development of e lakip lan witra

DEVELOPMENT OF E-LAKIP NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION:

E-GOVERNMENT FROM THE REPORTING

Witra Apdhi Yohanitas

Centre of Research and Development for Information System & Administration Automation, National Institute of

Public Administration of the Republic of Indonesia,

Jl. Veteran no 10 10110, Jakarta, Indonesia

E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

E-LAKIP built through the concept of e-government are currently busy talking. One of the

benefits of e-government is to improve the quality of government services to their stakeholders

(citizens, businesses, and industry), especially in terms of performance effectiveness and

efficiency in various areas of national life. E-government itself is a manifestation of the concept

of good government are in the process of its implementation emphasis on providing services to

the people through the public goods and services.

E-LAKIP built to facilitate the performance of the report's authors to make the Government

Performance Accountability Report (LAKIP). E-LAKIP software development lead to the

development of computer-based WEB applications, based on parameters contained in: (1)

Presidential Decree No. 7 of 1999 on Government Performance Accountability, (2) Decision of

the Institute of Public Administration No. 239 / IX / 6/8/2003 on Guidelines for Government

Performance Accountability Reporting, (3) Regulation of the Minister of State for Administrative

Reform and Bureaucratic Reform No: PER / O9 / M.PAN / 5/2007 on general guidelines

Establishment Environmental Key Performance Indicators in Government; (4) Regulation of the

Minister of State for Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform No. 13 of 2010 on the

Implementation Evaluation of Performance Accountability in 2010, (5) Regulation of the Minister

of State for Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform (PERMENPAN)No. 29 Year 2010

on Guidelines for Designing and Establishing Performance and Accountability Reporting

performance of Government Agencies.

Development of e-LAKIP Software includes the development of e-LAKIP prototype

software in accordance with the recent development of information technology, as well as the

installation and implementation of environmental advocacy agencies. Goals to be achieved from

the development activity is to produce e-LAKIP software, perform the installation, and providing

advocacy on the software system in the government agencies. The method used in this activity

approach Gradual Development of the information system model consists of several stages.

By using the method of gradual development, application development is done by the

analysis, design, construction is expected to start e-LAKIP can be used by government

agencies. Besides constantly adjust to new regulations that LAKIP e-LAKIP development in line

with regulations.

Stages of development is to make the system design, and testing of the system through

advocacy, after the redesign was done to conform with the latest regulations. Once the design

is completed dissemination and socialization.

Not only there, the development will be done by adding an additional system to refine. For

that there are some things that can be done, such as adding content to record a performance

comparison of quarterly monitoring step, add content to evaluate agency performance every five

years. add content to the digital signature which is of course related to the password, the user

adds the ability level that will be in a single database

Keywords: e-government, e-LAKIP, LAKIP (reports of performance accountability of

government agencies), the development of e-LAKIP, government agencies




480

1. Introduction

1.1. Background

The realization of a model of good governance and responsible or good governance is a

prerequisite for any government to realize the aspirations of the community in achieving the

goals and ideals of the nation and state. Related to these efforts required the development and

implementation of a system of government accountability reports are correct, clear, measurable

and thus legitimate government's implementation and execution of development can take place

in powerful, effective, clean and responsible, and free from corruption, collusion and nepotism

(CCN).

Development effort is in line with efforts to combat corruption legality as outlined in the

TAP MPR No. XI/MPR/1998 on State Officials Clean and Free from Corruption, Collusion and

Nepotism. As is known, in Article 3 of the country's highest policy institute stated that the

general principles of state administration include (1) the principle of legal certainty, (2) the

principle of orderly administration of the state, (3) the principle of public interest, (4) the principle

of openness, (5) proportionality, (6) the principles of professionalism and (7) the principle of

accountability. Furthermore, the explanation of article 3 of TAP MPR No. XI/MPR/1998 was

formulated that the principle of accountability is a principle which determines that any activity

and the final result of the implementation activities of the state should be accountable to the

community and the people as the supreme sovereign state in accordance with the provisions of

the legislation in force.

Following this policy, the government has issued instructions of President of the Republic

of Indonesia (Presidential Decree) No. 7 of 1999 on Government Performance Accountability

(AKIP). Presidential mandates all government agencies as an element of the state government

to take responsibility for the implementation of the duties and functions, as well as resource

management authority on the basis of a strategic plan established by each agency.

Accountability is realized in the form of Government Performance Accountability Reports

(performance reports) were submitted to superiors respectively, Agency Oversight and

Accountability Assessment, and finally submitted to the President as the Head of Government.

The report describes the performance of government agencies concerned with the Government

Performance Accountability System (SAKIP).

In SAKIP, strategic planning is the first step that must be done in order to be able to

answer the demands of strategic local, national, and global levels, and remain in the order of

the administrative system of the Republic of Indonesia. Strategic planning documents at least

contains the vision, mission, goals, objectives, and strategies (how to achieve the goals and

objectives). Performance planning is the process of planning as a translation of performance

targets and programs set out in the strategic plan, to be implemented by government agencies

through a variety of annual activities. In the achievement of performance plans set annual work

plan for all performance indicators arrangement done in line with the work plan and budget

policy formulation agenda, and a commitment to the institution to achieve in a given year.

Performance Plan document contains information about the target to be achieved in that year

performance indicator targets, achievements and plans, programs, activities, and group

performance indicators and planned achievements.

Furthermore, performance measurement using performance data. Performance data can

usually be obtained through two sources, namely internal data from the information system

applied to the agency and external data from outside agencies both primary data and secondary

data.

Collecting performance data for the performance indicators of the activities comprising

indicators inputs, outputs, and outcomes, planned and systematically carried out every year to

measure effectiveness, effectiveness, efficiency and quality achievement. Listening to the

complexity of the process SAKIP above, not surprising that various government agencies at the

central and local levels. Felt difficulty in carrying out the mandate.

According Mustopadidjaja (2003) Sakip itself is basically an accountability instrument that

consists of a variety of indicators and mechanisms of activity measurement, assessment and

Public Reform for Good Government Governance – A4-PFM Conference

Surabaya, Indonesia, November 13th-14th 2012

481

reporting the performance of a comprehensive and integrated to meet the obligations of the

success or failure of the implementation of the duties and functions, as well as the mission of

the organization. Therefore, decision-makers must be able and skilled required to align the

potential, opportunities and constraints that will be faced in developing strategic plans that

contain vision and mission. All that should be formulated well in advance so that it can be

accounted for later.

The key foundation of LAKIP itself is accountability and performance. One of the

characteristics of good governance was identified UNDP is accountability (accountability) that

the decision makers at the state and private sectors elements accountable to the public and non

- governmental stakeholders. According Mustopadidjaja (2003) accountability is the obligation of

the individual entrepreneurs who trusted resource to manage public resources to account for a

variety of things related to fiscal, managerial and program. While performance is a popular term

in the management, which is defined in terms of the work, performance and performance.

According to Fattah (1999:19) performance or achievement (performance) is defined as: "an

expression that is based on the ability of the knowledge, attitudes and skills and motivation to

produce something". Meanwhile, according to Sedarmayanti (2001:50) that: "The performance

is a translation of the performance, which means job performance, job execution, job

attainment, job performance or appearance". Rahadi (2010) reveals that the performance is the

appearance of doing, illustrate and produce something, both physical and non-physical in

accordance with the instructions, functions and duties are based on the knowledge, attitudes

and skills. It can be seen that the knowledge, skills, motivation and attitudes are forming factor

of performance. So as to prepare performance reports that are part of the Government

Performance Accountability System (SAKIP) requires knowledge, skills, motivation and the right

attitude to be accountability of decision-makers for their purpose.

E-LAKIP itself is built to facilitate the performance of the report's authors to make the

Government Performance Accountability Report (LAKIP). E-LAKIP software development lead

to the development of computer-based WEB applications, based on parameters contained in:

(1) Presidential Decree No. 7 of 1999 on Government Performance Accountability, (2) Decision

of the Institute of Public Administration No. 239 / IX / 6/8/2003 on Guidelines for Government

Performance Accountability Reporting, (3) PERMENPAN Number: PER / O9 / M.PAN / 5/2007

on general guidelines Establishment Environmental Key Performance Indicators in Government

Agency, (4) PERMENPAN No. 13 2010 on the Implementation Evaluation of Performance

Accountability in 2010, (5) PERMENPAN No. 29 Year 2010 on Guidelines for Designing and

Establishing Performance Reporting and Performance Accountability Government.

Here is the work flow of e-LAKIP built by the Institute of Public Administration, the authors

of the report in terms of performance accountability.

Figure 1. User Workflow e-LAKIP (Drafting Reports)1

1 E-LAKIP workflow based application of e-LAKIP developed by the Centre for Development and Research Information

Systems and Automation Administration - Institute for State administration

Login Prepare Auth

Mission and Vision

Prepare

Strategic Goals

Preparation of Reports

(Draft Report) Adjusting Draft Report to

the agency

archiving report

Logout

* Includes charging performance targets and realization.

Prepare Key

Performance Indicators *




482

For the administrator (manager application) e-LAKIP workflow similar, there are some

additional capabilities: create modify and delete user ID, add, modify delete all the data, enable

the reporting year, monitoring all user input data. In order to provide the user level to 2 levels.

Although such applications are suitable for a fairly large agencies such as institutions, ministries

and provinces. It's just not able to present all the data in one database only.

If the data entry into the application is done properly, then when the draft report made

direct application performance planning, performance setting and performance measurement so

as to accelerate the reporting, because the required data largely the same. The next step is to

adjust the draft report to the respective agencies.

1.2. The purpose and benefits

Development of e-LAKIP Software includes the development of e-LAKIP prototype

software in accordance with the recent development of information technology, as well as the

installation and implementation of environmental advocacy agencies. Goals to be achieved from

the development activity is to produce e-LAKIP software, perform the installation, and providing

advocacy on the software system in the government agencies. The method used in this activity

approach Gradual Development of the information system model consists of several stages.

Prototype of e-LAKIP (formerly called SILAKIP) are realized in the form of software is very

useful for all government agencies in implementing the accountability report more effectively

and efficiently. It is hoped the research and development acquired e-LAKIP software models

that can be used nationally and expected every agency of government, both central and local

government, will be faster, more precise and accurate in implementing performance

accountability reports have been made.

1.3. Literature Review

E-LAKIP built through the concept of e-government are currently busy talking. One of the

benefits of e-government is to improve the quality of government services to their stakeholders

(citizens, businesses, and industry), especially in terms of performance effectiveness and

efficiency in various areas of national life. E-government itself is a manifestation of the concept

of good government are in the process of its implementation emphasis on providing services to

the people through the public goods and services.

Good governance can be realized if there is a balance of power role of the role played by

each element in the governance. State as the first element serves to create political and legal

environment conducive to the elements of another element. Private Sector as an element of the

second act to create jobs and income. And society as a third element which acts creating social,

economic and political interactions. Based on this INDP identified nine characteristics of good

governance, namely:

1.3.1.1. Participation. Where every citizen has the right politically to contribute

in any government decision.

1.3.1.2. Rule of Law. Where the law must be undertaken fairly indiscriminately.

1.3.1.3. Transparency. Where any information should be received by those in

need.

1.3.1.4. Responsiveness. Where the response is given in order to improve

service quality continuously.

1.3.1.5. Concensus Orientation. Where a consensus, the policy is the best

option that provides benefits to the wide interest.

1.3.1.6. Enquity. Where every citizen has an equal opportunity to improve their

welfare.

1.3.1.7. Effectiveness and Efficiency. Where the process of governance and

development carried out by utilizing the available sources as possible.

1.3.1.8. Accountability. Where the decision makers at the state and private

elements accountable to the public and institutions of stakeholders.

1.3.1.9. Strategic Vision. Where leaders must have a good government

perspective and views far ahead.



483

Here e-LAKIP as the realization of e-government is a means to achieve accountability of

government agencies, which is one characteristic of good government. Additionally in terms of

future use is likely to meet all the characteristics of good governance proposed by the UNDP.

When studying the application of e-Government in the Asia Pacific region, G. Clay Wescott

(Senior Officer Asian Development Bank), defines it as follows: E-government is the use of

information and communication technology (ICT) to promote a more efficient administration and

effective cost reduction, ease of facilities providing access to government services and

information to the general public, and make government more accountable to the public.

Put more simply, e-Government is an information technology system developed by the

government in providing options to people when and where they can get easy access to

information and services that the government gave him. This is one of the functions of

government to provide an alternative channel choices through information technology (the

internet) is.

E-Government we are unable to separate them with the ability and readiness of

management and human resources, especially from the local government. Institute of Public

Administration identified the key to successful development of e-Government Local

Government2 not only on the use of technology but it depends also on other factors, namely:

leadership, infrastructure readiness, sustainability information, the quality of human resources

(HR), and community support. When viewed more broadly the success of e-Government is also

dependent on the government organizations.

Key factors that determine the success of the development and implementation of e-

Government, among others:

1.3.2.1. Leadership commitment from the highest levels of management (e-

leadership)

1.3.2.2. Policy and Regulatory Development of e-government consistent in its

development.

1.3.2.3. Organization, management, and governance procedures of information

and communication technology.

1.3.2.4. Preparedness information and communication network infrastructure in

local government, as well as the penetration of computers and the Internet on society.

1.3.2.5. Availability of funding / budget development and management of e-

government are proportionate and sustainable.

1.3.2.6. Cooperation with other competent agencies and other 3rd parties in the

development of e-government.

1.3.2.7. Improving the quality of human resources through training and

education of information and communication technology and sustainable periodically.

1.3.2.8. Dissemination to the public and businesses as part of the user /

receiving continuous coat of government services.

Besides the excellent success to be achieved, of course have to think of the other side in

order to avoid the failure. Many experts reveal the cause of the failure of e-government largely

because of the human element or system. Robert Heeks (2003)3 revealed that most of the

failures of e-government in developing countries is due to unfamiliarity of the "current situation

(where we are now) with" what we will achieve with e-government project "(where the

government wants to get your project us). In other words, what often happens is the wide gap

between the current reality faced by the design of e-government that are intended to change the

state. Gaps are included in various dimensions such as Information technology, processes,

objectives and Values, staffing and skills, management systems and structures, other resorces:

Time and Money or the abbreviated Heeks became ITPOSMO.

Edgar Schein (1985)4 is based on a normative approach to managerial culture found as

one of the parameters of managers in enterprise organizations. Schein looked create an

organizational culture to survive. This means that the organization must be able to adapt to the

2 Contained in the Reference Book Designing Government Information Technology Development (Local e-Gov Grand

Designs) of Chapter II 3 Excerpted from the book Information Technology Reference Design Development Local Government (Local e-Gov

Grand Designs) of Chapter III 4 Contained in this book by Jorgen Lagaard Organizational Theory and Mille Bindslev in 2006




484

external environment in order to survive and develop, and at the same time can integrate the

methods applied and the pattern of the internal workings of the organization. It could be said

that all components of the organization are responsible for what is and will happen in achieving

organizational goals.

Max Weber (1922) described as the father of sociology, has a broader approach to the

organization because it covers the social and historical perspective. Weber believed that an

understanding of the organization and their structure can be found in the historical context, and

he developed a normative ideal for the bureaucracy, which is reflected in his view such public

employees. According to Weber, a public employee must act as if the interests of their own

boss and thus stay assigned part in a bureaucracy. According to Weber, bureaucracy is: "A

specific administrative structure, which is based on legal authority and rule oriented" (Scott,

1998: 48). And has the following characteristics:

1.3.3.1. Established the division of labor among members of the organization

1.3.3.1. An administrative hierarchy

1.3.3.1. A rule-oriented system, which describes the performance of the work

1.3.3.1. Separation of private property and the right to work

1.3.3.1. Selection of staff in accordance with the technical qualification

1.3.3.1. The job involves career

Based on the proposed characterized by weber if associated with the government, then

any employee who is in government must always to performance oriented and of course must

meet appropriate technical qualifications for the performance of government ranging from

planning to reporting to work well.

By definition, performance management is a strategic and integrated processes that

support the success of the organization through the development of human performance. In the

human resource capabilities of performance management as an individual contributor and part

of the group developed through the joint between the manager and the individual is more

consensual than instruction. According Hamka performance management provides an

understanding of the management of the level of achievement of the policy (policy performance)

in accordance with the plan set performance.

Strategic management can simply be defined as a process to develop and implement a

plan to achieve long-term goals by taking into account the variables of internal and external

factors (Kinggudu, 1996). Based on this definition, it can be derived some understanding of

strategic management. First, strategic management is a process, in which there are several

elements that make up the continuous cycle. In strategic management, the result of an element

will be input or give feedback for the other elements. Second, the process of generating a plan

(plan) or in other words there are in the strategic management planning process. Third,

strategic management also includes elements of the implementation and monitoring of the plan

that has been prepared. Fourth, there is the strategic management of long-term goals to be

achieved through the planning and implementation of the plan, and the fifth, in strategic

management, internal and external environment a key consideration in the formulation of plans

and implementation plans.

To demonstrate the performance of the do of course need a performance report. With

regard to performance reporting, the government has issued PP. 8/2006 on Financial Reporting

and Performance of Government Agencies. Regulations referred to among others the rules

relating to the definition, principles and performance reporting measures. According Nurcahyo

(2011) performance report is a brief overview and complete achievement of performance is

based on the work plan set out in the framework of the implementation of the budget / budget.

Performance Report is a report that is generally served each month and follow a standardized

form that is specially designed to simplify management perform internal control. The hallmark of

the report is that the report of the implementation can demonstrate variance between actual

results and budgeted standards and demonstrate significant variants that need to be examined

carefully.

2. Method



485

Development of e-LAKIP method is to use the method of gradual development. This

method is the development of applications using a method of analysis, design, initial

construction is done in stages. In addition it must continue to adapt to the latest LAKIP

regulations.

Once the application is deemed complete e-LAKIP the required testing applications also

gradually, while continuing to monitor the development of regulatory LAKIP itself. Improvements

are also needed for the application problems that arise during the course of the test can be

resolved. Further dissemination to introduce e-LAKIP to his benefit by relevant government

agencies at the central and local levels. By some regions because they were chosen for testing

the implementation of e-LAKIP. The selected area is an area that has a low or even not having

LAKIP in the previous year.

As a material consideration which areas are selected for testing, it is used the results of

the performance evaluation provincial government in 2011 issued by the Ministry of

Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform. (KemenPAN and RB) as shown in the following table.

Table 1. Provincial Government Performance Evaluation Results of Year 2011

PROVINCE CRITERIA

Central Java B

East Kalimantan B

Total 2

Bali CC

DI Yogyakarta CC

DKI Jakarta CC

West Java CC

East Java CC

West Kalimantan CC

South Kalimantan CC

Riau Islands CC

Moluccas CC

Nusa Tenggara Barat CC

Nusa Tenggara Timur CC

Riau CC

North Sumatra CC

West Sumatra CC

North Sulawesi CC

South Sumatra CC

Central Sulawesi CC

Total 17

Aceh C

Banten C

Bengkulu C

Gorontalo C

Jambi C

Central Kalimantan C

Bangka Belitung Islands C

Lampung C

Papua C

West Sulawesi C

South Sulawesi C

Total 11

Average C

* Province into a list that does not exist does not make LAKIP in 2011




486

**Sources. Website of Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform

(www.menpan.go.id)

The area that became the locus of activity in the year 2012 is as follows: Riau Islands

(Batam City), Central Kalimantan (Palangkaraya), NTB (Mataram), Southeast Sulawesi

(Kendari), Bangka Belitung (Bangka), Bali and Sumatra Province South (Palembang). There

was also the BPN (National Land Agency) Central Kalimantan, and Central Bangka regency

(Koba) being added as it directly came to ask the team to do similar activities while in Central

Kalimantan, and the Pacific Islands.

Based on the table above can be seen Riau Islands Nusa Tenggara scored CC, Central

Kalimantan, Pacific Islands earn a grade of C. While Southeast Sulawesi received no value at

all, because it does not send performance reports. That is why those areas were chosen to test

the application of the e-LAKIP (e-performance reports).

3.Discussion

Application Performance Accountability preparation of reports based Electronic

Government (e-LAKIP) is a web-based computer application that was built to facilitate the

preparation of the Government Performance Accountability Report (LAKIP). Which to base

policy are contained in the Presidential Instruction No. 7 of 1999 on Government Performance

Accountability, Decision of the Institute of Public Administration 239/IX/6/8/2003 Number of

Performance Accountability Reporting Guidelines for Government Agencies, PERMENPAN

Number: PER / O9/M.PAN/5/2007 General Guidelines on Establishment Environmental Key

Performance Indicators in Government, PERMENPAN No. 13 of 2010 on the Implementation

Evaluation of Performance Accountability in 2010, PERMENPAN No. 29 Year 2010 on

Guidelines for Designing and Establishing Performance Reporting and Performance

Accountability Government.

LAKIP itself is based on the achievement of: strategic objectives, as well as performance

indicators and targets, central government agencies (Ministries / Agencies and Non Ministry)

and regional (provincial and district / city), which is then evaluated by the Ministry of PAN and

RB. Therefore we need a proper strategic planning carried out by the leadership of the agency.

If traced back, Presidential Decree No. 7 of 1999 on Government Performance

Accountability, here the government would like to encourage all government agencies to

change the orientation from output to outcome orientation or often called accountability for

performance (performance accountability). But the effort was not shown the desired results

though have started to prioritize the reform of the bureaucracy. LAN The results in 2006 showed

there were weaknesses in the management of implementing the Government Performance

Accountability System. Bappenas Research also shows that management weaknesses in the

process of government at central and local agencies. Management considered the activities of

clerical, administrative, and clerical work, so it tends to be a routine without any attempt to make

innovative changes.

Application of e-LAKIP has been built by the Center for Research and Development of

Information Systems and Automation Administration (Center for SIOAN) since 2009 are

adjusted to prevailing regulations. Along with the publication of PerMenPAN No 29 of 2010,

then the application must be rebuilt to conform with these regulations. With so applications that

previously had built previously unusable.

Development of e-LAKIP aims to simplify the compilers LAKIP in preparing its report. In

this application has been prepared sample report can be used as a reference. This application

also allows them to collect data from each unit of work (work units), and can also be used as a

tool condition monitoring agency performance every unit active role in updating their data.

Application of e-LAKIP present an application that has been customized with the latest

regulations and also accommodates the desire of prospective users of these applications, as

they will later use. Therefore, after a series of small-scale trials aimed to see if the application is

running well or not, it is to apply the e-LAKIP to several local elected as national trials. Testing is

done by entering the appropriate data, to be made a report.

http://www.menpan.go.id/



487

Because the application is web based, it needed an internet connection to run. Originally

there was a network and internet connection, the application can run. Similarly, data

collaboration (data synchronization), much more practical and easier if web-based. Some users,

demanding web-based for ease of internet and network connections.

Applications that can facilitate the compilers LAKIP certainly still has its own drawbacks.

For application development is still needed to be more superior and easy to use. As a step to

further development, the feedback from the users of the application are needed, in addition to

compliance with the application functionality itself LAKIP functions must coexist.

According Indriantoro and Supomo (1999), the study can be seen as a process that

includes two stages: discovery and problem solving. With identify / locate the problem of e-

LAKIP it is expected to find a solution to these problems.

Causing factors of the failure of the implementation of applications found in the field are: a

culture that does not change, employee mental quitter, erroneous thinking, systems and rules

for enterprises that do not support, demanding perfection right now, Want 100% fitting suit, No

Way adjust to the new system. Hence, the implementation of e-LAKIP through socialization

needed to suppress the failure of implementation, and discover problem of e-LAKIP which then

will be refined gradually.

3.1. System Design

In the initial design of the system development performance reports, applications adapt the

system to the Republic of Indonesia Presidential Decree No. 7 of 1999 on Government

Performance Accountability, and the head of National Institute Of Public Administration decision

No. 239/IX/6/8/2003 on drafting guidelines for reporting performance accountability of

government agencies, in which there are:

3.1.1.1. A description of the vision and mission of the organization

3.1.1.2. A description of the goals, objectives, and factors - a key factor in the

success of the organization

3.1.1.3. A description of how to achieve the goals and targets set by policies,

programs, and activities / activities of the organization, taking into account the duties

and functions of the organization.

3.1.1.4. Plan of action (PA) description of the activities carried out while also

filling the budget and human resources required.

In the initial design of these data have been entered into a database application will be

processed again. Because they have not made a report, the report was made separately and

the resulting data have been incorporated into the re-application should be copied into the

report. Standardization of the supporters of both application and user management application

tailored to the conditions at the time, but have started a web-based.

Configuration required on the server side is as follows.

3.1.2.1. Operating System (OS) can use MS Windows2000/2003/XP or GNU

Linux

3.1.2.2. Apache Web server version 1.3 and above

3.1.2.3. PHP version 4.1.2 and above

3.1.2.4. mySQL release 3.23

While on the client side is required

3.1.2.5. Operating System (OS) running MS Windows or GNU Linux

3.1.2.6. Web Browser is recommended to use Microsoft Internet Explorer Ver.6,

Netscape or Mozilla Ver.1 Ver.6 for perfect results

3.1.2.7. Client must be connected to the server using TCP-IP to access the web

server.

3.2. Advocacy System

After further development of the early stages of application testing deemed necessary by

providing advocacy to several agencies to further an important input in the development of the

next system. During the process of advocacy, the system continues to be developed because of

the demand by government agencies while advocating that further simplifies application.




488

The warm welcome given by some agencies on the system being developed and look

forward to future work together to implement the system at the institution. Web-based

application already, but it is still in the testing phase so as to advocate for the agency performed

offline. Direct input to refine the application is also given, in addition made a request to the

portal so that the system can be accessed online.

In the final stages of the advocacy process systems, application development was

completed. The system is made more attractive appearance, and made simpler time used by

the user. It is expected that these applications can help the system LAKIP preparation areas

faster and more scalable. To standardize the peripheral devices are as follows


3.2.1. Operating System (OS) can use MS Windows2000/2003/XP or GNU

Linux

3.2.2. Apache Web server version 1.3 and above

3.2.3. PHP version 4.1.2 and above

3.2.4. mySQL release 3.23


3.2.5. Operating System (OS) running MS Windows or GNU Linux

3.2.6. Web Browser is recommended to use Microsoft Internet Explorer Ver.6,

Netscape or Mozilla Ver.1 Ver.6 for perfect results

3.2.7. Client must be connected to the server using TCP-IP to access the web

server.

3.3. Redesign System

The new regulations relating to the preparation of the accountability of government

agencies, namely the State Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reforms No. 29 Year

2010 on Guidelines for Designing and Establishing Performance Reporting and Performance

Accountability Government, to create applications that have been built previously unusable. To

further that the application should be redesigned to fit the new regulations. The new regulations

require to make a report to make it more simple but the element of performance accountability

should be more visible.

The redesign of the system was carried out in early 2011. The system is built is more

oriented towards the head of the reporting. For that is designed so that once the data is entered

the user will be able to perform application report generation. In the system created a report

template whose contents can be changed to further the user can adjust the characteristics of

each institution. It also provided for monitoring the archives menu or view reports that have

been made in the following year. Of course with this new design is expected that the

preparation of the report can be done more quickly and in accordance with applicable

regulations.

Changes made in the simplification of the system is the use of the application, report in

accordance with the new regulations that consists of 4 chapters that previously consisted of 7

chapters, filing annual reports into the system, and user settings. Here is the outline set out in

the Minister of State for Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform No. 29 of 2010:

3.3.1.1. CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION: In this chapter outlined the

organizational overview report and other introductory overview.

3.3.1.2. CHAPTER II - PLANNING AND CONTRACT PERFORMANCE: In this

chapter summarized some important things in the planning and performance

agreements (document setting performance).

3.3.1.3. CHAPTER III - PERFORMANCE ACCOUNTABILITY: In this chapter

described the achievement of organizational goals reporting, the disclosure and

presentation of results of performance measurement.

3.3.1.4. CHAPTER IV – FINAL

3.3.1.5. APPENDIX



489

Another addition is the protection of the programming can not be changed so hopefully

that will be able to interfere with applications that have been developed. To standardize the

peripheral devices are as follows


3.3.2.1. Operating System (OS) can use MS Windows2000/2003/XP or GNU

Linux

3.3.2.2. Apache Web server version 1.3 and above

3.3.2.3. PHP version 5.2.x

3.3.2.4. mySQL version 3.23

3.3.2.5. zend optimizer 3.3.x


3.3.2.6. Operating System (OS) running MS Windows or GNU Linux

3.3.2.7. Web Browser is recommended to use Microsoft Internet Explorer ver.7,

Netscape or Mozilla Ver.6 latest version for perfect results

3.3.2.8. Client must be connected to the server using TCP-IP to access the web server

To accommodate the aspirations of the institutions that have been advocated previously,

then prepared a portal for e-LAKIP accommodate and provide news about e-LAKIP, and from

then on it was also the use of the word e-LAKIP replace the use of the word SILAKIP previously

used for such applications. Pad the originally performed the installation into the server with a set

menu application exercises, manual, and installation applications for some advocacy agency

has ever done before.

3.4. Dissemination System

After the design of the system is completed, the next step is to introduce a broader

application by doing Dissemination. The aim is to enhance the capability and capacity of

Application Performance Accountability Report Based Electronic Government (e-LAKIP),

spreading the use of e-LAKIP (provincial and district / city), as well as advocating technical

implementation of e-LAKIP operated Internet based (WEB), both central government agencies

(Ministries / Institutions and Non-Institutions Ministry) and local government (provincial and

district / city).

At the time of dissemination systems invited several agencies to introduce e-LAKIP. From

here obtained constructive feedback to improve e-LAKIP in order to adjust the organizational

structure of the agency. While these criticisms may also report template that has been designed

to make it look more attractive and more to accommodate the data that has been entered, and

ability to create reports an institutional level. Display trying to build a portal that also have to be

more able to accommodate enter the required information about the e-LAKIP and appear more

attractive, and hope the future can be used more widely.

Furthermore, the system re-adjusted based on the results of dissemination has been done.

E-LAKIP designed simpler and can accommodate up to level institutions. Template of the report

is also packed more simple and attractive so that it can facilitate the process of tidying up the

document reports. Portal also not miss the addition, whether the information displayed and the

display of the portal itself. After sufficient to widely introduced then begin introducing to some

areas and also introduced to the Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform.

3.5. Socialization System

Socialization system to coincide with the development of e-LAKIP portal which will be used

nationally. In the socialization process is still expected to be valuable input from local agencies

visited for the development of e-LAKIP next. The nature of socialization to technical guidance,

the practice of direct use of e-LAKIP so it can directly interact with the user and can identify

problems encountered in the process.

The area that became the locus of activity in the year 2012 is as follows: Riau Islands

(Batam City), Central Kalimantan (Palangkaraya), NTB (Mataram), Southeast Sulawesi

(Kendari), Bangka Belitung (Bangka), Bali and Sumatra Province south. There was also the

BPN (National Land Agency) Central Kalimantan, and Central Bangka regency (Koba) being




490

added as it directly came to ask the team to do similar activities while in Central Kalimantan,

and the Pacific Islands.

Technical issues that often arise during the activity areas are as follows:

3.5.1. Technical problems of data entry.

3.5.2. Internet network connection problems.

3.5.3. Problems display applications.

3.5.4. Problems draft reporting.

During the activity can be a solution found some problems while making activity can be

going according to plan, and participants can understand the technical use of the application to

carry out their duties.

Apart from these problems there are also problems associated with the government

agencies themselves as noted earlier, namely the preparation of the vision, mission, main tasks,

functions that are not in line with central agencies due to lack of coordination of the leaders.

There was also caused by moving staff, as each transferred employee does not lose his

knowledge was, in this case the compiler LAKIP. The authors LAKIP sometimes also required

to make strategic targets, performance indicators, and the other based solely on activities that

have been carried out by the agency. Should the activities of government which must refer

these things so that accountability of agency performance can be seen with either.

3.6. The Next Development

For further development, it's good to add some application development that is not only

limited to the reporting alone but can be used as a tool for performance monitori leaders office.

Moreover, it can be made container so the assessment team can quickly evaluate the

performance reports as well. For that there are some things that can be done, such as:

3.6.1. Adding content to record a performance comparison of quarterly

monitoring measures.

3.6.2. Adding content to evaluate agency performance every five years.

3.6.3. Adding content to the digital signature which is of course related to the

password.

3.6.4. Adds the ability level so that the user can in one database

4. Conclusions

The concept of e-government aimed at improving the quality of government services to

their stakeholders (citizens, businesses, and industry), especially in terms of performance

effectiveness and efficiency in various areas of national life. E-government itself is a

manifestation of the concept of good government are in the process of its implementation

emphasis on providing services to the people through the public goods and services. In this

case e-LAKIP of the concept of e-government development intended to improve services in

terms of performance accountability reporting agencies. Based on the e-LAKIP expected to be

used by all government agencies that facilitate the preparation of reports and can make budget

savings, at least report making budget savings.

The Indonesian government has issued instructions of President of the Republic of

Indonesia (Presidential Decree) No. 7 of 1999 on Government Performance Accountability

(AKIP). Presidential mandates all government agencies as an element of the state government

to take responsibility for the implementation of the duties and functions, as well as resource

management authority on the basis of a strategic plan established by each agency.

Accountability is realized in the form of Government Performance Accountability Reports

(performance reports) were submitted to superiors respectively, Agency Oversight and

Accountability Assessment, and finally submitted to the President as the Head of Government.

The report describes the performance of government agencies concerned with the Government

Performance Accountability System (SAKIP).



491

By using the method of gradual development, application development is done by the

analysis, design, construction is expected to start e-LAKIP can be used by government

agencies. Besides constantly adjust to new regulations that LAKIP e-LAKIP development in line

with regulations.

Development of e-LAKIP aims to simplify the compilers LAKIP in preparing its report. In

this application has been prepared sample report can be used as a reference. This application

also allows them to collect data from each unit of work (work units), and can also be used as a

monitoring agency performance condition every unit active in updating their data. Further, the

application is made on the basis of the web that will make it easier to collect all data units in

each government agency.

Because the application is web based, it needed an internet connection to run. Originally

there was a network and internet connection, the application can run. Similarly, data

collaboration (data synchronization), much more practical and easier if web-based. Some users,

demanding web-based for ease of internet and network connections.

In practice, the development of NIPA’s e-LAKIP done gradually and constantly monitor

regulatory changes. At the time of initial system design e-LAKIP adjust the Republic of

Indonesia Presidential Decree No. 7 of 1999 on Government Performance Accountability, and

the head of National Institute Of Public Administration decision No.239/IX/6/8/2003 on drafting

guidelines for reporting performance accountability of government agencies as a whole, but

there is a part that has not directly focused on the preparation of reports. After that advocate for

introducing e-LAKIP the first to use the term SILAKIP. From here there is a desire from users to

be able to direct the preparation of reports and further simplify the e-LAKIP.

With the release of the new regulations that the State Minister of Administrative and

Bureaucratic Reforms No. 29 Year 2010 on Guidelines for Designing and Establishing

Performance Reporting and Performance Accountability Government, e-LAKIP must take to

adjust to the changes. In other words, e-LAKIP applications that have been built previously

unusable. Then the application was redesigned. Upon completion re-dissemination is carried

out to improve the capability and capacity of Application Performance Accountability Report

Based Electronic Government (e-LAKIP), spreading the use of e-LAKIP (provincial and district /

city). Then the portal is also designed to store all the data from e-LAKIP to be used by

government agencies.

After the application is deemed complete e-LAKIP the required testing applications also

gradually, while continuing to monitor the development of regulatory LAKIP itself. Improvements

are also needed for the application problems that arise during the course of the test can be

resolved. Further dissemination to introduce e-LAKIP to his benefit by relevant government

agencies at the central and local levels. selection of certain areas for testing the implementation

of e-LAKIP deemed necessary as a test e-LAKIP applicable so as to feel their emergence. The

selected area is an area considered to be assisted in the preparation of performance reports

from their agency.

Development of e-LAKIP not stop there, because there will always be changes in

regulation and the ability of the system to be upgraded. For that there are some things that can

be done, such as:

4.1. Adding content to record a performance comparison of quarterly monitoring

measures.

4.2. Adding content to evaluate agency performance every five years.

4.3. Adding content to the digital signature which is of course related to the password.

4.4. Adds the ability level so that the user can in one database

In addition to e-LAKIP enhanced portal e-LAKIP also be improved also contain important

information about the e-performance reports and performance reports.

5. References

Aplikasi Berbasis Web atau Desktop ?, available online

(http://goongbusiness.com/in/article-bebas/194-aplikasi-berbasis-web-atau-desktop-

.html , accessed on 29 June 2012 )




492

Definisi dan Manfaat Utama E-Government 2007. available online

(http://rifaiza.wordpress.com/2007/08/15/definisi-dan-manfaat-utama-e-government/ ,

accessed on 3 July 2012)

Definisi dan Manfaat Utama E-Government 2007. available online

(http://rifaiza.wordpress.com/2007/08/15/definisi-dan-manfaat-utama-e-government/ ,


E-Government Concept In Indonesia: Menuju Pemerintahan Yang Transparan,

Bersih, dan Berwibawa. available online (http://www.goechi.com/egovernment.html,


E-Government Concept In Indonesia: Menuju Pemerintahan Yang Transparan,

Bersih, dan Berwibawa. available online (http://www.goechi.com/egovernment.html,


Hasil Evaluasi Kinerja Pemerintah Provinsi tahun 2011. available online

(http://www.menpan.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=116:hasil-

evaluasi-akip-prov-2011&catid=44:akuntabilitas&Itemid=95, accessed on 14

September 2012)

Indriantoro, N dan B. Supomo. 1999. Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis untuk

Akuntansi dan Bisnis. Yogyakarta: BPFE

Lagard, Binslev. 2006. Organizational Theory. Denmark: Ventus Publishing ApS.

Lembaga Administrasi Negara. 2009. Advokasi dan Instalasi software sistem

laporan akuntabilitas kinerja instansi pemerintah (SILAKIP). Jakarta: Lembaga

Administrasi Negara.

Lembaga Administrasi Negara. 2009. Buku Referensi Perancangan

Pembangunan Teknologi Informasi Pemerintah Daerah (Local e-Gov Grand Desain).

Jakarta: Lembaga Administrasi Negara.

Lembaga Administrasi Negara. 2009. Modul – Modul Manajemen Kinerja.

Jakarta: Lembaga Administrasi Negara.

Lembaga Administrasi Negara. 2010. Kajian Pengembangan Parameter

SILAKIP. Jakarta: Lembaga Administrasi Negara.

Lembaga Administrasi Negara. 2011. Diseminasi e-LAKIP(Laporan Akuntabilitas

Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah Berbasis Elektronik). Jakarta: Lembaga Administrasi

Negara.

Mustopadidjaja AR. 2003. Manajemen Proses Kebijakan Publik. Jakarta: LAN-

Duta Pertiwi Foundation

Nurcahyo, 4 Januari 2011. Prinsip Dasar Laporan Kinerja Dan Analisis Varians

Pada Anggaran Perusahaan. available online

(http://paknurcahyo.wordpress.com/2011/01/04/prinsip-dasar-laporan-kinerja-

dan-analisis-varians-pada-anggaran-perusahaan/, accessed on 4 July 2012)

Sedarmayanti. 2001. Sumber Daya Manusia dan Produktivitas Kerja. Bandung:

Mandar Maju

development of e lakip lan witra

Education