development in air pollution data collection in europe
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Development in Air Pollution Data Collection in Europe. Hans Eerens Introduction Establishment European Environmental Agency (EEA) and its Topic Centres A common European Environmental Information system (EIONET): Air Quality (and Emission) database through AIRBASE - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Development in Air Pollution Data Collection in Europe
Hans EerensIntroductionEstablishment European Environmental Agency (EEA) and its Topic Centres A common European Environmental Information system (EIONET): Air Quality (and Emission) database through AIRBASEPresentation of data: Air Pollution Indicators & Urban Air Pollution Integrated Assessment of Air Pollution & Climate Change: the next steps
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Introduction: Development European Community Legislation Around 1975:EC establish an air pollution expert working group: Gathering urban air quality data (mostly SO2), main focus on QA/QC of measurement methods and site selection1979: Legal structure EoI (Exchange of Information) directive: Member states selects a representative number of measurement stations to EC, EC stores data and yearly report data80s: Directives for SO2 and particles, Lead and NO21990: EoI directive ends 10 year period, new EoI needed countries decide to continue on a voluntary basis, development of Girafe (Guide of Air Quality Monitoring Networks in Europe)
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Introduction: Development European Community Legislation1992: Ozone directive1996: Air Quality Framework adopted: general principles for pollutant directives set1997 new EoI adopted, all measurement stations that measures a component on the list (.. Components) has to be reported (in 2001 amended)1998 EU provides countries with DEM, a data exchange module to convert national data to Airbase, EEA starts to provide yearly Air pollution reports based on the data provided.
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Introduction: Development European Community Legislation1999: First Daughter directive adopted (PM10, So2, No2, lead)2000: Second daughter directive: CO and Benzene2001: Third Daughter directive: Ozone2001: Emission Directive (NEC): SO2, NOx, VOC, NH3 national emission ceilings for 2010 set2001: CAFE (Clean Air For Europe) is launched: a thematic strategy is foreseen for 2004coming up: Daughter directives for PAHs and heavy metals (Ni, Cd, As, Hg)
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Introduction: SummaryMonitoring and reporting air emissions and air quality data is required under
CLRTAP protocolsEU legislation (air quality/emission Directives)UNFCCC
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Background EEAA European Union institutionEstablished by EU RegulationStaff: about 80Budget: ca. 20 M EuroSeat: Copenhagen EEA home page: www.eea.eu.int
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The EEA missionThrough the provision of timely, targeted, relevant and reliable information to policy making agents and the public, the EEA aims to help achieve significant and measurable improvement in Europes environment
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EEA member and partner countriesEU Member States+ Norway Iceland Liechtenstein
+East Europe, Malta, Cyprus(members in 2001)
NIS
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ETC/ACC: general informationEstablished April 2001 for three yearsLead organisation: RIVM, the NetherlandsAround 10 -15 man year/yearSuccessor of two ETCs: Air Emissions and Air QualityFocus on Air Pollution and Climate Change
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ETC/ACC: A truly European consortium Lead organisation: National Institute of Public Health and Environment (RIVM) 12 Partners: UBA- Berlin, Germany IIASA, Austria NILU, Norway UBA- Vienna, Austria AEAT, United Kingdom AUT, Greece CHMI, Czech Republic ICCS-NTUA, Greece DNMI, Norway SHMU, Slovakia TNO-MEP, The Netherlands ko-Institute, Germany
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ETC/ACC: Vision and PrioritiesPartnership with countries and stakeholdersConsolidate monitoring workSupport Air Pollution and Climate Change PoliciesEnhance linkages between air emissions and air qualityExplore cross-benefits between Climate Change and Air Pollution policies
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Integrated Assessment (ACC)energytransportindustryagriculturetourismEconomy & populationDPSCO2GHGSO2NHxVOCPM10NOxPM10O3NO2SO2PM10O3NO2SO2 EmissionsAir qualityregionalurbanIRHealthEcosystemsMaterialsECCPCAFE
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Practical aspects - Air EmissionsIndicator reportsGuidebookReporting software:CollectERReportERInternet data service
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Practical aspects - Air qualityIndicator reportsGuidance documentsEUROAIRNET monitoring networkAIRBASE information systemAQ-DEM reporting softwareModel Documentation SystemInternet data service
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Country Support Tools for Air QualityDatabaseAirbaseWeb based applications (etc-acc.eionet.eu.int) :AIRVIEWMDS (Model catalogue)(ON LINE OZON WEBSITE)PC-application:DEMv5
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EIONETEEA supports and helps improving and streamlining national reportingAssessment and reporting is carried out in close contact with national coordination centers and expertise centers(meetings, workshops, informal contacts)
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Emissions
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emissions
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Emission: obligations
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Greenhouse gases: Distance-to-target (1999)
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AIRBASEAQ Data collection based on Exchange of Information Decision (EoI)pan-European Metadata of air quality measurement stations in Europe (information about networks, stations and measurement configurations)Air quality measurement data (raw data, statistics) of more than 30 countriesavailable to general public
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Access to AIRBASE
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1995-1999
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AIRVIEW Facilitates interactive access to AIRBASE
Visualisation of data in the form of maps, graphs or tables
Java based applet application
http://www.etcaq.rivm.nl/databases/airview.html
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Airview
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Airview
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Airview
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Airview
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Airview
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Airview
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Weekday dependence of ozone concentrationscan provide information concerning the effect of emission reductions on Ozone
NMVOC and NOx emissions are ca 30 % lower during weekend days than during working days
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The Ozone weekend effect
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The Ozone weekend effect
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Average rural ozone trends are upward
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Urban ozone trends are more positiveO3 trends all stations > 5 full years051015-15-10-5051015trend (%/y)urbanrural
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High exceedances are going down
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Ozone summary (1994-2000) 50 P98 P# stations (> 1my) 17871788> 5 monitoring years 645 645
upward trend 127 13downward trend 11 165
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Exceedance days Ozone (1994-2000)180(1h)110(8h) 65(24h)
# stations(>1my) 186818041745> 5 mon years 664 586 592
upward 6 15 53downward 131 131 83
zero 87 3 0
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DEM (Data Exchange Module)Facilitates data transmission from countries to AIRBASEPC-application Add, modify and delete meta information on AQ networks, stations and measurement configurationsVisualise imported dataGenerate reports giving an overview contained in application
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DEMTransmitting the database through Internet (Ftp) for incorporation in Airbase
Next cycle, next year: The DEM is sent to the countries; the DEM is pre loaded with all actual meta information of AIRBASE. The countries are asked to correct and complete the meta information and to add the data of the last year
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DEMExchange of Information Decision 97/101/EC (from 2002: 2002/752/EC)
Directive 92/72/EC (Ozone)
EEA-Euroairnet
EMEP Task Force Measurement and Modelling
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Summary: Country Support Tools for Air Quality Accessible by WebsiteURL: etc-acc.eionet.eu.intInteractive access to AIRBASE (Airview)Download DEMInformation
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ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
representative transparentdistinctiveconsistent within DPSIR-chaintarget value
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Air Pollution Indicators Building blocks for:Environmental Signals report of EEAsectoral reports (TERM, EERM)Kiev report (ministerial conference)Air Quality & Air Pollution reports...
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Air Pollution Indicators Core set-pressure:emissions acidifying pollutantsemissions ozone precursursemissions prim & sec PM10
emissions SO2, NOx, VOC, NH3
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Air Pollution Indicators Core set-impact & response (under development):human health exposure and risk by air pollution
effectiveness policy response SO2 and NOx
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Industry sector
-60%
-50%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Added Value
Energy Use
Acidifying substances
Tropospheric Ozone Precursors
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Urban ozone (8h>110 ug/m3)
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Urban SO2
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Urban PM10
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Urban Air Pollution: exceedance of Limit Values (LV)
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Integrated Environmental Assessment - Framework Driven by policy questions (GHG MM and CAFE) Covering full DPSIR causality chain focus on sectorsBaseline trends: emerging issues and policy effectiveness Geogr. scope: EU and ACC Time horizon: 2010/2010 (+2050 for CC)
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GHG & S ConcentrationUrban emissionsNational/Regional GHG & SO2 emissions (global)National SO2, NOx, NH3, VOC, PM emissionsImpactsHealthEcosystemsImpactsHealthConcentration/ DepositionBackgroundClimate (change)PopulationUrban ConcentrationImpactsSea levelEcosystemsClimateResponse: . Ancillary benefitscost- & environmental effectivenessInteraction
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Co-benefits Climate Change
Spill-overs
Spill-over effects
SubstancePM10Climate changeAcidification & Trop O3BL-2010DimensionClimateAP NC
0%15%03322Mt2819.0
0%24%17%
0%8%16%
VOC0%0%19.9%
P Index0%0%11.4%1249pressure index1249.0P Index
28%24%7.4%
HMs26%13%0.4%100-87.5HMs61%
PAHs0%18%0.0%5863ton4788.0PAHs3607
Diox/Fur0%27%0.2%4181gram3043.0Diox/Fur2520
Spill-overSpill-OverRemainder
ClimateAcid
AP-NTAP-NTAP-NTBaseline
HM20102010201020101990
Pb11%0%21%662625ton1637461.7793540598523621%
Cd15%0%33%20625ton19723.907766990313933%
Cu11%1%15%145925ton145124.8629198081124615%
Hg14%0%35%22625ton24727.323008849614635%
HMs12.52%0.37%26%100100Weighted137.8730497077
Weights87.11%61.24%
Pb
Cd
Cu
Hg
Chart1
0.1514148104
0.2439227093
0.0803179825
0
0.2387871131
0.1251887908
0.1833532321
0.2721836881
Climate change
Reduction 2010 compared to BL-2010
Co-benefits of climate change
Summary
SPILL OVER EFFECTS IN AP NT (Data used in the graph of paragraph 3.6)
SubstanceUnitBL-2010Emissions after applying measures until 1999 (incl. EURO4) in AP-scenariosEmissions after applying climate change measures only in AP NT scenario%Emissions after applying acidification measures also in the AP NT scenarioEmissions after applying end-of-pipe measures with respect to PM10Benefits from EURO4 etc (in Mt)Billion/MtBillion
Mt33223322281928192819
Mt4.84.83.624.4%2.82.8
Mt7.36.596.08.0%5.55.50.7037.955.5888517.7%
VOCMt7.26.836.80.0%5.75.712.288.63284
P IndexIndex1249124912490.0%1107110711.4%
Kt15831583120523.9%10886467.4%
HMsIndex BL2010=10010010087.512.5%87.161.2x
PAHsKt58635863478818.3%478847880.0%
Diox/FurGram41814181304327.2%303330330.2%
SubstanceUnitBL-2010Emissions after applying measures until 1999 (incl. EURO4) in AP-scenariosEmissions after applying climate change measures only in AP FT scenario%Emissions after applying acidification measures also in the AP FT scenarioEmissions after applying end-of-pipe measures with respect to PM10Comment
CO2Mt33223322306730673067
SO2Mt4.84.84.114.6%2.82.8
NOxMt7.36.596.34.0%5.55.5
VOCMt7.27.27.25.75.7
P IndexIndex12491249124911071107P index mainly depends on non-climate indicators, therefore no major differences are expected.
PM10Kt15831583120523.9%1088646i.e., assumed to be identical to NT-scenario. Spill effect from climate will be lower in reality, but to a limited extent because fuel switch (which has a major impact on PM10 emissions) and the transport scenario are not very different in the FT scenario
HMsIndex BL2010=10010010087.587.161.2same comment as for PM10
PAHsKt58635863478847884788same comment as for PM10
Diox/FurGram41814181304330333033same comment as for PM10
Sheet3
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Distance-to-target (2010) without additional measures
Chart1
UKUKUK0.02
GermanyGermanyGermany-0.02
DenmarkDenmarkDenmark-0.04
GreeceGreeceGreece-0.04
LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg-0.05
SpainSpainSpain-0.07
Total EUTotal EUTotal EU-0.08
FranceFranceFrance-0.11
SwedenSwedenSweden-0.13
ItalyItalyItaly-0.15
FinlandFinlandFinland-0.17
BelgiumBelgiumBelgium-0.21
AustriaAustriaAustria-0.23
NetherlandsNetherlandsNetherlands-0.24
IrelandIrelandIreland-0.26
PortugalPortugalPortugal-0.32
2010 gap in % of 1990
Sheet1
EU Burden sharingScenario with existing p&ms % changegap (MtCO2)gap (in % of 1990)
UK-13%-15%18.52%
Germany-21%-19%-19.4-2%
Denmark-21%-17%-3.3-4%
Greece25%29%-4-4%
Luxembourg-28%-23%-0.6-5%
Spain15%22%-22.8-7%
Total EU-8%0%-320-8%
France0%11%-59.1-11%
Sweden4%17%-9.3-13%
Italy-7%8%-79.3-15%
Finland0%17%-12.8-17%
Belgium-8%14%-24.1-21%
Austria-13%10%-17.6-23%
Netherlands-6%18%-52.9-24%
Ireland13%39%-14-26%
Portugal27%59%-19.2-32%
Sheet1
2010 gap in % of 1990
Sheet2
Sheet3
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EMBED Word.Picture.8
_1060329401.doc
EU: % of urban population exposed in 1995 and 2010
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
PM10
NO2
Benzene
O3
SO2
Pb
CO
1995
2010
_1060965557.doc
EU: % of urban population exposed 1995 and 2010
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
PM10
NO2
Benzene
O3
SO2
Pb
CO
1995
2010
_1060965821.doc
EU: % of urban population exposed to exceedances
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
PM10
NO2
Benzene
O3
SO2
Pb
CO
1995
2010
_1060329248.doc
% of urban population exposed in 1995 and 2010
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
PM10
NO2
Benzene
O3
SO2
Pb
CO
1995
2010
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Visit our websitehttp://air-climate.eionet.eu.int