CHAPTER 12 DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT

Review of “Vocational Psychology, The Study of Behavior and Development”

JOHN O. CRITES

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Meaning Vocational adjustment provides a formal training program which is designed to increase a consumer’s inter personal skills related to basic traits and attitudes which will lead to successful employment

Purpose Reviewing and summarizing the relevant research on the developmental aspects of vocational adjustment

Topic of discussions Developmental stages in vocational

adjustment Career patterns and vocational adjustment Developmental trends in vocational success Developmental trends in vocational

satisfaction

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT Super (1957)

• estabilshment• maintence• decline stages

Divides the stages into three

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT Miller and Form, (1951; 1964)

• trial• stable• retirement periods

Divides the stages into three

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT Havighurst , (1964)

• becoming • maintaining• contemplating stages

Divides the stages into three

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT Dykman, Heiman, Kerr, (1952)

• an early personal worry cluster• a vocational success worry cluster in the thirties• a mind-life stress worry cluster • a declining years worry cluster

Found four stages

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT Kuhlen and johnson (1952)

Reported definite age trends in the goals of single and married women, so to married man teachers.

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT Saleh (1964), Saleh and Otis (1963)

Reported about motivation as greater sources of satisfaction in the middle years of vocational adjustment (ages 30 to 50) and hygienes in the later years.

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT Friedmann and Havighurst (1954)

Reported, compared the meaning of work and retirement among steelworkers, coal miners, retail sales persons, skilled craftsmen, physicians.

CAREER PATERNS AND VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT Definition

Davidson, P.E and Anderson (1937). Defined a worker’s career pattern as “the number of occupations followed and duration of each”Miller, D.C., and from (1947), defined career patterns along two dimensions the abscissa representing the time spent in a job, and the ordinate denoting is socio-economic level.Super (1954), analyzed the career pattern by what the calls the “thematic-extrapolative”

CAREER PATERNS AND VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT Classification of Career Pattern

Nosow and form (1953) have been classified the career pattern into : 1. Orderly movement from one occupational

level2. One among unskilled workers3. A series of job moves which are not

closely related but wich do form a coherent pattern.

4. Wherein occupations themselves change a period of time

CAREER PATERNS AND VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT Classification of Career Pattern

Miller, D.C., and Form (1947). Identified six different types of career patterns, then have further categorized into secure and insecure career patterns. (table 2),

CAREER PATERNS AND VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT Classification of Career Pattern

Super (1957) has purposed a revision of Miller and Form’s six fold. The categorized four types of career patterns : 1. Stable2. conventional3. Unstable4. Multiple trial

CAREER PATERNS AND VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT Classification of Career Pattern

Super (1957) also devised a classification of women’s career patterns :1. Stable home making2. Conventional3. Stable track4. Interrupted5. Unstable6. Multiple trial

CAREER PATERNS AND VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT Studies of Career Pattern

Super (1957) also devised a classification of women’s career patterns :1. A classic study2. A recent study3. Other study

DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS IN VOCATIONAL SUCCES A classic studies

Age and Achievement (Lehman, 1953), is a book that reports a mass of data on developmental trends in vocational success. Classified according to the following topics1. Age and achievement in specific fields of

endeavor, including science, medicine, philosophy, music, art, and literature

2. The quality versus quantity of productivity3. The range of the creative years4. The interrelationships of past, present and future

achievement

DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS IN VOCATIONAL SUCCES A classic studies

The overview of them can be gained by figure I

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75

Precent

Chronological ages

DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS IN VOCATIONAL SUCCES A recent studies

To measure “creative achievement” Bromley (1956) used a modified version of the shaw test (Howson, 1948), which consist of four wooden blocks that can be arranged in is different series, according to height, weight, position of notch, etc

DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS IN VOCATIONAL SUCCES Other studies

1. A host of studies2. The employability, availability, and promotability3. Of three studies which have reported data on

ratings of success in relation to age4. Three have been at least three comparison of the

characteristics of older and younger workers

DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS IN VOCATIONAL SATISFACTION

The satisfaction cycle, it can be seen at table 3

Age Satisfied Dissatisfied Total

20-24 28 71.89% 11 28.20% 39

25-34 49 48.04 53 51.96 102

35-44 50 74.63 17 25.37 67

45-54 28 65.12 15 34.88 43

55-64 15 88.21 2 11.79 17

65 up 4 80.00 1 20.00 5

Total 174 99 237

DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS IN VOCATIONAL SATISFACTION

Then the relationship of vocational satisfaction (morale) to age can be seen at figure 2.

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Under 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59