development genre table

7/29/2019 Development Genre Table

1/9

Year Films Themes Characters Techniques Narrative Audience

Appeal

1920s Nosferatu (1922)

The Golem

(1915)

The Phantom of

the Opera (1925)

Vampire,religious

references

including

crucifixes, blood,

castles, witches,

un-realistic

surreal moments,

darkness

The Golem antihero protect the

Jews of Prague

from persecution.

Supernatural

comes to life.

Tall, made of

stone, elements of

characters from

fantasy film,

hybrid genre. Thisis Propps theory as

he is presented as

a anti hero, which

makes the

audience at first

like him and then

they realise he is

not such a good

person.

Stereotypicalsupernatural villain

in a film.

Rabbi Loew- head

of Jewish

community

powerful, makes

predictions shows

importance of

religion

-Silent movie timeperiod

-Black and white

-Shadows used to

create enigma

-Music throughout

entire film

-Textual information

on screen for

audience to read

-Low camera angles,

mid shots, close ups

and a lot of long

shots

A Golem (a solidlybuilt clay man) is

fashioned to save the

ghetto, but when his

job is done he refuses

to cease existing, and

runs amok through

expressionist sets,

eventually to be

confronted and

defeated by a little girlPropps theory of a

anti hero as he saves

the world however,

then causes disruption

Binary opposition of

good vs. Bad is also

used here as he turns

good but then the little

girl tries to fight him as

he is bad.

The Golem- Uses andgratification theory is

used here as

entertainment to the

target audience who in

these times would be

attracted to horror

films. Also education as

it has a religious

meaning behind it with

golem protectingJewish people.

Equilibrium theory is

used as the narrative in

the beginning as

everything is going in

the right direction by

the Golem helping save

people but then there

is a dis-equilibrium

when he causes amokin the town and then it

is resolved by a young

girl . This creates

enigma code to the

audience as they will

want to watch on to

find out what happens

to the Golem and see if

he gets defeated. This

allows them to followthe narrative

throughout.

Psychological Horror Time Line


2/9


Appeal

1930s Dracula (1931)

Frankenstein

(1931)

The Mummy (1932)

Freaks (1932)

Monsters/

Mummies/

darkness/ tombs/

gothic/sexuality

lesbianism

The mummy -

Ancient Egyptian

characters showing

traditional routes.

Tall, powerful,

dominating.

Propps theory

stereotypically looks

like a villain as

presented as a

supernatural

character however,

although created as

a mysterious villain

we learn he his not

evil which makes

him a prince like

character who goes

to find the love of

his life

Imhotep fictional

characters and

antagonist

This uses Propps

theory as he is the

villain who has been

brought back to life

and disturbs the

narrative

-Slow moving and

atmospheric

- text

-Black and white

-sound introduced

(dialogue, sound

effects, music etc.)

creates tension and

more understanding

for the audience.

Also creates

suspense

- close up shots

used to emphasis

importance of

fearsome character

-shadows

-main character

always in centre of

rule of thirds to

highlight power

TheMummy -The

main action takes

place in Cairo (or

the Universal

backlot's version of

that city) and

revolves around a

mummy who is

brought to life by

the accidental

reading of a spell.

He then hunts down

the reincarnation of

his lost love, only to

be thwarted, and

reduced to the dust

from whence he

came

Binary opposition is

used here as the

mummy is

supernatural

character which is

stereotypically

related with villains

however, he

actually helps the

expedition uncover

the tomb of his

accident love.

This film is a hybrid

genre as it has

elements of

romance in the film

which allows it to

appeal to a mass

audience.

Uses and

gratification is used

in this film because

it entertains the

audience as people

that are interested

in the horror genre

will find this

appealing.

The characters used

in this film allows

them to indentify

the genre of the film

which will enable to

see whether it is

appealing to them.

Also technical codes

allow them to

indentify the genre

due to the mise-en-

scene of the film.


also used as there is

a dis-equilibrium

when the mummy

goes missing and

therefore creates

enigma for the

audience


3/9


Appeal

1940s King of the Zombies

(1941)

Revenge of the

Zombies (1943)

Cat People (1942)

Zombies, death,

living dead, gloom,

haunted mansions

Zombies,

supernatural,

unknown, made up

Propps theory is used

in this film as there isa hero and villain

which are

conventional

characters to a

horror film. However,

binary opposition is

used as the hero in

the film is a little girl,

stereotypically males

are usually the hero

in a film and also sheis a ghostly character

as she is dead but

suddenly comes back

to life to save the

people.

-Black and white

- Shadows to create

suspense and tension

-Low angles connotes

power

-Settings of woodsconnotes unknown

and fear

-Music used to create

a atmosphere

Revenge of the

Zombies -Scott

Warrington and his

hired detective, Larry

Adams, arrive at an

old mansion in themiddle of a Louisiana

swamp to meet his

brother-in-law, Dr.

Max von Altermann

shortly after the

death of Scott's

sister, Lila. Von

Altermann, a Nazi

who has been

creating zombies for

the armies of theThird Reich, has

turned the deceased

Lila into one of the

undead as well, but is

surprised when she

shows signs of free

will and challenges

Max for control over

his zombie thralls

This is Propps theoryas there is a clear

villain within the

narrative and also

within the society at

that time a Nazi was

seen as a villain to

the world.

Revenge of the

zombies-

This is uses and

gratification theory

as it educates the

audience on thecurrent affairs that

were occurring at

that time to do with

the war. This can also

use cultivation theory

as when a modern

day audience

watches the film they

are able to educate

themselves on what

things were likeduring the war.

This also uses

entertainment from

the uses and


as people that are

interested in the

horror genre will be

engaged into the

narrative of thestory.


also used as the

villain is in control of

everything until Lila

shows signs of free

will it creates a dis-

equilibrium in the

narrative as it ruins

his plan as she tries

to control hiszombies which

engages the viewer


4/9


Appeal

1950s The Beast from

20,000 Fathoms

(1953)

The Fly (1958)

Creature from the

Black Lagoon (1954)

The War of the

Worlds (1953) - PG

Science-fiction

elements, aliens,

space, supernatural,

space ships, graphic

Real people, female

shows realism

starting to happen

makes audience

more engaged and

allows them to get

into narrative more

- Colour has been

introduced to allow

more realism and

make the characters

feel they are part of

the narrative-Special effects

included technology

has evolved

-First 3D film

introduced shows

people evolving with

the horror era as

they will find this

more realistic- Establishing shots

to set the scene in

beginning

-Explosions, sound

effects

- high angle shots,

tracking shots

The War of the

worlds -A meteor like

object crash-lands

near the small town

of Linda Rosa. Among

the crowd of curious

onlookers is Pacific

Tech scientist Gene

Barry, who strikes up

a friendship with Ann

Robinson, the niece

of local minister

Lewis Martin.

Because the meteor

is too hot to

approach at present,

Barry decides to waita few days to

investigate, leaving

three townsmen to

guard the strange,

glowing object. Left

alone, the three men

decide to approach

the meteorite, and

are evaporated for

their trouble. It turns

out that this is no

meteorite, but an

invading spaceship

from the planet

Mars.

Hybrid genre of

action, horror and

sci-fi. This helps

appeal to a mass

audience as many

people dont like

horrors are they are

to scary however,

this allows them to

watch it which

expands the horror

genre and it its sales.

Enigma code is used

as there is a mystery

created throughout

the narrative as to

what the spaceship isand where it is going

to take them,

Dis-equilibrium is

also created when

they get evaporated

which makes the

audience want to

watch on and

engages them more

to find out what

happens in the

ending of the film as

it builds up suspense

and enigma.

Uses and gratification

theory is also used as

it allows the

audience to indentify

the different genres

within the film due to

stereotypicalconventions within

the genres used.


5/9


Appeal

1960s Pyscho (1960)

13 Ghosts (1960)

Blood Feast (1963)

Carnival of Souls

(1962)

The Birds (1963)

Supernatural, ghosts,

darkness,

psychological horrors

came about this

time, this unknown,

serial killers

Carnival of souls-

Mary Henry- church

organist and only

survivor of the car

crash at the top.

Suffered from post-traumatic stress

disorder

Stereotypical victim

Demons are

stereotypical

characters used in

psychological

horrors. They are

conventional to the

genre.

-Tracking shots

- special effects car

crashing falling into

water

- special effects text

floating on water-Close up shots to

add emphasis on key

parts to create

enigma and scare

audience

- lighting effects, spot

lighting effects

-Darkness still shots

to create atmosphere

-Extreme close up

-Low angles

-Shadows

Carnival of souls -

Mary Henry is

enjoying the day by

riding around in a car

with two friends.

When challenged toa drag, the women

accept, but are

forced off of a bridge.

It appears that all are

drowned, until Mary,

quite some time

later, amazingly

emerges from the

river. After

recovering, Mary

accepts a job in a

new town as a

church organist, only

to be dogged by a

mysterious phantom

figure that seems to

reside in an old run-

down pavilion. It is

here that Mary must

confront the personal

demons of herspiritual insouciance.

Psychological horror

introduced creates a

sub genre of horror,

allows room for mass

audience.

Enigma code is built

up as there is a

mystery following

throughout the

whole film as

equilibrium is built

up throughout the

film to create a

climax. The dis-

equilibrium is

created when she

wakes up from the

dead but also when

she has to confront

demons which

creates enigma and

allows the audience

to follow the

narrative.

Uses and


as it entertains the

audience and allows

them to indentify

the genre as it is a

new sub genre

created in this era.

Propps theory is

created by

introducing villain

character however,

not a stereotypical

villain as it is a

demon of spiritual

insouciance


6/9


Appeal

1970s The Exorcist (1973)

The Stepford Wives

(1975)

Jaws (1975)

The Texas Chainsaw

Massacre (1974)

Fear of the

unknown,

possession, dark

sexual symbolism,

evil.

Teenagers/children,

psychos. Killers,

violence, slasher

films, gothic, blood

and gore

Leatherface- wears a

mask of human skin,

evil, devil, murders

with a chainsaw

Propps theory

stereotypical villainfor a psychological

horror

--tacking establishing

shots, setting the

scene

-Special effects CGI

and technical

advances inanimatronics

-Digetic and non-

digectic sound music

to add emphasis and

scare audience

makes it more

fearsome. Heightens

drama

-Flash backs

TheExorcist -

A mother begins to

notice strange

unusual behaviour

from her little

daughter. Strangethings start

happening in her

bedroom, like the

bed shaking. In

desperation the

parents seek the help

of a priest. The girl is

possessed and starts

to attack people. The

priest forces the

demon into himself

and then commits

suicide

by jumping out of the

window.Propps theory is

used here as the

daughter is a

stereotypical

psychological villainas she gets

possessed and ends

up killing herself in

the end which

leaves the film on a

cliff hanger for the

audience

Stereotypical

psychological horror

film. Appeals to

audience that enjoy

watching

psychologicalhorrors which is

uses and


as it is entertaining

for the target

audience to watch.

Also it creates

escapism to the

audience as they get

lost within thenarrative.

Climax is built up

within the narrative

which engages the

audience as it

creates enigma.

Propps theory is also

used as there is a

mother in the story

which the theorystates should be

within every

narrative who is in

someway the helper

as she notices her

daughter is

possessed before

anyone else.


7/9


Appeal

1980s Friday the 13th

(1980)

The Shining (1980)

Child's Play (1988)

The Fly (1986

Body horror disease,

decay, mutilation,

violence, blood,

slasher.

Comedy elementsincluded

Chucky (Childs Play)

A violent doll

possessed by a serial

killers soul. Scary

looking, scares on his

face, tells a storyPropps theory not a

stereotypical

psychological villain

as not a real person

however has the

same qualities as

psychological horror.

Binary oppositions of

stereotypical

qualities and non-

stereotypical look ofvillain.

Doll like character

makes it un-realistic

however, due to the

situations taken place

and the killing of so

many people realism

is created.

-CGI and technical

advances developed

through special

effects

-High angle shots to

show victim makes

them look

vulnerable and weak

-Low angle shots of

villain to make them

more powerful

-Fast paced film

-Music during action

scenes build up

tension and

suspense

Childs Play- When

Charles Lee Ray

needs to get quick

escape from cop

Mike Norris, he takes

his soul and buries itinto playful,

seemingly good guy

doll Chucky. Little

does he know a little

boy by the name of

Andy Barclay will be

the new owner of

him soon-to-come.

Charles confides in

Andy while he

commits numerousmurders. Once the

adults accept Andy's

story as truth, it's too

late

Technical codes

appeal to the

audience as more

the technology

evolves the more

the audience will beappealed.

Enigma created

throughout the

narrative engages

the audience as

climax builds up

throughout the play.

Dis-equilibrium is

created when he

becomes a doll andbegins to kill people.

Murder and death

are stereotypical

conventions of a

psychological

horror.

Uses and


also applies as it

uses escapism asthe characters used

are un realistic

however the

atmosphere built up

makes it more

realistic to the

audience. Also

entertainment to its

target audience.


8/9


Appeal

1990s Se7en (1995)-

classification: 18

Wes Craven's New

Nightmare (1994)

Classification:

The sixth sense

(1999)-

Classification:

Funny Games

(1997)-

Classification:

Se7en- Serial Killers,

Murders, Violence,

Dark Humour,

Torture, Ghosts,

Realism, Parody,

Supernatural

Detectives

important, powerful

(low angle shots to

see this), strong

minded witness

crimes that have

been taken out. Tall,

men, strong.

These characters are

non stereotypical to

the horror genre

however, are

stereotypical to the

mystery genre which

is a sub genre of this

film.

Propps theory is used

here as they are the

heros of the film

because they follow

and trace all the bad

things and crimes the

serial killer has done.

-- lighting, dimmed,

creates fearsome

atmosphere

-- flash backs used

-- lashing images

--long angle shots to

show importance and

dominance

--CGI used to create

scene

-- hybrid genres

introduced more

with elements of

actions, romance to

create more of a

narrative for the

audience-Editing used

-non digetic and

digetic sound (gun

shots)used

Se7en -Taking place

in a nameless city,

Se7en follows the

story of two

homicide detectives

tracking down a

sadistic serial killer

who chooses his

victims according to

the seven deadly

sins. Together they

trace the killers every

step, witnessing the

aftermath of his

horrific crimes one by

one as the victims

pile up in rapidsuccession, all the

while moving closer

to a gruesome fate

neither of them

could have

predicted.

Hybrid genre allows

the film to attract

much more viewers

in order to achieve

more sales my

attracting a massaudience.


also used as the

story plot builds up

throughout the

story when they find

all the crimes that

have been carried

out by the serial

killer. The dis-equilibrium happens

when they find

gruesome fate that

couldnt have been

predicted. This is

engaging for the

audience as it is

unexpected which is

usually what horrors

consist of to addmore of an impact

on the audience.

Uses and


is also used to as

they are able to

indentify the events

with the detectives

and follow the

narrative. Also it isentertaining as they

will be engaged


9/9


Appeal

2000s Shutter Island (

2010)

Frailty ( 2001)

Bug ( 2006)

The Living And The

Dead ( 2006)

Paranormal Activity

(2009)

Viruses, Epidemics,

End of world,

Supernatural, Gore,

Teen horror, nature

influences,

Paranormalactivity-

Girl average

stereotypical female,

normal people shows

how time has

evolved using more

realism

Boy- average

stereotypical boy

with his girl friend

This is Propps theory

as they are

stereotypical victim

for a psychological

horror as they are

real life people whichcreate realism to the

audience which

allows them to follow

the narrative and

make them feel more

connected to the

characters within the

film.

This is binary

oppositions as it

shows the realism of

the people against

the supernatural

events that take

place within the film

--High technology to

produce special

effects

-- Tracking shots

gives sense of

immediacy makes

audience feel they

are at the scene

-- Fast, quick scenes

creates tension

makes more of an

impact on what is

going on

-- non digetic sound

of screams and

whispers

Narrative - After a

young, middle class

couple moves into a

suburban 'starter'

tract house, they

become increasingly

disturbed by a

presence that may or

may not be somehow

demonic but is

certainly most active

in the middle of the

night.

This creates enigma

code as they are

unsure of what it isthat is bothering

them in the house

and spirits and ghosts

create enigma

because you cant

see them visually.

This makes the

audience just as

scared as the

characters as they

can connect with the

characters because

they cannot see

who/what is making

these things happen

within the house.

Uses and gratification

is also used to create

escapism for the

audience as they will

feel engaged on thenarrative and it will

take there mind off

Uses and


is used as this film

will entertain a

audience, however,

it did mostly appealto a young teenage

audience which

shows where the

mass of people that

like psychological

horrors come from.

This is cultivation

theory because it

shows how

audiences havechanged over time

as previously it

wouldnt of been

young teenagers

going to see these

films it would be

mainly adults.


also used in this film

as they move in thehouse and

everything is fine

until weird things

start to happen

which creates a dis-

equilibrium which

makes the audience

want to find out

about what is going

to happen in theend which makes

the follow the

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