development and present status of solar water heater

8/9/2019 Development and Present Status of Solar Water Heater

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Development and Present Status of SolarWater Heater (SWH) in Nepal

Centre for Energy Studies, Tribhuvan University

Dr. Tri Ratna Bajracharya

Associate Professor

Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University

Email: [email protected]


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Background

The development of solar thermal conversion

devices in Nepal started in the early 1960s.

The first locally manufactured solar water heater was

installed in the premises of the Department of Mines

and Geology.


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Background..

Late Rev B. R. Saubolle and Asha Brothers in

Kathmandu manufactured the first prototype SWHin 1968.

Records also show that the Plumbing Division of

Balaju Yantra Shala (BYS) added the developmentof SWH systems in 1974


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Background. An improved SWH system was installed by BYS in the

hostel of Budhanilkantha School in 1975

This installation received a favorable public response

and attracted a number of manufacturers.

The development of SWH received further supportafter establishing Sanitary Section of the Mechanical

Training Center in Balaju included it in their training

courses.


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Background.By 1992, 35 solar water heater manufacturers were

registered with the Department of Cottage and Small

Industries.

Estimates also indicate that there are now more than

200 workshops manufacturing solar water heaters

(REDP/UNDP: 2002; foreword).

According to a 1997 study: More than 2000 solar

water heaters installed annually.[WECS:1998]


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Ideal meteorological conditions

well matured technology

small, but steady market

existing manufacturing industry

high electricity tariffs

Starting Situation


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market currently too small for foreigninvestments

frequently poor performance, no qualitycontrol

subsidied, low fuel prices

technology not adapted to large-scale or frost

little to no government support

Starting Situation


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Status of SWHs

20 000 units in households 0.5% of allhouseholds

Around 2000 units added per year

Mostly on newly build middle class homes

Kathmandu accounts for 80% of the installedunits


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Status of SWHs...Among commercial users, mostly hotels

60% of all hotels in Kathmandu havesolar

mostly non-star hotels

Less than 20% of all schools, hardly

any hospitals In rural areas solar heaters only in

tourism


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Nepals target sectors and

potential for growth

Huge markets that are currently untapped !Huge markets that are currently untapped !

collector surface

0m

200000m

400000m

600000m

800000m

1000000m

1200000m

manufacturing industry

hospitals & BHUs

schools

hotels & lodges

residential sector

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.

installed potential


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Development deficits

INSTITUTIONALINSTITUTIONAL

No institution fostering development of SHWsNo institution fostering development of SHWs No specific policy promoting SHWNo specific policy promoting SHWss ASTED is active from few years backASTED is active from few years back

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Training only through one vocational schoolTraining only through one vocational school Technical skills not adapted to new technologyTechnical skills not adapted to new technology Few technical staff with sales skillsFew technical staff with sales skills


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Development deficits... PROMOTIONPROMOTION

Lack of standart for quality controlLack of standart for quality control Lack of R&DLack of R&D

CES and Solar Energy Foundation (SEFCES and Solar Energy Foundation (SEFN

epal) in stepsN

epal) in steps Lack of proper monitoring andLack of proper monitoring and

evaluationevaluation


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Database of solar water heaters

manufacturers / importers in Nepal


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Distribution of Technology adopted by manufacturers

8.33%

91.67%

Domestic manufacuter Importers


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Opinion on the efficiency ofproducts

Efficiency of the SWH manufacturers

8.77%24.56%

66.67%

20% - 30% 30% - 50% Above50%


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Who controls the quality ofproduct?

Manpower n the company who controls the quality of theirproduct

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Mechanical

eng ineer

Technical

supervisor

Technician Managem ent

Personnel

Promoters

Number


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Market share

Target groupof t e anufacturers

73.21%

26.79%

Middle c lass household Upper class household


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Distribution of storage tank practice in the market

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

135 140 150 165 175 180 200 220 230 265 280 300 400 500

Litre

Numberofstora

getank


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Raw material ed y manufacturer

2. 0%

. 0%

P ch s f L c l M k t I t f b d


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Collector area Database


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Estimated number of SWH users against Actual number of HH in Kathmandu

Metropolitan ity

0 1000

000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

Ward

Number of HouseholdTotal HH Estimated SWH users


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Estima ted N mb e f

se

s agai

st Act

a l

mbe

f

i

Lalitp

Me t

p

lita

Cit

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

a

d

Nmbe

f

se ld

To t

l HH stim

ted

W H

s ers


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Es timate m er of s e agai s t Act al m er of o s e ol i ak ta r

M ici ality

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

ar

!

s

"

#m

$er of

%o

#se

&ol

'

Total( (

o)

Ward0

stimated( (


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List of SWH anufacturers in Nepal

development and present status of solar water heater

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