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DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS

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Page 1: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY

ATOMS

Page 2: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

•460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom

•He pounded materials until he made them into smaller and smaller parts

•He called them atoma which is Greek for “indivisible”.

Democritus

Page 3: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

• His Theory:

All atoms:

• Are small hard particles

• Are made of a single material formed into different shapes and sizes

• Are always moving, and they form different materials by joining together

Democritus

Page 4: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

•1803 - British chemist; elements combine in specific proportions to form compounds

John Dalton

Solid Sphere Model or

Bowling Ball Model

Proposed by John Dalton

Page 5: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

• His Theory: All substances are made of atoms that cannot

be created, divided, or destroyed.

Atoms join with other atoms to make new substances.

Atoms of the same element are exactly alike, and atoms of different elements are different in mass and size.

John Dalton

Page 6: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

• 1897 - English chemist and physicist; discovered 1st subatomic particles

J. J. Thomson

Plum Pudding Model or

Raisin Bun Model

Proposed by J.J. Thomson

Page 7: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

•His Theory:•Atoms contain negatively charged particles called electrons and positively charged matter.

• Created a model to describe the atom as a sphere filled with positive matter with negative particles mixed in.

J. J. Thomson

Page 8: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

•1912 - New Zealand physicist discovered the nucleus

Ernest Rutherford

Nuclear Model

Proposed by Ernest

Rutherford

Page 9: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

Gold FoilExperime

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Page 10: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

•His Theory:Small, dense, positively charged particle present in nucleus called a proton

Electrons travel around the nucleus, but their exact places cannot be described.

Ernest Rutherford

Page 11: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

•1913 - Danish physicist; discovered energy levels

Niels Bohr

Page 12: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

•His Theory:Electrons travel around the nucleus in definite paths and fixed distances.

Electrons can jump from one level to a path in another level.

Niels Bohr

Page 13: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

•1924 - Austrian physicist; developed the electron cloud model

Erwin Shrodinger

Electron Cloud Model

Proposed by Erwin

Schrodinger

Page 14: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

•His Theory:The exact path of electrons cannot be predicted.

The region referred to as the electron cloud, is an area where electrons can likely be found.

Erwin Shrodinger

Page 15: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

• 1932 - English physicist; discovered neutrons

• His Theory: Neutrons have no electrical charge. Neutrons have a mass nearly equal to the mass of a proton.

Unit of measurement for subatomic particles is the atomic mass unit (amu).

James Chadwick

Neutrons in Nucleus

Page 16: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

• Atoms are composed of three main subatomic particles: the electron, proton, and neutron.

• Most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus of the atom.

Modern Theory of the Atom

Page 17: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

• The protons and neutrons are located within the nucleus, while the electrons exist outside of the nucleus.

• In stable atoms, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.

Modern Theory of the Atom

Page 18: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

•The type of atom is determined by the number of protons it has.

•The number of protons in an atom is equal to the atomic number.

Modern Theory of the Atom

Page 19: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY ATOMS. 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom He pounded materials until he made them into smaller

• The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in a particular atom is called the atomic mass.

• Valence electrons are the outermost electrons.

Modern Theory of the Atom


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