUWS WILL DIFFER FROM OUR CURRENT MINE STOCKPILE BY OVERCOMING CHALLENGES IN DELIVERY, MOBILITY, COMMAND, CONTROL & COMMUNICATIONS, THAT OFFER OPERATIONAL AND TACTICAL FLEXIBILITY. CURRENT MINES REQUIRE YOU TO MAKE ALL THE DECISIONS UP FRONT AND THEN YOU LIVE WITH THEM AND HOPE YOU GUESSED RIGHT. COMMUNICATIONS ALLOW YOU OPPORTUNITIES TO MAKE DETERMINATIONS AT VARIOUS TIMES ALONG THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE BARRIER OR FIELD.

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Autonomy vs. Control

Autonomy improves Performance; Control improves Utility

Latency Comms Link Human in Loop Mission Changes

Responsive Detect-to-engage

Autonomy

Tactical Control

Remotely Controlled

Autonomous

Probability of Defeating

Target

Probability of Discriminating

Target

Operator to tactically decide

Level of Autonomy based on

desired utility

Control

Auto

PresenterPresentation NotesONCE, SET, MINES HAVE BEEN OPERATING ATONOMY FOR THE MOST PART SINCE THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR MUCH TO THE DISCOMFORT OF THE MILITARY AND CIVILIANS ALIKE. AS TECHNOLOGY HAS IMPROVED, MINES HAVE BECOME MUCH BETTER AT AUTONOMOUS DETECTION AND ENGAGEMENT. THIS ALLOWS THE MINEFIELD TO BE VERY TIMELY AND RESPONSIVE TO TRANSITORS, BUT SOMETIMES YOU NEED POSITIVE CONTROL. WHILE MAN-IN-THE-LOOP OFTEN INTRODUCES RESPONSE LATENCY, POSITIVE CONTROL HAS MANY BENEFITS, ESPECIALLY WHERE YOU HAVE AN EVOLVING SITUATION. WE FEEL THAT ADVANCED SYSTEMS NEED TO BE ABLE TO OPERATE IN BOTH MODES.

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QUICKSTRIKE Family of Mines- Today -

MK 65

MK 62

MK 63

2009

2016

2016

Air-laid bottom influence

PresenterPresentation NotesOUR CURRENT STOCKPILE CONSISTS OF THE QUICKSTRIKE FAMILY OF MINES AIR LAID BOTTOM MINE, (EXPLODE-IN-PLACE) WITH MULTIPLE SENSING INFLUENCES . DELIVERY COULD BE DIFFICULT IN TERMS OF RISK TO THE PLATFORM AND SORTIE REQUIREMENTS.

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Submarine Launched Mobile Mine Mk 67

Deployed 1985 Clandestine capable Sub laid - SSN 688 Class (20) Bottom Mine Influence: Magnetic/Seismic Based on MK 37 Torpedo

developmental testing 1955 Complex mechanism/outdated technology

Warhead 515 Lb (PBXN-103) DEMIL Start FY10 end FY12

PresenterPresentation NotesOUR ONLY CLANDESTINE STAND-OFF MINE WILL EXIT SERVICE BEFORE THE END OF 2012. WHILE WE HAVE OFFERED SEVERAL NEAR-TERM UPGRADES THAT COULD PROVIDE A CONTINGENCY CAPABILITY UNTIL A LONG-TERM REPLACEMENT IS FIELDED, NONE HAVE BEEN FUNDED. SO, WHATS COOKING?

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QS MINE MK 65 MOD 0 UTB CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS

PresenterPresentation NotesNEAR TERM ASW STRIKE CONTINGENCY NOW IN DEVELOPMENT

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Operational View - RC2 Mobile Gateway

R&I pattern

PresenterPresentation NotesREMOTE CONTROL OF OUR MINES USING A UUV AS THE MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS PATH JUNE 2011 FLEX DEMO

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Air Standoff OptionsAerial Stand-off Range Extension

Several Commercial Wing Kits Increased Glide Ratio Multiple Systems in Development

PresenterPresentation NotesIN THE NEAR TERM WE CAN LESSEN THE RISK ASSOCIATED WITH AERIAL DELIVERY WITH STAND-OFF SYSTEMS THAT KEEP OUR AIRCRAFT OUT OF THE LETHAL FIRE ENVELOPE SEVERAL INDUSTRY OPTIONS ARE NEARING MATURITY

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LDUUV Options Use existing systems to provide a rapid response, demonstration test bed

for LDUUV development

What is it? Long Duration Large Diameter Littoral UUV is adaptation of existing MK 8 Mod 1 SDV design.

Why L2D2 ? Realistically doable, reasonable cost, needed, contingency capability for Naval and Joint Forces. 1 year from design to in-water demo; significant potential for mission capability

SDV Mk8 Mod1: Fielded, Supported, & Cost Effective Reliable Ample Room for Payloads

Provides configurable test bed for payload concept experimentation and integration

PresenterPresentation NotesTHIS IS A PROPOSAL TO ADAPT THE EXISTING MK 8 MOD 1 TO A TEST BED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MISSION PACKAGES AND COMPONENTS THAT WILL BE NEEDED FOR FUTURE LARGE DIAMETER UNMANNED UNDERSEA SYSTEMS, INCLUDING AUWS CONCEPTS LIKE DISTRIBUTED SENSOR AND WEAPON LOADS

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LD-UUV AUWS Payload Options

Stationary Mine

Stationary MineMobile Mine

Sensor

SensorModule

FY10 Concept

REMUSdata mule

ArcherFishNeutralizer

PresenterPresentation NotesHERE ARE SEVERAL AUWS MISSION PACKAGES BEING CONSIDERED. UNTIL THE REQUIRED ENERGY-DENSITY AND DURATION IS AVAILABLE, A DIESEL ENGINE COULD PROVIDE THE PROPULSION OVER LONG DISTANCES UNTIL A STEALTHY ACOUSTIC SIGNATURE BECOMES NECESSARY.

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Weapon Options

21 Dia

19 Dia

12 Dia

7 Dia

6 Dia

4 Dia

MK 48

SLMM

Mk 54

REMUS

CRAW

ArcherFish

PresenterPresentation NotesTHE WEAPON LOAD WITH EXCELLENT MILITARY UTILITY IS ONE WITH AN EXTENDED STAND-OFF RANGE = TORPEDO OR OTHER MOBILE WARHEAD CONCEPTS. WIDE AREA COVERAGE DECREASES THE NUMBERS OF ENGAGEMENT SYSTEMS THAT NEED TO BE EMPLACED THEREBY MINIMIZING THE IMPACT FOR DELIVERY PLATFORM CAPACITY. FOR EXAMPLE, A 4-PACK OF THE 6 COMPACT RAPID ATTACK TORPEDO COULD BE FIRED IN VOLLEY OR ONE-AT A TIME TO SUSTAIN THE STRENGTH OF THE BARRIER.

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Sensor Options

ONR PLUS INP SOF

PresenterPresentation NotesSENSOR DEVELOPMENT AND REFINEMENT OF EVERY TYPE IS GOING ON AT EVERY WARFARE CENTER. THESE ARE ONLY A VERY FEW EXAMPLES. STATIONARY MINES CLOSELY MATCH THEIR SENSORS TO THE EXPLOSIVE EFFECTS OF THE MINE, BUT WIDE-AREA ENGAGEMENT WEAPONS CAN LEVERAGE A WIDE VARIETY DISTRIBUTED SENSORS, INCLUDING, PERHAPS THOSE PLACED IN PRE-HOSTILITY PHASES.

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Communications Gateway Options

PresenterPresentation NotesCOMMAND AND CONTROL OF OUR MINEFIELDS AND FUTURE ADVANCED SENSORS AND WEAPONS IS A KEY MILITARY AND POLITICAL ATTRIBUTE. LIKE SENSORS, THERE IS A LOT OF WORK GOING ON IN THIS AREA. WE HAVE WORKED CLOSELY WITH INDUSTRY AND SPAWAR ON DEMONSTRATING ACOUSTIC COMMS LINKS THAT ARE PERSISTANT AND RELIABLE.

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Current Studies and Analysis

GAMET Modeling Tool NSWC PCD N00X Asymmetric ASW Study (Deep Water Mining) OPNAV N87

Coastal Attack call for Proposals Asymmetric Payload call for concepts

JCTD - OSD/SPECWAR: Maritime Predator ONR - FY-14 T&E Requirements Mine Analysis of Alternatives - OPNAV Mining Deep Dive - DoD RDA Task Force

6/9/2011 MIW Functional Framework NMAWC18

PresenterPresentation NotesEverybodys talking

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Summary

Lets extend our dominance into their littoral OPAREA Integrate the mine mission into the ASW and SUW

construct for a true USW capability at the right place, and the right time

Lets keep them up at night worrying about our mines.

19

PresenterPresentation NotesLet me leave you with these thoughts

Slide Number 1Slide Number 2OverviewSlide Number 4AUWS in All Operational PhasesValue of AUWSAutonomy vs. ControlQUICKSTRIKE Family of Mines- Today -Slide Number 9QS MINE MK 65 MOD 0 UTB CONCEPT OF OPERATIONSOperational View - RC2 Mobile GatewayAir Standoff Options LDUUV OptionsLD-UUV AUWS Payload Options Weapon OptionsSensor OptionsCommunications Gateway OptionsCurrent Studies and AnalysisSummary