Development of New

and Renewable Energy

Sources In Indonesia: In

Sight of Biomasses Base

Utilization

Dr. Dwi Susilaningsih

Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesia Institute of

Sciences

Jl Raya Bogor Km 46 Cibinong Bogor Indonesia 16911

Tel. +62-21-8754587 Fax. +62-21-8754588

Email; dwi.susilaningsih@lipi.go.id or

dwisusilaningsih@yahoo.com.sg

Website;http://www.biotek.lipi.go.id

LIPI11-A5.0

SALAM 2 JAKARTA 2012-Dec-13

OUTLINE

I. PREFACE

II. 1st GENERATION OF RNE

III. 2nd GENERATION OF RNE

IV. 3rd GENERATION OF RNE

V. CLOSING REMARK

I. PREFACE

ENERGY: Ancient Greek: ἐνέργεια energeia "activity, operation" is an indirectly

observed quantity that is often understood as the ability of a physical system to

do work on other physical systems. However in the new term its including the

chemical, thermodynamic and biological system.

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY: is the sustainable provision of energy that meets the

needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to

meet their needs. It consist the whole aspects of social live style( green living),

technology, green environment (Clean Air Policy, Climate Change, Ecology),

energy security and renewable energy sources.

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY: is any energy source that is an alternative to fossil

fuel.

BIOENERGY: is renewable energy made available from materials derived from

biological sources. Continue

NRE & The Development

Energy generation (technology); First-generation technologies, which are already

mature and economically competitive, include biomass, hydroelectricity,

geothermal power and heat. Second-generation technologies are market-ready

and are being deployed at the present time; they include solar heating,

photovoltaics, wind power, solar thermal power stations, and modern forms of

bioenergy. Third-generation technologies require continued R&D efforts in order

to make large contributions on a global scale and include advanced biomass

gasification, biorefinery technologies, hot-dry-rock geothermal power, and ocean

energy.

Product Bioenergy (Fuel); First-generation biofuels, primarily consisting of

ethanol and biodiesel, are derived from sugars, starches, and oils, and the crops

used to create these fuels compete with food crops for the use of agricultural

land and water. Second-generation biofuel production is that focus on the

extraction of energy from lignocellulosic biomass sources. Third-generation

biofuels are derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria. Forth-generation is the

biofuel derivate from the molecular engineering materials.

By 2050, one-third of the world's energy will need to come from solar, wind, and other renewable resources.

4st

generation

Molecular

Engineering

DIAGRAM OF BIOFUEL

GENERATION

Hydrogen

Continue

II. 1st GENERATION OF BIOFUEL

http://biofuelindonesia.blogspot.com/

Biofuel adalah setiap bahan bakar baik padatan, cairan ataupun gas yang dihasilkan dari bahan-bahan organik (tanaman, hewan dan mikroba). Biofuel dapat dihasilkan secara langsung (proses fotosintesa atau metabolisme) atau secara tidak langsung dari limbah industri, komersial, domestik atau pertanian. Ada beberapa cara untuk pembuatan biofuel seperti ekstraksi langsung dari tanaman (jarak, nyamplung, sawit); proses fisika seperti pembakaran limbah organik kering (seperti buangan rumah tangga, limbah industri dan pertanian); dan fermentasi seperti fermentasi limbah basah (seperti kotoran hewan) tanpa oksigen untuk menghasilkan biogas(mengandung hingga 60 persen metana), atau fermentasi tebu atau jagung untuk menghasilkan alkohol dan ester; dan tanaman hutan (menghasilkan kayu dari tanaman yang cepat tumbuh sebagai bahan bakar).

Continue

Perkembangan Generasi

Pertama Biofuel Di Indonesia

Biofuel Development

• Palm

• Jatropha

• Sugarcane

• Cassava

• Microalgae

Source : Dept. ESDM

Continue

Source: Dept. ESDM

Continue

Source : Dept. ESDM

Continue

Source : Dep. ESDM Continue

BIOFUEL DEVELOPMENT

PROGRESS Availability of Biofuel Development Blue Print

Availability of Biofuel Development Regulations

Biodiesel (B-5), has been sold in 20 gas stations in Jakarta and 12 gas stations in Surabaya

Bioethanol (E-5), which is known as Bio-Premium has been sold in Malang and Jakarta. Started December 2006 Bio-Pertamax has been sold in 1 gas station in Jakarta

Started of Energy Self Sufficient Village using Biofuel

Commitments of Investosr to develop Biofuel (January 2007)

Biofuel Producers, among others :

- PT. Eterindo Jawa Timur

- PT. Molindo Raya

- PT. Lampung Destileri

- PT. Energi Alternatif Indonesia

- PT. Sumi Asih

- PT. Platinum

- PT. Wilmar Bioenergi Indonesia

Continue

Development of 2nd Generation of Bioethanol:

Cellulose-based Ethanol

Biology of bioconversion of solar energy into biofuels.

Solar energy is collected by plants via photosynthesis and stored as lignocellulose.

Decomposition of the cellulosic material into simple 5- and 6-carbon sugars is achieved

by physical and chemical pretreatment, followed by exposure to enzymes from biomass

-degrading organisms. The simple sugars can be subsequently converted into fuels by

microorganisms.

Source: http://www.nature.com/scitable/

III. 2nd Biofuel Generation • Second generation biofuels are broadly speaking the biofuel technologies still in

the pipeline. It is these sustainable biofuels that will provide the source for the

future. Some of the new technologies focus on increasing yields from plant-

derived fuels; others look at the application of microbiological research to

improve energy efficiency and range of renewable feedstocks for biofuel

production. The Biofuel Research Centre focuses on 2nd Generation biofuels

produced by microbial fermentation of non-food crops. These carbon-rich

lignocellulosic materials are renewable and widely available. Sources include

agricultural waste such as corn stover, straw and bagasse; industrial waste such

as sawdust and paper pulp; woody biomass from forestry; municipal solid waste

including household food and garden waste and paper products; and specific

non-food energy crops such as switchgrass.

• Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass is attractive and even more so if biomass

which is otherwise regarded as waste can be used as the substrate. In this case,

the overall energy yield and carbon footprint will be improved compared to first

generation biofuels as there is no need to cultivate and harvest the crops. How

we best harness this energy stored within lignocelluloses may provide the

solution for biofuels in the future.

Continue

Biomass

Pretreatment :

Bio-treatment

Chemical treatment

Steam treatment

Lignin

18-25 %

Hemicellulose

18-25%

Cellulose

40-50 %

Xylose

Glucose

Saccharification

Fermentation

Eco-materials

Resin

Ethanol

25-35 %

Development of Process

Simultaneous

Sacharification and

Fermentation (SSF)

Continue

Genetically modified Plant for

Bioethanol

Increase the productivity

Increase the cellulose

content

Reduce the lignin

content

Reduce the

hemicellulose content

wt Transg.

Courtesy: Enny Sudarmnowati & Sri Hartati

Case: Paraserianthes falcataria

Continue

Energy from Municipal Solid Waste

Installed capacity 10 MW in Suwung, Bali

26 MW in Bekasi, West Java

10 MW in Surabaya, East Java (2012)

10 MW in Bandung, West Java (2012)

Source Local municipal solid waste

In Bali and Bekasi using

GALFAD Technology from

PT Navigat Organic Energy

Indonesia

Continue

IV. 3nd Generation of Biofuel

Algal Fuel Fuel Production Options from Microalgal Cell Components

Biorefinary Algae

Comparison algae and other oil sources

Continue

Perkembangan Generasi ke-3 Biofuel di

Indonesia

Algae Sebagai Sumber Energi

Algae mempunyai kandungan lipida, tepung,

hidrokarbon dan evolusi hidrogen sebagai hasil

metabolisme selnya

Keunggulan budidaya algae sebagai sumber

energi; pertumbuhan cepat, menggunakan sedikit

air dibanding pertanian, mengkonversi sinar

matahari dan CO2 menjadi makananya sendiri,

mudah dibudidayakan, seluruh prosesnya tidak

menimbulkan polusi lingkungan

Kekurangan budidaya algae; merupakan komoditi

baru, membutuhkan teknologi pemanenan yang

membutuhkan daya listrik tinggi, proses pasca

panen, proses kimia untuk mendapatkan energi

yang diinginkan

Screening marine microalgae for specific purposes

Commercial interest ~ Function Starch production

High CO2 tolerant

High density culture

Chl. d production

Polysaccharide

SOx tolerant

Low pH (tolerant)

PUFA production

Hydrocarbon production

Lipid accumulator

Hydrogen production

Source variation

Tropical isolates

Symbionts

Hot spring isolates

Marine sediments

The screening methods are developed by our laboratory

Continue

Candidate of hydrocarbon producing microalgae

Botryococcus? Chlorophyceae

Chromophyceae

Botryococcus sp.

Reference image dari

Broock, 2003

Chromophyceae

Cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria

Figure of Dry weight an lipid

content of selected microalgae

Bar scale:10m

3% of yield

3% of yield

Marine Research in Indonesia

Vol. 33 No. 2, 2008 Continue

Growth and lipid

production of

selected strains (N-

treated)

Candidate lipid depositor microalgae

Photobioreactor

Co-research with IPB, Lambung Mangkurat Univ. &

P2 Physic LIPI

On-line journal of Biotechnology Research in Tropical Region, vol 2, October 2009.

Screening Process

Continue

Teach the people how to

Cultivate the algae for feed.

Algal biodiesel project Continue

Cultivation in the semi pilot-plant

Continue

Coming Soon: Generasi ke 4

Biofuel

Hydrogenosome

pada sel bakteri,

alga dan

cyanobakteria

Organ respirasi

Mitokondria

Clossing Remark

• Indonesia has realize the mandatory of blending the

fossil fuel with NRE

• The 1st biofuel generation is already sale in the

market

• The 2nd biofuel generation is in between application

and evaluation in the market

• The 3rd biofuel generation is still in the laboratory

studies THANK YOU