development of a regional well rehabilitation and replacement … · 2016. 11. 8. · development...
TRANSCRIPT
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Development of a Regional Well
Rehabilitation and Replacement
Program
Russell J. Kyle, MS, PG, CHG
GEOSCIENCE Support Services, Inc.
Scott Rogers, PE
Riverside Public Utilities Water Division
American Water Works Association
California-Nevada Section
Annual Fall Conference 2014
Reno, Nevada
October 21, 2014
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Overview
• Background & Purpose
• Well Evaluation
– Preliminary Condition Ranking
– Final Rehabilitation Ranking
– Relevance to System
• Recommendations
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Background
• City of Riverside
– Population of 300,000
– 65,000 customer services
– 72 square miles
– Demands
• Maximum Day: 89 MGD
• Average Day Demand: 59 MGD
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Background
• City of Riverside
– Supply
• Groundwater Primary Supply
• Water Independency Importance
• Metropolitan Water District Alternative Supply
– Supply Costs
• $200 to $400 per acre-foot from groundwater
• $800 to $1,000 per acre-foot from MWD
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
City Wells and Well
Fields
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Well Rehabilitation andReplacement Program
• Declining Production
Total Well Capacity
Year Percentage of Design Capacity
Annual Decrease
2009 79 % 6%
2010 74% 3%
2011 72% 3%
2012 69% 2%
2013 68% ?
Why develop a program?
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Well Rehabilitation and Replacement Program
• Declining Water Tables
Why develop a program?
Location2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Average 2009-13
Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall
Bunker Hill -2.3% 3.0% -8.1% 1.1% 3.7% -0.4% -7.7% 0.2% -5.1% ? -3.9% 1.0%
Colton basin 1.9% 8.9% 0.5% -1.6% 7.3% 0.2% -4.5% -0.7% -2.3% ? 0.6% 1.7%
Riverside North -3.6% -0.3% 24.5% 3.0% -61.9% -22.2% -10.0% -3.4% -11.1% ? -12.4% -5.7%
Riverside South 1.2% -0.1% 1.8% 0.7% -4.4% 0.6% -0.2% -1.6% -1.9% ? -0.7% -0.1%
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
• Assessment of Existing Well Conditions– Age
– Materials
– Methods of Construction
• Budget, budget, budget
• Proactive Well Maintenance
Why develop a program?
Well Rehabilitation andReplacement Program
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Purpose and Scope
• “Develop a Plan for Well Rehabilitation and
Replacement that Ensures Adequate Ground
Water Supply to Meet Future Demands”
– Review and Summarize Well Historical Data
– Develop Well Rehabilitation, and
– Well Replacement Priority List
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Type of Wells by Construction Method
41 Wells (66%)
Cable Tool
1 Well (2%)Mud Rotary
20 Wells (32%)Fluid
Reverse Circulation
Rotary
66% of All City Wells were
Constructed by Cable Tool Methods
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Type of Wells by Steel Type
66% of All City Wells were
Constructed of “Hard Red”
and Kai-Well Steel
26 Wells (42%)
Red Steel
15 Wells (24%)
Kai-Well Steel
18 Wells (29%)
Mild Steel
3 Wells (5%)Copper-
Bearing Steel
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Wells by Age
14%(<20 Years
Old)
18%(20-40
Years Old)
15%(40-60
Years Old)17%
(60-80 Years Old)
36%(80-114
Years Old)
53% of All City Wells are Over
60 Years Old
Garner 1 and 4 are 115 Years Old!
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Purpose
“Develop a Plan for Well Rehabilitation and
Replacement that Ensures Adequate Ground
Water Supply to Meet Future Demand”
– Review and Summarize Well Historical Data
– Develop Well Rehabilitation and Well Replacement Priority List
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Data Review and Well Histories
• Data Types Reviewed
– Downhole Video Survey Logs
– DWR Well Completion Reports
– City Records• Water Levels (static and pumping)
• Production
• Prior Well Rehabilitation Efforts
– CDPH Water Quality Database
– Drilling Companies
• Well Histories Summarized in Comprehensive Data Sheet
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Down Hole Video Surveys
• Used To Assess Condition of Casing And Screen– Verify Construction Details
• Casing and Screen Depths• Perforation Type• Reducers• Liners & Patches
– Encrustation and Clogging– Locate Ruptures– Floating Turbine Oil– Debris in Well– Identify Areas for Sidewall
Sampling
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Driller’s Logs
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Summary of Well Construction,
Condition, and Operational
Details
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Decision Tree for Well Rehabilitation or Replacement
Well Rehabilitation and Replacement Decision Tree
DEFINE PROBLEM
Score and Rank Well ProblemsAccording to Weighted Criteria
High Score = Numerous ProblemsLow Score = No Problems
Well Information Data Sheet
Probability of Successful Rehabilitation / Repair?
Y
N
Reasonable Cost of Rehabilitation / Repair?
Y
N
Consider Well Rehabilitation
High Relevancy to the System?
N
Consider Well Replacement
Y
GEOSCIENCE Support Services, Inc. 23-Dec-13
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Ranking Matrix Methodology• Develop Scoring Criteria
– Construction
– Physical Inspection
– Operation alConcerns (i.e., Water Levels and Specific Capacity)
• Scoring (0-3)
• Weighting Factor (1-3)
• Preliminary Condition Score and Rank
– Highest Rank Equates to Most Problematic Well
• Final Rehabilitation Score and Rank
– Probability of Successful Rehabilitation (Higher = More Successful)
– Rehabilitation Cost (Higher = Less Expensive)
– Cost for Repair (Higher = Less Expensive)
• Total Score and Final Rehabilitation Rank
– Higher Rank is Problematic Well with Greatest Chance of Successful, Low-Cost Rehabilitation
• Relevancy to System Overlay
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Preliminary Condition Ranking• Construction:
– Well Age– Well Casing and Screen Steel Type– Well Screen Perforation Type– Remaining Well Life– Potential for Underdevelopment
• Physical Inspection:– Structural Issues– Risk of Collapse– Casing Ruptures and/or Holes– Fill Present in the Well– Biofouling and/or Mineral Encrustation
• Operational Concerns:– Specific Capacity Trends– Water Levels within the Well Screen– Pumping of Sand and/or Gravel
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
Dis
char
ge R
ate
, gp
m
Spe
cifi
c C
apac
ity,
gp
m/f
t
Discharge Rate and Specific Capacity
Electric Street Well
Discharge Rate
Specific Capacity
Attach
men
t D
May 2007: Bottom of Well Plugged at 305 ft bgs
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Preliminary Condition Matrix Scoring• Scoring Criteria
– Construction
– Physical Inspection
– Monitoring
• Scoring (0-3)
– 0: No Problem
– 1: Mild Problem
– 2: Moderate Problem
– 3: Severe Problem
• Importance (Weighting) Factor (1-3)
– 1: Low Importance
– 2: Medium Importance
– 3: High Importance
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Preliminary Condition Matrix Scoring
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Steel Types
• Hard Red (pre-1942)
• Kai-Well (post-1945)
• Mild
• Copper-Bearing
• High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA)
• Stainless Steel
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Expected Well Life by Steel Type
Steel Type Expected Well Life (Years)
Hard Red & Kai-Well (Cable Tool) 10-100+
Mild Steel (Wire-Wrap) 10-15
Mild Steel (Pipe-Based) 20-30
Copper-Bearing 30-45
High-Strength Low-Alloy (Corten) 45-60
304L Stainless 75-90
316L Stainless 90+
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Mineral Encrustation
Encrustation in Russell C Well(Likely Calcium Carbonate)
• Well Screen / Near-Well Zone
• Factors
– Water Chemistry
– Operation (Excessive Drawdown)
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Corrosion
Garner B Well
EnlargedPerforations
Hole in Casing
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Corrosion
Twin Springs Well
Severe Corrosion
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Clogged Mill Slots Due to Corrosion
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Biofouling inGarner B Well
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Casing Alignment
Twin Springs Well
Severe Dogleg
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Discharge Rate and Specific Capacity
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Water Levels within the Screen
Top of Perforations
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Pumping Test Analysis
Very LowWell Efficiency
Design Drawdown
DesignDischarge
Rate
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Operational Concerns
When Wells Are Pumped
Continuously,In Some Cases Cementation Occurs In The
Near Well Zone
Increasing Well Losses
Cementation in Near-Well
Zone
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Mo
st P
rob
lem
atic
Leas
t
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Final Rehabilitation Ranking
• Probability of Successful Well Rehabilitation and/or Repair– Degree of Structural Problems– Degree of Biofouling and/or Mineral Encrustation– Stable Water Levels?
• Rehabilitation Cost– Rehabilitation Impossible– Chemical and Mechanical– Mechanical Only– Brushing and Disinfection
• Cost of Repair– Liner with Artificial Filter Pack– Liner Only– Casing Patches– No Repair
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Final Rehabilitation Matrix Scoring• Scoring Criteria
– Probability of Successful Well Rehabilitation and/or Repair
– Rehabilitation Cost
– Repair Cost
• Scoring (0-3)
– 0: Worst Case
– 1: Moderate Case
– 2: Mild Case
– 3: Best Case
• Importance (Weighting) Factor (1-3)
– 1: Low Importance
– 2: Medium Importance
– 3: High Importance
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Final Rehabilitation Matrix Scoring
• The “Kill Switch”:
– A Well Found to Have a High Risk of Casing Collapse
Was Scored “0”, Dropping it to the Bottom of the
Ranking Table and Flagging it for Future Replacement
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Cum
ulat
ive
Co
st In
Tho
usan
ds O
f Do
llars
Th
ou
san
ds
Of
Do
llars
Cumulative Cost
Typical Costs For Well Rehabilitation
Add ~$50,000 for acid treatment
Add ~$10,000 for Well Patch1
Add ~$175,000 for Well Liner21 5 ft, 16-inch HSLA 2 800 ft, 14-inch x 5/16-in. wall HSLA
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Final Ranking
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Worst Condition, Highest Probability of Successful Rehab at Relatively Low
Cost
Minimal or No Rehabilitation Recommended
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Relevance to the System
• Relevance to the System is an Overlay that Takes
into Account Criticality of Each Well to System
– Required Input from City Planners & Operators
– Scoring 0-3 (3 = Highly Relevant)
• Examples:
– Well Provides Feedwater to Treatment Plant
– Well is Critical to Meeting Demand in Particular Area
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Results
• Well Rehabilitation Ranking Table
– Not Static and Will Require Periodic Update
• Changing Hydrogeologic Conditions
• Changing Demand
• New Data
• Increasing Age of Wells
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Results – Russell CCriteria Score Score Description Basis
Age 1 Mild Problem 10-30 Years
Potential for Being Undeveloped 2 Moderate Problem Mud Rotary
Steel Type 3 Severe Problem Mild Steel
Perforation Type 3 Severe Problem Mild Steel Wire Wrap
Remaining Life 2 Moderate Problem 25-15 Years
Structural Issues 1 Mild Problem Exfoliation of Steel / Telescoping
Risk of Collapse 1 Mild Problem Exfoliating Casing / Minor Holes
Biofouling / Encrusting 3 Severe Problem Perforations Largely Obscured / Major Drop in Specific Capacity
Casing / Screen Ruptures or Holes 1 Mild Problem Minor Structural Issues
Fill 0 No Problem <10 ft
Pumping Sand or Gravel 1 Mild Problem Minor or Sporadic
Water Levels Below Screen 0 No Problem -
Specific Capacity Trend 0 No Problem No Trend
Problem Weighted Score = 43Preliminary Rank = 41 of 60
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Results – Russell CCriteria Score Score Description Basis
Probability of Successful Rehabilitation 0 High Risk of Well Collapse / Low Probability of Success
Mild Steel Wire-Wrap / Aggressive Rehabilitation Needed
Rehabilitation Cost 0 Rehabilitation Impossible Severe Clogging
Cost for Repair or Liner 3 No Repair Required Mild Steel
Total Score = 0
Final Rank = 46 of 60 (Lowest Rank Possible)
“Candidate for Replacement”
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Results – Moore GriffithCriteria Score Score Description Basis
Age 3 Severe Problem >50 Years
Potential for Being Undeveloped 1 Mild Problem Cable Tool
Steel Type 1 Mild Problem Hard Red / Kai-Well
Perforation Type 2 Mild Problem Mills Knife
Remaining Life 3 Severe Problem <5 Years
Structural Issues 1 Mild Problem Steel Exfoliation
Risk of Collapse 1 Mild Problem Exfoliating Casing
Biofouling / Encrusting 2 Moderate Problem Some Perforations Covered / Tubercles
Casing / Screen Ruptures or Holes 0 No Problem No Holes
Fill 2 Moderate Problem 20 – 50 ft
Pumping Sand or Gravel 2 Moderate Problem Pump Replacements / Repair
Water Levels Below Screen 1 Mild Problem Pumping Levels at Top of Screen
Specific Capacity Trend 0 No Problem No Trend
Problem Weighted Score = 45Preliminary Rank = 38 of 60
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Results – Moore GriffithCriteria Score Score Description Basis
Probability of Successful Rehabilitation 3 Significant Improvement Possible Stable Water Levels and Specific Capacity but Declining Yield
(Well Losses)
Rehabilitation Cost 1 Chemical and Mechanical Rehabilitation
-
Cost for Repair or Liner 2 Patch Patching of Enlarged Perforations May be Necessary
Total Score = 4,050
Final Rank = 4 of 60Enlarged Mills-Knife
Perforation
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Recommendations
• Long-Term Plan to Maintain Ground Water Supply
– Annual Well Rehabilitation Program
– Annual Well Replacement Program
– Ranking Table Updates
• Rigorous Ground Water Monitoring
• Ground Water Management
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Well Maintenance and Replacement
• Operational
– Avoid Long Idle Time
– Avoid Continuous Operation
• Well Rehabilitation
– 2 to 10 per year (Depending on Steel Type)
• Well Replacement
– 1 to 2 per year
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Rigorous Monitoring
Develop an Ongoing Methodology to
Monitor Key Well Parameters to Ensure or
Improve Ground Water Supply and Minimize
Well Rehabilitation or Replacement Efforts
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Recommendations
Determine and Meet Sustainable Yield
• Annual Extractions That:
– Do Not Exceed Recharge on Long-Term Basis
– Do Not Permanently Lower The Water Table to an
Undesirable Level
– Do Not Allow Degradation of Water Quality
– Do Not Create Subsidence
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Sustainable Yield Example
RECHARGE = 100PUMPING = 200
STORAGE CHANGE = - 100
Long Term Pumping Greater Than RechargeExceeds Sustainable Yield
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
Sustainable Yield Example
RECHARGE = 100PUMPING = 200
STORAGE CHANGE = 0
Artificial Recharge Increases Sustainable Yield
ARTIFICIALRECHARGE = 100
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AWWA Annual Fall Conference 2014 – Reno, Nevada
• Annual Meeting
• Analysis of Hydrographs
• Recommended Pumping Schedule
• Ground Water Basin Model
• Annual Report
• Constant Updating of Pumping Schedule
• Update Rehabilitation and Replacement Ranking Every ~5 Years
Water Audit
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Questions?