development of alternative and sustainable substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · development of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for
Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery Crops
James Altland USDA-ARSJames Altland, USDA ARSJames Owen, Jr., Oregon State Univ.
Cheryl Boyer Kansas State UnivCheryl Boyer, Kansas State Univ.
![Page 2: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Pine and Douglas fir barkPine and Douglas fir bark
• Primary component of nursery crops inPrimary component of nursery crops in U.S.– 60% to 80% of substrate
• Excellent substrate
• Used for many yearsUsed for many years– Research– Grower knowledgeGrower knowledge
![Page 3: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Pine and Douglas fir barkPine and Douglas fir bark
• Decreasing availability, increasing priceDecreasing availability, increasing price– More bark diverted for fuel in mills– Less forestry activityy y
• Energy Independence Security Act of 2007gy p y– Goal of 36 billion gal. ethanol by 2022– Pres. Obama elevated goal to 60 billion gal. by
2030– Wood, from southern pine, is viewed as the most
likely source of ethanollikely source of ethanol.
![Page 4: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Substrate sourcesSubstrate sources
• Waste materials are no longer ‘waste’Waste materials are no longer waste
C titi f i d t i l d i lt l• Competition for industrial and agricultural waste products.
• “No more free carbon”• Dr. Will Britton
![Page 5: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Substrate teamSubstrate team• James Altland
– Agronomic biomass crops– Chemical and physical properties– N dynamics– N dynamics
• James Owen– Woody biomass– Water, nutrient use efficiency
• Cheryl Boyer– Invasive weed biomass– Invasive weed biomass
• Charles Gilliam– Pine biomass
• Glenn Fain– Floriculture
![Page 6: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Substrate teamSubstrate team
• OthersOthers– Robert Wright VA Tech.
Brian Jackson NC State– Brian Jackson NC State– Ted Bilderback NC State
Eugene Blythe Miss State– Eugene Blythe Miss. State– Anthony Witcher USDA-ARS
![Page 7: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
New substrateNew substrate• Regionally abundant/availableg y
• Affordable
• Effective
• Manageable with current technology
• Inventory is controlled by nursery producer.
![Page 8: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Source materialsSource materials
• Biomass or biofuel cropsBiomass or biofuel crops
H t bl i i d• Harvestable invasive weeds
• Forest biomass
![Page 9: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
•Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)
•Native perennial grass.
•Technical resources.
•2 to 6 ton/acre
•$4 to $6 per yd3•$4 to $6 per yd3
![Page 10: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Giant miscanthus
Sterile hybridy
10 to 15 ton/acre
Not as widely grown…yet
![Page 11: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bamboo (Phyllostachys)Bamboo (Phyllostachys)
•Grows in Ohio
•grows better further south
•Yield is unknown
•Trials just started
•Invasive?
•Gregarious flowering
![Page 12: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Eastern red cedar•Juniperus virginiana
Eastern red cedar
•Native to eastern seaboard
•Prairie fires kept ERC at bay i th tin the past.
•Now a nuisance species that has become invasive.
•Control only by fire or manual removal.
![Page 13: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Willow
•Biofuel crop in NY.Biofuel crop in NY.
•5 to 10 ton/acre/year
•3 year rotation cycle
•Technical resources.
![Page 14: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Pine based alternativesPine based alternatives
• Various wood products have beenVarious wood products have been researched in the Southeast
Clean Chip Residual– Clean Chip Residual– WoodGro®
WholeTree™– WholeTree™
Courtesy of C. Boyer
![Page 15: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Overall approachOverall approach
• Identification of raw materialsIdentification of raw materials
• Processing raw material into usable• Processing raw material into usable substrate
• Short-term evaluations
• Long-term evaluations
![Page 16: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Progress to dateProgress to date• Many short-term trials:y
– Effect of processing on physical properties– pH dynamics– Ca Mg and Fe nutrition– Ca, Mg, and Fe nutrition– Weed control– Water use efficiency
Si il bilit– Si availability– Susceptibility to pathogens– N dynamicsy
• Long-term trialsCh i h i l ti ti– Change in physical properties over time
![Page 17: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Physical propertiesPhysical properties• Air space, container capacity, bulk
d itdensity• Matric and hydraulic properties
• Chipped materials– Coarse (0.25 to 1.5 in)– Filler
• Hammermill– Particle size distribution similar to pineParticle size distribution similar to pine
bark– Requires only small levels of
amendment
![Page 18: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Owen et al., unpublished
![Page 19: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Water Use Efficiency in CCotoneaster
a
![Page 20: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Plant growthPlant growth
• Broad spectrum of plant speciesBroad spectrum of plant species– Unique substrate requirements
• Difficult to provide a substrate ‘recipe’
• Substrate empirical propertiesp p p– Allows substrate tailoring.
![Page 21: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Chinese Pistache 2009
Low fertilizer High fertilizerLow fertilizer High fertilizer
20% C 80% C 5% C 20% C 80% C0% C 10% C 40% C 0% C 10% C 40% C5% C
![Page 22: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Baldcypress 2009C=CedarC Cedarall have 20% sandRemainder is Bark
Low fertilizer High fertilizerLow fertilizer High fertilizer
20% C 80% C 5% C 20% C 80% C0% C 10% C 40% C 0% C 10% C 40% C5% C
![Page 23: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
NitrogenNitrogen
• N dynamics in switchgrass substratesN dynamics in switchgrass substrates differ from pine bark.
• Develop N application methods to it li diffcapitalize on differences.
![Page 26: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Nitrogen leaching from PB or SG substratesNitrogen leaching from PB or SG substrates
800
600700800
/L)
PB low
300400500
tal N
(mg/ PB-low
PB-highSG-lowSG hi h
0100200To
t SG-high
08/6 8/13 8/20 8/27 9/3 9/10
Pine bark : switchgrass
![Page 27: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Cultural practices - fertilizationCultural practices fertilization
• Fertilizer placement affects weed growth.– Topdress– Dibble– Incorporate
![Page 28: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
SummarySummary
• Variety of materials and concepts areVariety of materials and concepts are being developed.
• Will focus on 2 or 3 concepts next year.
• Still evaluating long-term stability of these g g ymaterials.
![Page 31: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Challenges of industry driven researchChallenges of industry driven research
• Desire for immediate resultsDesire for immediate results
D i t j i h d fi t ith id• Desire to jump in head first with new ideas
• Don’t mess with my recipe!
![Page 32: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Advantages of industry driven researchAdvantages of industry driven research
• Great source for ideasGreat source for ideas
P id ti• Provide perspective
• Increase our chances for adoption
![Page 33: Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for … · 2010-03-30 · Development of Alternative and Sustainable Substrates for Container Nursery CropsContainer Nursery](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f25718940a4126eda3135bb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
QuestionsQuestions
• Funded by–Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative
–Horticulture Research InstituteHorticulture Research Institute