DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN MEDICINE UKRAINIAN MEDICINE AND AND FARMACY FARMACY IN XIII IN XIII

– XX CENTURY.– XX CENTURY.Development of pharmacy affair in

Ukraine in XVIII century.

On On March 20March 20, , 1773 the governor of Lv1773 the governor of Lviiv publishev publishedd out a health bill to put in an order the grant of out a health bill to put in an order the grant of medicinemedicine help and work of pharmacies. A patent help and work of pharmacies. A patent forbadeforbaded d physicians and chemists to carry out physicians and chemists to carry out professional duties without the presence of professional duties without the presence of university diplomas. Doctors lost rights to make university diplomas. Doctors lost rights to make medications for patients in cities, where medications for patients in cities, where pharmacies were. Once in a year a revision was pharmacies were. Once in a year a revision was conducted in every pharmacy. In the case of conducted in every pharmacy. In the case of exposure of violations fine was imposed on a owner exposure of violations fine was imposed on a owner

A patent obligated chemists to A patent obligated chemists to make medications only for make medications only for recipe, signed recipe, signed a a doctor and to doctor and to ratified a medical commission. ratified a medical commission. It was fIt was forbiddenorbiddeneded also to also to open in cities many open in cities many pharmacies in order to avoid a pharmacies in order to avoid a competition. The special competition. The special attention was spared attention was spared to the to the quality of the prepared quality of the prepared medications. In the first time, medications. In the first time, to get permission to open a to get permission to open a pharmacy, it was necessary to pharmacy, it was necessary to go for an exam, that a go for an exam, that a competent commission competent commission accepted accepted

At that time on Ukraine At that time on Ukraine the special pharmacy the special pharmacy establishments for establishments for preparation of preparation of pharmacist did not exist pharmacist did not exist and necessary shots and necessary shots prepared by individual prepared by individual studies in large studies in large pharmacies where was pharmacies where was from 4 to 6 students. from 4 to 6 students. Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical education consisted of education consisted of the 4stages: pharmacy the 4stages: pharmacy student, helper of student, helper of pharmacist, pharmacist pharmacist, pharmacist and chemist. Studies and chemist. Studies lasted from 6 to 10 lasted from 6 to 10 years. years.

In 1789 «Chemist Regulation» was developed, however the In 1789 «Chemist Regulation» was developed, however the were were no single word said about pharmacies, because in its no single word said about pharmacies, because in its drafting pharmacist did not take participation. This drafting pharmacist did not take participation. This document act| to document act| to the the beginningbeginning of of XIX XIX centurycentury. . OOn n December 23December 23, , 1836 new 1836 new ““RegulationRegulation”” was publishe was publishedd. . It It became a basic document which regulatebecame a basic document which regulated d work of work of pharmacies during XIX pharmacies during XIX centurycentury. In 1789 pharmacy «Rate» . In 1789 pharmacy «Rate» was printed the first time on existent medicines and the was printed the first time on existent medicines and the cost of preparation of medications is marked (taxa la cost of preparation of medications is marked (taxa la borum|). borum|). OOn January, 3 1808 a minister for internal affairs n January, 3 1808 a minister for internal affairs publishepublished d out a circular order whout a circular order whiich obliged the workers of ch obliged the workers of pharmacies to mark exact time of receipt of recipe, and on pharmacies to mark exact time of receipt of recipe, and on signature thesignature the exact time of making and delivery of exact time of making and delivery of medications. medications.

A pharmacy which was A pharmacy which was opened as early as 1775 opened as early as 1775 by by military pharmacist military pharmacist Natorp was saved in Natorp was saved in LvLviiv. In 1988 on the base v. In 1988 on the base of age-old pharmacy the of age-old pharmacy the museum of museum of farmacy was farmacy was opened. Itopened. It is placed in is placed in the age-old quarter of the age-old quarter of LvLviiv (v (squaresquare Market). Market).

Pharmacies Pharmacies were were differed differed with with purpose purpose and organizational and organizational structure. There were structure. There were royal, public, circuitous, royal, public, circuitous, military, home, military, home, homoeopathic homoeopathic pharmacies and pharmacies and “drogerii”“drogerii” - so named - so named pharmacy shops or pharmacy shops or shops of sanitation and shops of sanitation and hygiene. hygiene.

Pharmacy apartments Pharmacy apartments consisted of trading floor, consisted of trading floor, laboratory, financial room, laboratory, financial room, where the supplies of where the supplies of preparations and medical preparations and medical raw materialraw material were stored were stored, , basement and inspection basement and inspection room room Home pharmacies were Home pharmacies were created in small town or in created in small town or in a province for the grant of a province for the grant of doctors helpdoctors help. . The decree of The decree of Court Office from Court Office from November 3November 3, , 1800 allowed 1800 allowed doctorsto have a home doctorsto have a home pharmacy, if in the places pharmacy, if in the places of their dwelling in the of their dwelling in the distance more than 1 mile distance more than 1 mile was no other pharmacy. was no other pharmacy.

Homoeopathic preparations was made only Homoeopathic preparations was made only for recipe of doctor and only in those for recipe of doctor and only in those pharmacies whichhad right on this. pharmacies whichhad right on this. Doctors which usDoctors which useded homoeopathic homoeopathic facilities in the practice were not in a facilities in the practice were not in a position to have a home pharmacy.position to have a home pharmacy.

Development of pharmacy Development of pharmacy affair in affair in XIX centuryXIX century..

In 1873  government was forced to publish out In 1873  government was forced to publish out ««The rules of opening The rules of opening of pharmacies». of pharmacies». Permission to open a pharmacy gaveout Permission to open a pharmacy gaveout governor, it was necessary to take into governor, it was necessary to take into account the quantity of population and account the quantity of population and quantity of operating pharmacies. quantity of operating pharmacies. So So in cities in cities one pharmacy one pharmacy had tohad to serve 12 thousands of serve 12 thousands of population and 30 thousands of recipes, in a population and 30 thousands of recipes, in a province — 10 thousands of population and province — 10 thousands of population and 15 thousands of recipes. In other settlements 15 thousands of recipes. In other settlements it was allowed to open pharmacies in the it was allowed to open pharmacies in the distance no less distance no less than than 15 versts. 15 versts.

In the west earths, influencing of Poland and In the west earths, influencing of Poland and Austria showed up on development of Austria showed up on development of pharmacy affair. Pharmacy establishments pharmacy affair. Pharmacy establishments here differed between itself by it setting and here differed between itself by it setting and forms of organization. There were presented forms of organization. There were presented royal, public, rural, domestic, homoeopathic, royal, public, rural, domestic, homoeopathic, military, monasterial pharmacy, “drogerii”. military, monasterial pharmacy, “drogerii”. Most widespread on territory of Galichina Most widespread on territory of Galichina were public pharmacies.were public pharmacies.

PPragmatic foreigners ragmatic foreigners assisted development of assisted development of pharmaceutical industry pharmaceutical industry iin n Galichina. It is necessary Galichina. It is necessary to noteto note the Czech the Czech businessman Peter businessman Peter Mikolyasha, which opened Mikolyasha, which opened in Lvov a pharmacy «Under in Lvov a pharmacy «Under Star». Star». In 1852 years at a In 1852 years at a pharmacy a pharmacy a pharmaceuticalpharmaceutical laboratory laboratory was organized. In a was organized. In a laboratorylaboratory which was which was equipped equipped with with modern modern equipment highly skilled equipment highly skilled specialists worked, that specialists worked, that allowed already in XIX allowed already in XIX century productcentury product the issue the issue of medicines in large of medicines in large volumes and master the volumes and master the market of sale.market of sale.

Only at the beginning of 1900 year Only at the beginning of 1900 year PP. Mikolyash . Mikolyash was succeeded to overcome all obstacles and was succeeded to overcome all obstacles and open a pharmaceutical firm which was adopted open a pharmaceutical firm which was adopted in honour in honour of of the founder «the founder «PP. Mikolyash and . Mikolyash and CCo».o».InIn 1910 a pharmaceutical factory which 1910 a pharmaceutical factory which was symbolically named «Laokoon»was symbolically named «Laokoon»

In 1921 a factory proceeds out from In 1921 a factory proceeds out from under jurisdiction of firm «under jurisdiction of firm «PP. . Mikolyash and Mikolyash and CCo», and in 1923 o», and in 1923 became an independent joint-stock became an independent joint-stock company the capital of which madecompany the capital of which mades s up toup to115 thousands 115 thousands zlotich. zlotich. The The factory of «Laokoon» consisted of such factory of «Laokoon» consisted of such departmentsdepartments as as: organic, : organic, galenic,galenic, patent preparations, medical plants patent preparations, medical plants and reagents. 100–137 workers and reagents. 100–137 workers worked on a factory worked on a factory iin the period of n the period of the the largestlargest productivity of enterprise productivity of enterprise (1931–1938)(1931–1938). I. In 1939 the factory of n 1939 the factory of «Laokoon» got a patent and prepared «Laokoon» got a patent and prepared everything for the production of everything for the production of insulin.insulin.

From 1957- Lvov From 1957- Lvov chempharmaceutical chempharmaceutical factory.factory. By the general reconstruction By the general reconstruction of factory in of factory in 1970 1970 years years of of XX XX century century was completed was completed itsits stage as the modern stage as the modern highly-mechanized specialized powerful highly-mechanized specialized powerful pharmaceutical enterprisepharmaceutical enterprise, , on the base on the base of which in 1993 the joint-stock of which in 1993 the joint-stock company of «Galichfarm» was createdcompany of «Galichfarm» was created. .

History of development of History of development of medicine and medicine and farmacy farmacy of of Ukraine Ukraine in XX centuryin XX century..

In the threshold of First world war In the threshold of First world war 468 thousand citizens of Kyiv in 468 thousand citizens of Kyiv in the case of necessity could appeal the case of necessity could appeal after medications to services of 43 after medications to services of 43 pharmacies, 146 pharmacy pharmacies, 146 pharmacy storages, chemist and perfume storages, chemist and perfume shops. The “Southwestern union shops. The “Southwestern union of pharmacist”, “Pharmaceutical of pharmacist”, “Pharmaceutical beneficiary association of Kyiv” beneficiary association of Kyiv” and “Association of chemists of and “Association of chemists of Kyiv” operated in town. Kyiv” operated in town.

On the territory of Ukraine in 1911 On the territory of Ukraine in 1911 there were only 873 pharmacies there were only 873 pharmacies (530 rural and 343 in cities). In (530 rural and 343 in cities). In 1913 year the quantity of 1913 year the quantity of pharmacies was evened to 1067 pharmacies was evened to 1067 (714 rural and 353 in cities). (714 rural and 353 in cities).

In 1918 a decree was In 1918 a decree was signed about signed about nationalization of nationalization of pharmaciespharmaciesIn the period from In the period from 1949 to 1963 the 1949 to 1963 the pharmacy network of pharmacy network of Ukraine grew on 1314 Ukraine grew on 1314 pharmacies, in that pharmacies, in that number in cities – number in cities – 954 and in rural 954 and in rural locality – 360. On locality – 360. On beginning of 1990 beginning of 1990 year - 6500 year - 6500 pharmacies. pharmacies.

I.Horbachevsky was born on May, 15 1854 in I.Horbachevsky was born on May, 15 1854 in the village called Zarubyntsi in family of the village called Zarubyntsi in family of

priest. Studied in Ternopil' priest. Studied in Ternopil' hymnasium|.Graduated off the medical hymnasium|.Graduated off the medical

faculty of the Viennese university.faculty of the Viennese university.

The first scientific labours of The first scientific labours of I.I.Horbachevsky Horbachevsky concern mainly concern mainly

organic and physiology chemistry. organic and physiology chemistry. He one of the first He one of the first who had who had

selected amino acid. First in the selected amino acid. First in the world synthesized urinary acid world synthesized urinary acid

from an urea (in 1882) and amino from an urea (in 1882) and amino acidacidss from from glicinglicin. .

The teaching of students in the Ternopil The teaching of students in the Ternopil medical institute began on September, 1 medical institute began on September, 1

19571957. O. On January, 30 1997 n January, 30 1997 aan institute got n institute got status of medical academy status of medical academy by by the decision the decision

of Cabinet of Cabinet of Ministers of of Ministers of Ukraine, and Ukraine, and from 2004 – medical university. from 2004 – medical university.

In 1992 In 1992 by by the decision of Cabinetthe decision of Cabinetof of Ministers of Ministers of Ukraine Ukraine to theto the T TSMI wasSMI was

appropriateappropriated d the name of academic Ivan the name of academic Ivan GorbachevsGorbachevskyky..