development of an experiential humanitarian engineering pilot program
DESCRIPTION
Development of an Experiential Humanitarian Engineering Pilot Program. Henry Louie, PhD * Steve Szablya, PE ** * Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ** Facilities Services Seattle University. Spring/Summer 2011. Funding Sources. SU Global Grant: $9,524 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Development of an Experiential Humanitarian Engineering
Pilot ProgramHenry Louie, PhD*
Steve Szablya, PE**
*Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering**Facilities ServicesSeattle University
Spring/Summer 2011
Funding Sources• SU Global Grant: $9,524• SU Endowed Mission Fund: $6,000• Community Solutions Initiative: $3,000• Professionals without Boundaries: $3,000
Total Funding: $21,524
Dr. Henry Louie 2
Program Goals
1. Develop a humanitarian engineering curriculum and supporting educational materials
2. Increase Seattle University faculty experience and capability in humanitarian engineering projects and in experiential teaching techniques
Dr. Henry Louie 3
Program Goals
3. Expose students through immersion to global humanitarian challenges, and empower them to work toward solutions, culminating in an experiential service experience
4. Strengthen bonds with local and international organizations and communities
Dr. Henry Louie 4
Approach• Discussion Sessions• Workshop Sessions• Immersion
Dr. Henry Louie 5
Discussion Session Details• Held Weekly• 45 minutes in duration• Developed slides• Recommended reading
Dr. Henry Louie 6
Discussion Session Topics• Session 0: Information Session• Session 1: Introduction to Humanitarian Engineering• Session 2: Fundamentals of Wind Energy• Session 3: Energy Poverty• Session 4: Opportunities and Roles of Engineers in
Developing Self-Sustainable Communities*
• Session 5: Micro Credit*
• Session 6: Generator Basics• Session 7: Trivia
Dr. Henry Louie 7
*Guest Speaker(s)
Discussion Session Participation
Number of Attendees• Session 0: 23• Session 1: 22• Session 2: 17• Session 3: 19• Session 4: 8 (evening meeting)• Session 5: 16• Session 6: 16• Session 7: 8 (last week of quarter)
Dr. Henry Louie 8
Average Attendance: 16
Workshop Session Details• Held Weekly• Saturday Mornings• +4 hours in duration• SU Carpentry Shop• Supervised work• Included professionals
Dr. Henry Louie 9
Workshop Session
Dr. Henry Louie 10
Workshop Session• Special Topics:
Shop Orientation Aerodynamics Welding
Dr. Henry Louie 11
Immersion Trip Participants• Dr. Henry Louie (Faculty)• Steve Szablya (Staff)• Vincent Van Acker (Volunteer)• Ayesha Pirbhai (Student)• Josh Peavler (Student)• Karim Farraj (Student)
Dr. Henry Louie 12
13
Case Study: Zambia
+12 million people• 25% have electricity• per capital energy use: 3.3% of USA
+8 million live in rural communities 50% of rural population have electronic devices
• 4% have access to electricity• Average income: US$5.30/day
14
Case Study: Zambia
Case Study: Zambia
15
What we Brought• Rotors• Stator• Hub assembly• Tools• Misc. Electronic Components
Dr. Henry Louie 16
Our Goals• Determine feasibility of building generator• Make blades, tower• Field test
Dr. Henry Louie 17
Packing
Dr. Henry Louie 18
Immersion Itinerary• Seattle-Lusaka• Lusaka-Livingstone• Livingstone• Chobe (Botswana)• Chikuni• Monze/Lusaka• Chikuni• Lusaka• Lusaka-Seattle
Dr. Henry Louie 19
ZAMBIA
Dr. Henry Louie 21
Dr. Henry Louie 22
Dr. Henry Louie 23
Dr. Henry Louie 24
X Chikuni
Lusaka
Livingstone
230 miles
Dr. Livingstone I presume?
Dr. Henry Louie 25
Dr. Henry Louie 26
Dr. Henry Louie 27
Sunset on the Zambezi
Dr. Henry Louie 28
Safari in Botswana
Dr. Henry Louie 29
Dr. Henry Louie 30
Dr. Henry Louie 31
Dr. Henry Louie 32
Dr. Henry Louie 33
Dr. Henry Louie 34
Dr. Henry Louie 35
Dr. Henry Louie 36
Dr. Henry Louie 37
Dr. Henry Louie 38
Dr. Henry Louie 39
Dr. Henry Louie 40
Dr. Henry Louie 41
Dr. Henry Louie 42
Getting Around
Dr. Henry Louie 43
Our Workshop• No power tools• No lighting
Dr. Henry Louie 44
Fr. Bert’s Wind Turbine
Dr. Henry Louie 45
Where the Wind Blows…
Dr. Henry Louie 46
Option 2
Dr. Henry Louie 47
Dr. Henry Louie 48
Option 3
Wind Speed Measurements• Used local knowledge
to screen locations• Near continuous
readings from 8am to 6pm for 2 days
• Did not record during evening Safety Generally low wind
speed
Dr. Henry Louie 49
anemometer
100
inch
es
And the winner is…
Dr. Henry Louie 50
Dr. Henry Louie 51
X 450 ft
Wind turbine location
Prevailing Wind
Dr. Henry Louie 52
Wind Speed Measurements (Monday/Tuesday)
Dr. Henry Louie 53
0 5 10 15 20 250
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
15-minute average wind speed (mph)
occu
rrenc
es
0 5 10 15 20 250
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
15-minute max wind speed (mph)
occu
rrenc
es
Maximum ValuesAverage Values
Wind Speed Measurements (Friday/Saturday)
Dr. Henry Louie 54
0 5 10 15 20 250
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
instantaneous wind speed (mph)
occu
rrenc
es
Instantaneous Values
Blades• Obtained two 100”
boards• Designed for three 60”
blades
Dr. Henry Louie 55
100 inches
4 foot blades vs. 5 foot blades• Perceived Advantages
Available Easier to construct Cheaper Less weight Faster rotation? Less structural stress
• Disadvantages Reduction of power by 36%
Dr. Henry Louie 56
312
pAP C v
Difference in swept area
5 ft
4 ft
Blades• About 15 person-hours
per blade
Dr. Henry Louie 57
Blades
Dr. Henry Louie 58
Blades
Dr. Henry Louie 59
Blades• Completed blades
Dr. Henry Louie 60
Generator Assembly• Parts premade in Seattle• Assembled in Chikuni, Zambia
Dr. Henry Louie 61
Ready for Assembly
Dr. Henry Louie 62
Generator
Blades
Hub
Assembled Wind Turbine
Dr. Henry Louie 63
Tower• 2.5” diameter steel
borehole pipe• Allowed generator to
rotate (yaw)• Used in water
boreholes• Commonly available• Length: 6m
Dr. Henry Louie 64
Generator assembly
Tower Raising• 3-4 people can lift• Without blades: 60 lbs• With blades: 75 lbs• Lowering is difficult
Dr. Henry Louie 65
Tower Support
Dr. Henry Louie 66
Before After
Removed section
Tower Raising
Dr. Henry Louie 67
cows
Tower Raising
Dr. Henry Louie 68
Tower Support• Two motorcycle tie downs • Nylon rope
Dr. Henry Louie 69
Yaw/Furl • Wind turbine naturally
furls in high wind• Used ropes to yaw
wind turbine
Dr. Henry Louie 70
Yaw/Furl
Dr. Henry Louie 71
Furled Position Facing into the Wind
Charging Circuit
Dr. Henry Louie 72
Va VbVc n
Generator
shortto stop turbine
+
- 12Vbattery
switch
3-phase rectifier
Charging Circuit
Dr. Henry Louie 73
Wind Speed vs. RPM
Dr. Henry Louie 74
0 5 10 15 20 250
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
instantaneous wind speed (mph)
RPMLarge variation due to inertia of blades
Wind Speed vs. TSR
Dr. Henry Louie 75
0 5 10 15 20 250
1
2
3
4
5
6
instantaneous wind speed (mph)
TSR
Very lowTSR, efficiency
Reshaping the Blades
Dr. Henry Louie 76
Inefficient Leading Edge
ReshapedLeading Edge
Wind Speed vs. RPM
Dr. Henry Louie 77
0 5 10 15 20 250
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
instantaneous wind speed (mph)
RPM
Wind Speed vs. TSR
Dr. Henry Louie 78
0 5 10 15 20 250
1
2
3
4
5
6
instantaneous wind speed (mph)
TSR
ImprovedTSR, efficiency
Simulated vs. Actual• Volts per Hz
Simulated: 1.06 Measured: 1.07
• Cut-in RPM Simulated: 85 RPM Measured: 85 RPM
Dr. Henry Louie 79
Performance Data• Idle: 11 mph• Cut-in (battery charging): 15 mph• Max RPM tested: 330 rpm• Maximum instantaneous power output: 75 W• Continuous power output: 5 W
Dr. Henry Louie 80
Lessons Learned• Feasibility of in-country blade and tower
construction proved Balancing blades is difficult
• Matching blades and generator is critical High starting torque needed Very low TSR caused very low efficiency
• Generator as built is too powerful• Security is a challenge
Dr. Henry Louie 81
The Market for Electricity
• Cell Phone Charging: With charger: 1000 Kwacha (US$ 0.20) With shop charger: 1500 Kwacha (US$ 0.30)
• Car Battery Charging: 2500 Kwacha (US$ 0.50) Charged overnight
• LI cellular phone battery capacity: 5 Wh Cost per Wh: US$ 0.04
82
Back-of-envelope calculation:
• Village size: 1000 people• Percent with cellular phones: 15• Charge Frequency: 1/week• Charges per day: 21• Energy required: 105 Wh per day• Wind turbine capacity factor: 15%• Wind turbine size: 30 W• Income: US$4.20/day• Payback time on $500 investment: 120
days83
700W Wind Turbine Costs
• Pipe: $78• Wood: $13• Wire: $0.32/m x 250m = $80 • Magnets*: 24 x $15 = $360 • Resin*: $80 • Hardware*: $130• Rectifier*: $7• Battery: $125• Metal Parts*: $450• Electrical*: $20
84
* Price in the U.S.
Total: US $1343
Cost Considerations• Does not include tools, labor• Price of rare earth magnets increasing and
volatile• Resins, magnets not easy to find• Too big, expensive• Micro loans generally are $500 or less
85
Next Steps• Design 100 Watt wind turbine• Test deploy• Engineer tower structure• Continue to work with local community• Promote as a business opportunity
Dr. Henry Louie 86
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00Time [ms]
-20.00
-15.00
-10.00
-5.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
Y1
[V]
0.00
25.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
125.00
Mov
ing1
.Pos
ition
[deg
]
Maxwell3DDesign2XY Plot 1 ANSOFT
Curve Info Y Axis
Moving1.Position Moving1.Position
InducedVoltage(A_Phase) Y1
InducedVoltage(B_Phase) Y1
InducedVoltage(C_Phase) Y1
Speaking at the Boy’s School
Dr. Henry Louie 87
Dr. Henry Louie 88
Dr. Louie Doing What He Does Best
Dr. Henry Louie 89
A Physics Lesson at the Girl’s School
Dr. Henry Louie 90
National University of Zambia
Dr. Henry Louie 91
Dr. Henry Louie 92
Dr. Henry Louie 93
Acknowledgements• Seattle University Office of Global Engagement• Seattle University Endowed Mission Fund• IEEE Power & Energy Society Community
Solutions Initiative• Engineers without Borders Puget Sound
Professional Chapter
Dr. Henry Louie 94
Videos• Raising The Turbine in Chikuni, Zambia(255.5M)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qOQk6gl7O8 • Wind Turbine and Electrical Setup in Chikuni,
Zambia(27.1M)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EO38Mo_WJdk • The Wind Turbine Spinning in Chikuni, Zambia(57.87M)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ9U7uz8onk • Electric Braking During High Speed Operation in Chikuni,
Zambia(59.45M)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faBwLgE4NE0 • Alternate View of the Turbine Configuration from the bottom
of Dam in Chikuni, Zambia(53.72M)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qv4B7zy08w
Dr. Henry Louie 95
S C I E N C E A N DE N G I N E E R I N G
Henry Louie, PhDAssistant Professor
Department of Electrical andComputer Engineering901 12th Avenue, Bannan 219P.O. Box 222000Seattle, WA 98122-1090www.seattleu.edu
Tel: (206) 398-4619Fax: (206) [email protected]
COLLEGE OF