development of the central nervous system biomedic dept. medical school, unisba
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Development of the Central Nervous System Biomedic Dept. Medical School, Unisba. Origin of Nervous System. CNS-The brain and spinal cord ectoderm neural epithelium. Proliferation neural plate neural groove neural fold neural tube. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Development of the Central Nervous System
Biomedic Dept.Medical School, Unisba
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Origin of Nervous System
CNS-The brain and spinal cord ectoderm neural epithelium.
•Proliferation neural plate neural groove neural fold neural tube.
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• Proliferation neural plate neural groove neural fold neural tube.
• Neural Tube CNS (Brain&spinal cord)
• Neural Crest PNS & ANS(Cranial, spinal, autonomic ganglia)
• The rest is neural crest .
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Neuralation• Formation of the neural
plate and neural tube(22-23 days)region of the fourth to sixth pairs of somite
• Two third craniallyfuture brain
• One third caudally spinal cord
• Fusion of the neural folds neural canalrostral neuropore (cranial)&caudal neuropore(
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1. Ektoderm2. Neural tube bagian
dorsal3. Neural tube4. Neural tube bagian
ventral5. Notochord
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Gen-gen yang berperan dalam perkembangan neural tube
A Sensory NeuronB Viscero sensory
neuron/motoricC Motoric neuronGen PAX3/7 berperan
dalam perkembangan Alar plate
Gen PAX 6 berperan dalam perkembangan basal plate
Defisit dari gen ini menyebabkan Syndrome de Waardenburg
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Development of The Spinal Cord
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Development of The Spinal Cord
3 concentric zones:- Ependymal/ ventricularlayer (internal) nucleated , mitotic cells- Mantle/intermediate layer (middle) the cell bodies of neuron and
neuroglial cells- marginal layer (outer) fibrous mass, processes of nerve cells.
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Development of the Spinal Ganglia
• Neural crest cellsSpinal ganglia
• Peripheral process(dendrit)pass the spinal n. to sensory endings
• Central processdorsal roots of spinal nerve
• Myelination of nerve fiber oligodendrocyte
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Development of spinal meningens
Positional changes of the spinal cord:
• The vertebral column and duramater grow more rapidly than the spinal cordpositional spinal cord does not persist
• New born(terminate L2/L3)& Adult (inferior L1)
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Congenital anomalies of spinal cord
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Development of The Brain
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1 Telencephalon2 Diencephalon3 Mesencephalon4 Cerebellum5 pons4+5 Metencephalon6 Myelencephalon(medulla oblongata)7 Spinal cordI ProsencephalonII MesencephalonIII RhombencephalonA Cerebral trunk
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Development of brainFusion of the neural folds in the cranial region & closure of the
rostral neuropore form 3 primary brain vesiclesPrimitive brain straight three point of expansion:Forebrain,Midbrain&Hindbrain
fore brain (prosencephalon) mid brain (mesencephalon)
hind brain (rhombencephalon).
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Fourth week :embryonic brain grows rapidly and bends ventrally with the head fold• Flexure : cephalic/mid brain,
cervical, pontine
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MYELENCEPHALON-Most caudal part called medulla oblongata- neuroblast(alar plate) marginal zone gracili
nuclei medially& cuneate nuclei laterally-Continued into spinal cord.-Vascular mesenchymechoiroid plexure.
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- Neuroblast(basal plate)medial tp lateral: general somatic efferent(hypoglosal nerve), special visceral efferent(innv. Muscle from pharyngeal arches), general visceral afferent(vagus & glossopharyngeal nerve)
- Neuroblast(alar plate)1. general visceral afferent(impulses from the viscera) 2. special visceral afferent(taste fibers)3.general somatic aff. (Impulses from the surface of the head) 4. special somatic aff(impulses from the ear)
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METENCEPHALON-From isthmus to pontine flexure.-Dorsal: cerebellum-Ventral: pons
MESENCEPHALON-Least modified-Overshadowed by fore and hind brains
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DIENCEPHALON.-Epithalamus,thalamus,hypothalamus.-Evagination epiphysis-The wall optic chiasm-Infundibulum hypophysis.
TELENCEPHALON-Paired cerebral hemisphere-Three functions corpus striatum, rhinencephalon and pallium.
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Congenital anomalies of brainAnencephaly
(Meroencephaly)MicrocephalyHydrocephalus
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CraniumDevelopment of cranium
• Cranium develops from mesenchyme around the developing brain.
• The cranium consists of:Neurocranium
Viscerocranium
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Congenital anomalies of cranium
Cranium bifidumAcraniaHolo-acrania
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VertebraeDevelopment of vertebralMesenchymal cells are found
in three main areas: around the notocord, surrounding the neural tube, and in the body wallCartilaginous StageBony stage
Notocord expands to form the gelatinous center of the intervertebral disc -- the nucleus pulposus
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Congenital anomalies of vertebrae
• Rachischisis
• Spina Bifida
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Alhamdulillah