Development and evaluation of Development and evaluation of Website to check instructional Website to check instructional

design based on the ARCS design based on the ARCS Motivation ModelMotivation Model

Reporter: Chen, Wan-Yi

日期 : 2006/ 5/ 22

Song, S. H. & Keller, J. M. (2001). Effectiveness of motivationally adaptive computer-assisted instruction on the dynamic aspects of motivation. Educational Technology Research & Development, 49(2), 5-22.

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Computer mediatedComputer mediated

• Students will no longer be as excited by these novel features, and it then will become more of a challenge to stimulate and sustain their motivation during computer-mediated instruction

• Student motivation to learn is disregarded or assumed to be embedded in the cognitively adaptive CAI

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Computer mediatedComputer mediated

• Design and development of motivating CAI– The computer-feature approach– Principle-seeking approach, in which

prescriptive motivational design principles and tactics for CAI are identified or developed from diverse theoretical and practical perspectives

– Model-establishing approach

• The CAI should provide the most appropriate motivational strategies in terms of purpose, type, and amount

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ARCS modelARCS model

• ARCS model is useful for instructional designers– It helps one understand the construct of

motivation in terms of four distinct categories– It provides the systematic motivational design

process– It provides motivational strategies

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ARCS & WlodkowskiARCS & Wlodkowski• Both are well-published holistic models of

motivational design

• Different– Strategy selection in the ARCS model is done

systematically from a set of categories and subcategories based on comprehensive synthesis of concepts and theories in human motivation

– ARCS model is a problem-solving approach

• Learner analysis is a key challenge

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PurposePurpose

• The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness, efficiency, and appeal of motivationally

• Three key areas

– Attention

– Relevance

– confidence

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MethodMethod• Participants and design

– 60 tenth-grade students from the Developmental Research School

• Treatments– Motivationally adaptive CAI– Motivationally saturated CAI– Motivationally minimized CAI

• Instruments– Motivation was measured by a simplified version

of Keller’s IMMS

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ResultsResults• Motivation

– Overall motivation scores revealed a significant difference for the treatments

– Students in the motivationally adaptive CAI showed higher motivation than those in both motivationally saturated and motivationally minimized

• Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction– Differences occurred only for attention and relevance

– Showed higher attention than those in both motivationally saturated and motivationally minimized

– Students in the motivationally adaptive CAI showed higher relevance than those in motivationally saturated CAI

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ResultsResults• Effectiveness

– The results showed a significant difference for the treatments

• Continuing motivation– Although the students in the motivationally adapti

ve CAI showed higher self-reported continuing motivation

• Efficiency– The correlation coefficient between science score a

nd the efficiency measure was significiant

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DiscussionDiscussion• Motivationally adaptive CAI was superior to the

other two CAI types for the enhancement of overall motivation and attention

• Confidence and satisfaction, although students in the motivationally adaptive CAI showed the highest scores, significant differences were not found among three CAI type

• Saturated CAI provided and distributed throughout the instruction

• Students had to be exposed to much more material than those who received

• No differences in confidence among the three conditions

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ConclusionConclusion

• The results demonstrate that it is feasible to design motivationally adaptive instruction for a self-paced learning setting such as CAI

• Self-reports of motivation can be valid indicators of learning readiness to which motivational strategies are adaptively prescribed