development, survival and reproduction of … illucens biology • it was believed h. illucens will...
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Effects of temperature transfers on development, survival and
reproduction of Hermetia illucens(Linnaeus) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
Ana Clariza Samayoa , Darren Kriticos and Shaw-Yhi Hwang
Organic waste is a huge problem in many countries
3,262
34 million Tonnes of municipal solid waste per year was produced in Canada (2008) (Statistics Canada, 2012)
1.3 billion Tonnes of food are wasted per year (FAO 2011).
Food Waste
http://www.ricesolutionslimited.com/food-waste.html
Gas emissions, and pollution like Methane
Food Waste Treatment
5Dr. Harvey Houng Department of Waste Management, Taiwan EPA T Stuart, 2009
Composting sites located around Taiwan
6Dr. Harvey Houng Department of Waste Management, Taiwan EPA
Conversion of organic material by insects
Ornidia obesa
Hermetia illucens
Musca domestica
Why Hermetia illucens• Is capable of degrading large amounts of organic
matter• Has been used in the reduction of considerable
quantities of solid waste • Because its utilization in the production of
biodiesel, animal feed, and fertilizer
Pupa
Larva PrepupaAdult
Hermetia illucens biology• It was believed H. illucens will lay only one eggs
mass• Diapause haven’t been properly addressed and was
unknown till 2016.
Our purpose• Demonstrate the use of a novel technique for estimating
population temperature response parameters that can be use to model the growth potential of poikilotherms
• We use Hermetia illucens as a case study to estimate its potential as an organic waste treatment
Why use Hermetia illucens and temperature transfers
• H. illucens requires specific light intensity and adequate space for mating and oviposition
• Using constants temperatures is not an appropriate method to study H. illucens
3:1 combination of wheat bran, chicken feed and water
1.5 g of Sobic Acid1.75 of Methyl-p-hydroxbenzoateDiluted in 40 ml of 70% of alcohol 5ml of the solution was added to 100g of artificial diet + 250 ml of water
Materials and methods
Newly-laid egg masses of H. illucens was exposed at 28 ° C
were then transferred into treatment temperatures (10, 19, 28, 34, and 40 °C) for five days
100 Eight day old larvae (from eggs)
After exposure, larva, prepupa, and pupa were maintained at 28 ° C with a photoperiod of 12:12(L:D)
Back to 28 °C (totally 13 days old)
Survival and fecundity were recorded daily for each individual until the death of the entire cohort (at 28 ° C )
Pupa
Larva PrepupaAdult
were then transferred into treatment temperatures (10, 19, 28, 34, and 40 °C) for five days
Newly-laid egg masses of H. illucens was exposed at 28 ° C
Back to 28 °C (totally 13 days old)
100 Eight day old larvae (from eggs)
Each surviving adult was marked with its respective number, glued to the thorax with nail polish, and then released into a 1- by 1- by 1-m cage in a 28 °C greenhouse.
H. illucens fecundity
H. illucens fecundity
Cups filled with decomposing kitchen scraps were used as an attractant for oviposition
Data were collected and analyzed based on an age-stage, two-sex life table
Population parameters of H. illucens reared on artificial diet at 10, 19, 28, 34, and 40 °C estimated by the paired bootstrap test methodPopulation parameter 10
Mean ± SE
19
Mean ± SE
28
Mean ± SE
34
Mean ± SE
40
Mean ± SE
Intrinsic rate of increase
(r) (day-1)
0.040± 0.008 0.097± 0.004 0.085± 0.005 0.096± 0.006 0.079± 0.004
Finite rate of increase λ
(day-1)
1.041± 0.009 1.102± 0.005 1.088± 0.006 1.101± 0.007 1.082± 0.004
Net reproduction rate
(R0) (offspring)
18.06± 11.31
c
244.89 ± 40.279
a
213.88± 39.804
b
382.07 ± 51.434
a
342.9± 51.563
a
Mean generation time
(T) (day)
71.846± 6.886 56.541± 1.951 63.039± 3.498 61.434 ± 3.998 73.632± 3.545
Stage
10
Mean ± SE
19
Mean ± SE
28
Mean ± SE
34
Mean ± SE
40
Mean ± SE
Larvae 27.54 ± 1.67
a
20.42±0.294
b
15.74± 0.188
e
15.13±0.3
e
18.21±0.213
c
Prepupae 22.62 ± 4.56 40.96±4.201 53.64±5.909 60.6 ±4.487 66±5.255
Pupae 14.17 ± 1.12 12.32±0.299 12.32±0.252 11.37±0.293 14.97 ±0.327
Fecundity
(eggs/female)
- 499.78± 65.019 578.05±77.653 707.54±69.866 762 ±78.762
Stage-specific duration (days) of H. illucens reared in artificial diet at 10, 19, 28, 34, and 40 °C
Age-stage-specific survival rate (Sxj)of H. illucens larva after temperature transfers
Age-stage survival rate (Sxj) of H. illucens, diapaused and non diapaused individuals included
diapause diapausediapause
diapause diapause
Max. total longevity of male = 245 d
Age-specific survival rate (lx)individually reared, diapaused and non diapausedindividuals included
Temperature
(°C)
Male Female Total
10 10 2 12
19 42 49 91
28 40 37 77
34 40 54
40 produce offspring
7 lay eggs two times
94
40 41 45
34 produce offspring
7 lay eggs two times
86
At 10 °C only 2 individuals were females (n=12) and at 34°C 54 were females (n=94), some females were able to lay eggs two times during its adult life span
y=0.001302x + 0.02412R2=0.9744
18.53
Under construction
Up next…DYMEX model
• We demonstrated that only a five days exposure to different temperature will influence H. illucens life history
• Females are capable to lay eggs two times during its adult life span under favorable conditions.
Main findings
• The experimental method offers the rapid development of DYMEX models, and avoids many of the pitfalls of using constant temperature development rate studies.
• Additional research is needed to address the causes of diapause initiation and termination
• This study provides new information on oviposition of H. illucens exposed to different temperatures and demonstrates the effective use of temperature transfers in this insect.
• The results will be useful in improving current methods of H. illucens rearing under controlled conditions.
Conclusions
Special thanks!!
Dirty job
Thank you!
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