development of a human being part ii. development of a human being
TRANSCRIPT
1ST MONTH ¼th inch,1/1000th oz. heart, lungs & spinal cord are forming.
Heart beats on the 25th day.
4 WEEK EMBRYO
5 WEEK EMBRYO
2ND MONTH1/30th oz, 1 to 1 &1/2 inches, limbs, eyes, milk teeth, major divisions of the brain, skin, all organs developing.
3RD MONTH1 oz and 3 inches in length, fingers, toes, open & close mouth,
heart fully formed, movement can be felt, called a fetus
4TH MONTH6 oz, 4 inches, lanugo (fine hair) forms over the body,
swallowing and sucking reflexes,
sex is identifiable, grab with hands.
5TH MONTH1 lb, 8 to10 inches, nails, scalp hair, heart beat can be heard with a stethoscope,
skin is translucent.
6TH MONTH12 inches, 2 lbs, kicks, finger prints & foot prints, covered with vernix, mother can feel the fetus move freely.
7TH MONTH3 lbs, 14 to 16 inches, fat layer forms, hiccup, cry, and suck thumb, eyes are open, surfactant is produced to prepare the lungs to breathe at birth.
8TH MONTH18 inches, 5 lbs, extensive brain growth, hair, kidneys are mature. All internal organs are finishing development.
9TH MONTH18 to 22 inches, 6 to 9 lbs, lungs are mature, internal organs have developed enough to function on their own,
very little amnion fluid, maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus to fight disease and infection.
1ST MONTHno weight gain, menstrual cycle stops, placenta produces HCG, breasts become tender and may swell, morning sickness – digestive system slows
down, hormones change, good to exercise, stop drinking alcohol,
smoking and taking drugs. Check with her doctor for common
ailments and medications.
2ND MONTH
little weight gain, urinates more frequently, same as 1st month
3RD MONTHWeight gain 2 to 3 lbs, increase of blood volume 30% to 40%.
4TH MONTHWeight gain: 3 to 4 lbs, total 5 to 7 lbs, increase vaginal fluids, itchiness
5TH MONTHWeight gain: 3 to 4 lbs, total 8 to 11 lbsColostrum – produced to prepare for
nursing,
6TH MONTH
Weight gain: 3 to 4 lbs, total 11 to 15 lbs
nipples darken as blood vessels come closer to the surface of the skin
increased blood pressure & nose bleeds
stretch marks.
7TH MONTH
Weight gain: 3 to 4 lbs, total 14 to 19 lbs
may feel fetal respiration – hiccups muscle cramps – legs, heart burn
and indigestion.
8TH MONTH
Weight gain: 3 to 5 lbs, total 17 to 24 lbs
water retention, constipation, & hemorrhoids.
Naval sticks out.
9TH MONTH
Weight gain: 3 to 6 lbs, total 20 to 30 lbs
urinates frequentlymuscle fatigue, Pituitary Gland produces oxytocin that starts the uterine contractions.
1ST STAGE
Phase 1 – effacement contractions start. Time can vary.
Approximately an hour apart and gradually quicken. The cervix flattens out.
Water breaks – amnion sac breaks & cervical plug comes out.
Phase 2 – dilation the cervix is stretched apart 8-10 centimeters
2ND STAGE - BIRTHForceful contractions, 2-3 minutes
apartEpisiotomy – incision made from
vagina towards anus to enlarge opening for baby
Baby is being born
BIRTH
3RD STAGE – AFTER BIRTH
Labor begins again and the remains of amnion, umbilical cord & placenta are forced out of body
Stitch mother up
AFTER BIRTH
Conditions that have aided birth
processThe vagina (birth canal) is extremely
elastic.Ligaments (connects bone to bone) in the
mothers pelvis soften.The bones in the babies head have not
fully fused together and compress slightlyThe baby breathes through the umbilical
cord until it is born.
Cutting the cordNasal and throat passages are cleared once the head has cleared the mothers body and start the breathing process.
At Birth:Give baby physical (APGAR Test) Check:
color, respiration, heart rate, etc.Clean baby and give to the mother and
fatherTake footprints – 3 copies: permanent
records, hospital and home copyPlace medicine in eyes and on body to
prevent infection during child birthPlaced in recovery room to monitor pulse,
temp, HR, respirationWeigh and measure
Baby:Put in nurseryAt first the baby will loose weight – must rely on its
own organs for nourishment and eliminate waste.I will take 6 to 8 weeks for the mothers uterus and
menstrual cycle to return to normal.Crying is its’ most important way of
communication: there are different types of cries: hungry, hurt, TLC, etc.
The sex organs my be swollen when a baby boy is first born
Eyes may change color over time
HEAD FIRST BIRTH (CEPHALIC PRESENTATION)
Normal face down birth, umbilical cord goes past the hips and legs.
SPONTANEOUS ABORTION (miscarriage)The fetus is forced out of the mothers body
before it is developed enough to survive.Up to 50% of the zygotes do not become
implanted into the uterusMany different reasons: drugs, genetics,
previou miscarriages, accident, placenta detaches or umbilical cord collapse, disease, etc.
1 out of 6 couples have trouble with pregnany.
Premature BirthBorn before full termOften multiples
STILL BIRTHBaby is delivered deadReasons: genetics, oxygen cut off,
disease, drugs, etc.
BREECH BIRTHFeet first or buttocks first birth – the
head comes out lastProblems could be if there is not
enough room & it could get stuckBlood supply in the umbilical cord
may become cut off or it may become wrapped around the neck or twisted
CAESARIANThe fetus is surgically removed from
wombDoctor make a 4 to 6 inch surgical
cut through the skin, abdomen and uterine wall
It take about 5 to 10 minutes for the baby to be born and 20 minutes to an hour to stitch her back up again.
It is major surgery and has a higher risk of infection and complications.
Reasons for a C-Section:Baby is to big or pelvic girdle too
smallBaby is breechMother is sickMother has disease (AIDS, herpes –
30% increase, etc)Long – tough laborAddiction to drugsMother has an accident
FRATERNAL TWINS
Each has own amniotic sac, umbilical cord, placenta2 eggs and 2 sperm cells – have different genetic material
IDENTICAL TWINS
1 egg & 1 sperm cleaves and separates forming 2 identical zygotesMust be the same sex, genes, everything physical is the sameEach has its’ own umbilical cord, amniotic sac, may or may not be shared
FRATERNAL TRIPLETS3 eggs fertilized by 3 different spermEach has its won amnion, umbilical cord and
placentaEach have its own genetic material
Combination Triplet
2 eggs, 2 sperm,1 zygote develops normallyThe other zygote forms and identical
twin2 must look alike, the other is a
fraternal zygote
MULTIPLES
2 Identical and 2 Fraternal
IDENTICAL TRIPLETS
1 egg cell, 1 sperm cellDuring cell division it separates
forming an identical twinOne of those zygotes develops
normally and the other separates again
Each has its own umbilical cord and amniotic sac
Must look alike
SIAMESE TWINS(Conjoined Twins) Share common body
part
Amniocentesis4 tablespoons of amniotic fluid is
drawn to check for chromosomal abnormalities, metabolic disorders & defects (genetic diseases) 6th to 10th week.
Used with ultrasound – check the position of fetus
Sonogram(Ultrasound) uses sound waves to
determine size and position of fetus
Chorionic Villi Sampling (CVS)8 weeksIs a early test to reveal chromosomal abnormalities.
A small amount of chorionic tissue in the placenta is removed and grown in a lab and analyzed
Ectopic PregnancyImplantation of a fertilized egg in the
fallopian tubesMedical emergency – death of
mother (hemorrhage)
LamazeMost common taughtControlled breathing techniques to
cope with laborNatural child birthDrug / Substance Free
The Bradley MethodNatural Child BirthDrug / Substance FreeTuning into own body
AlcoholFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)Physical, mental and behavior
abnormalities
TobaccoPremature or low birth weightMothers more likely to have
miscarriage or stillbirthsDangers because of second hand
smoke
Caffeinerisk of birth defects and other
problems
STD’spassed to fetus 20% to 30% of time
Blood during labor – episiotomy/ c-section
Treatment to reduce risk
HIV - all mothers are tested along with doctor’s pregnancy test
Radiationdirect exposure can result in deformityDental x-rays not to worry Other – use radiation shield
Breastfeeding Benefits – Baby
Gastrointestinal problems, respiratory problems, ear infections, protect from Developing Allergies, boost intelligenceMay protect against obesity, Leukemia, type I diabetes, High Blood Pressure, SIDS, osteoporosis
Benefits to the Mother
NO sterilizing bottles, formula to buy or mixNursing burns calories – mother looses weight
soonerStimulates uterus to contact to original sizeEncourages mother to restLow Cost