development of personality prof. dr. doina cozman
TRANSCRIPT
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DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY
PROF. DR. DOINA COZMAN
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PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT FACTORS: babies
• I. Imprinting – derived from ethology
• Holding: mother’s function development
of attachment
• Social learning of emotions (see children raised without a mother/attachment figure)
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II. INFANCY• Family, parental diad (the father figure emerges)• Grandparents • SiblingsIII. CHILDHOOD- family- Peers, school groupIV. ADOLESCENCE- Distancing from parental models, even rejecting
them- Social models emerge (friends, movie stars,
teachers etc.)V. YOUNG ADULT- Biological maturation and personality
maturation do not overlap- The role of the professional group- The role of community emerges
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BIOPSYCHOTYPOLOGY
PROF. DR. DOINA COZMAN
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I. DEFINITIONS•1. MEDICAL TYPOLOGY: the actual reactivity of the patient, correlations between individuals, metabolic specificities, emphasizing on the dynamics of the subject – environment relationship. The “type” provides the essential, while the individual is rich in phenomenons Allport :”typology is half way towards individuality”•2. CONSTITUTION: permanent and essential elements (physical and psychological traits) – reactivity, phenotype and person •3. BIOTYPOLOGIES: they postulate correlations between physical habitus and important psychological features – even since Hyppocrates and ancient astrology
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• ANTIQUITYHYPPOCRATES: - APOPLECTIC TYPE- PHTISIC TYPEGALENUS: types:- SANGVINIC- CHOLERIC- MELANCHOLIC- PHLEGMATICThese are all words with a Greek origin,
connecting a certain physical appearance with a specific tendency towards behaviours and illnesses
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BIOPSYCHOTYPOLOGIES
CLASIFICATION •1. Morphological criterion -MORPHOTYPES (Hyppocrates)•2. Psychophysiological criterion (Sheldon; Pavlov: activated and inhibited CNS activity)•3. Psychological criterion (Freud, Jung, Schneider)•4. Mixed types (Kretschmer)
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KRETSCHMER• Psychiatric observations combined with
comprehensive body measurements• 1. LEPTOSOM (ASTHENIC) TYPE: thin oval
face, thin body, long and flat chest; psychologically ambivalent, enigmatic, aloof, abstract thinkers who keep to themselves; they tend to develop schizophrenia
• 2. PICNIC TYPE: round head and face, short neck, round chest and stomach, short limbs; sociable, communicative, alternating between sadness and joy
• 3. ATHLETIC TYPE: tall, well-built and proportioned body; quiet and with little imagination;
• 4. Dysplastic type: somatic dismorphisms; rigid, adhesive, impulsive.
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SHELDON
He was an endocrinologist, therefor he clasified types according to embrionary origin of organs:
• 1. Endomorph variable (INTERNAL ORGANS) → VISCEROTONY
• 2. Mesomorph variable (MUSCLES) → SOMATOTONY
• 3. Ectomorph variable (CNS) → CEREBROTONY
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FREUD• For Freud development meant sexual
development, and types meant stages of libido (sexual impulse) development
• 1. ORAL• 2. ANAL• 3. URETHRAL• 4. PHALIC• 5. GENITAL = MATURE
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JUNG• Jung was a disciple of Freud, who
distanced himself and defined types according to the pattern of relationship with the exterior:– INTROVERTED TYPE– EXTRAVERTED TYPE– AMBIVERT TYPE
• IRRATIONAL TYPES:• 1. PERCEPTIVE• 2. INTUITIVE• RATIONAL TYPES:• 3. AFFECTIVE• 4. REFLEXIVE
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CLINICAL TYPOLOGY: KURT SCHNEIDER
– T. Hypertymic– T. Depressive– T. Fanatic– T. Sensitive – T. Affectionless– T. Labile– T. Attention-seeking– T. Anankastic– T. Weak-willed– T. Asthenic
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From biopsychotypes to personality types and disorders