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Development and Energy in Africa (DEA)

Regional Workshop, Arusha Tanzania

16th – 18Tth October 2007

CASE STUDY OF THE IMPACTS OF MODERN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES

PROJECTS FOR SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEMES

By Oscar Lema October 2007

DEADevelopment and Energy in Africa

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Presentation StructurePresentation Structure Energy and MDG’SEnergy and MDG’S

Energy Situation in TanzaniaEnergy Situation in Tanzania

TaTEDO Energy Programmes/Projects InterventionTaTEDO Energy Programmes/Projects Intervention ExperiencesExperiences

About the Tanzania DEA case studyAbout the Tanzania DEA case study

Methodology used to test AFMethodology used to test AF

Assessment Framework Test FindingsAssessment Framework Test Findings

Conclusion & RecommendationsConclusion & Recommendations

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Overview of Energy and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

• Energy improves the Energy improves the quality of peoples life quality of peoples life by providing lighting, by providing lighting, clean water and clean water and healthier cooking healthier cooking methods methods ( MDG 3, 4, ( MDG 3, 4, & 5)& 5)

• Clean energy Clean energy improves the improves the environment and environment and health by replacing health by replacing dirty fuels or wood dirty fuels or wood usage usage (MDG 5 & 7)(MDG 5 & 7)

Cooking on improved Okoa fire wood stove (more than 300,000 stoves in use)

Three-stone fire place and kerosene wick lamp

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• Energy can be used Energy can be used toto

improve production improve production

resulting in incomeresulting in income

generation generation (MDG 1)(MDG 1)

• Finally, and perhaps Finally, and perhaps

most important, most important, energyenergy

can be used tocan be used to

stimulate economic stimulate economic

activity activity (MDG 1,3 & 8)(MDG 1,3 & 8)

Energy and MDG’s cont…

More than 15,000 improved stoves are produces and sold each month by each enterprise

More that 1000 driers have being built year to date

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Energy situation in Tanzania.

The estimated total energy

consumption is more than 22

million tones of oil equivalent

(TOE) or 0.7 TOE per capita.

Energy consumption in rural

areas accounts for about

85%.

Biomass-based fuel accounts

for more than 90% of

primary energy supply.

woodfuel90%

others1%

petroleum8%

electricity1%

Fig: Total energy consumption in Tanzania

Local beer brewing on three stove fire place

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•Human physical energy remains the

main source of energy for agriculture

and transport activities for mostly

women and children.

•Low quality fuels (biomass) used in

inefficient technologies causes in-door

air pollution and contributes to land

degradation.

•More than 90% of Tanzanians have no

access to grid electricity

•Only 2% of rural based Tanzanians

have access to electricity

Energy situation in Tanzania cont….

Rural transportation of firewood

( many hours are wasted)

Traditional metal charcoal stove with low efficiency of 12 – 15%

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• A sustainable modern energy development NGO with more than fourteen years experience in energy technologies development and related environmental conservation practices.

• Registered as a sustainable energy development national NGO, a non profit sharing, membership organization comprised of professionals, enterprises, CBOs, artisans, Individuals, farmers and institutions.

• Charged with the development and promotion of sustainable energy technologies and services.

TaTEDO and Energy Intervention Projects

Half Orange charcoal production kiln

Jatropha-biofuel plant – growing interest from farmers

MFP can use Jatropha Oil – new opportunity for rural development

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TaTEDO vision, mission and goalsVision: Self –reliant and poverty free communities with access to sustainable modern energy services

Mission: To advance popular use of sustainable modern energy technologies by marginalized communities in Tanzania. TaTEDO does this through technologies adaptation, awareness raising, capacity building and advocacy for increased access to sustainable energy services, poverty reduction, self-reliance and environmental conservation

New Solar PV companies are formed

Post harvest losses are reduced

Productive use of biomass energy technologies

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• To improve quality of life of the Tanzanians by contributing to – availability of improved

and sustainable energy services,

– Availability of employment and income generating opportunities essential for poverty reduction.

• To reduce environmental degradation resulting from increased use of wood and fossil fuels.

• Assist the country to reduce dependence on imported energy.

TaTEDO Goals:

Solar PV – local micro financing is necessary

Self built improved mud stove

Solar PV improves quality of life

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TaTEDO undertakes the following activities toachiever vision mission and goals: Promote access to modern energy services for meeting

productive and consumptive energy needs in SMEs, social service centres and households,

Undertake field implementation of sustainable energy programmes and projects.

Provide sustainable modern energy related consultancy services,

Promote efficient and effective management of sustainable energy production and use environment,

Develop networking and partnership with local, national and international organisations,

Manage and disseminate energy information to primary, secondary and other stakeholders,

Lobby and advocate in order to influence energy and environment related policies, strategies and legislations,

Provide sustainable energy enterprises development services, and

Conduct energy related applied researches.

TaTEDO and Energy Intervention Projects

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Tanzania Case study for DEA Project

Case study title: Solar/wind powered Water Pumping Irrigation SchemeWhy this study?

To test the Assessment Framework in the real situation

To identify and examine the developmental impacts of energy

innovations

To use the information obtained to improve on-going and future

energy interventions

Specific Objectives To establish and apply an Assessment Framework for

evaluating

development and poverty impacts of energy interventions

To engage in a dialogue with energy policy makers and other

stakeholders on the basis of the framework, with a view to

incorporating these issues in energy policy.

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About the case study: UNDP Water Pumping /Irrigation projects

Located in Ukerewe Island, a

district in Lake Victoria, Mwanza Region

Comprise of two irrigation schemes

Windmill – Nakatunguru village

Solar PV – Namagubo village

All focused into water pumping for

irrigation using water from Lake Victoria

Funded by UNDP GEF SGP

Implemented by MAFS and managed

by farmers groups

Case study project site

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About the case study cont…..

The projects aimed at:

Increasing crop productivity – food security and income generation

Demonstrating use of RET’s thus safeguarding the environment

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Methodology for testing AF Review of project documents Projects site visits Meetings with Farmers Group

Leaders & District officials

Structured questionnaires Discussions with focus groups

Beneficiaries District officials Ministry of Agricuture and Food Security Project Sponsor

Analysis of data by MS Access

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Assessment Framework Test Findings

Unfortunately none of the projects were operational during AF testing due to:

Lake water level drop caused by climate change – less

rainfall coupled with long dry periods (evaporation)

Increased demand for water by population around the

Lake

However:

Success story revealed by the beneficiaries and other stakeholders

during the first 3 months of projects life indicated positive outcomes and impacts

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Outcomes of the projects Increased awareness on the use of modern

energy for productive use activities

Farmer groups training on: Better farming methods (horticulture, etc.) Managing and maintaining wind /solar

irrigation facility Leadership of groups

Increase in farm sizes From 3 acres to 50 acres

Strengthening community relations Increase in group size

– From 6 to 36 members– From 5 to 60 members

Increased crop productivity Increased access to water

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Impacts of the projects

Although limited, impacts recorded include:• Reduced income poverty (Revealed by beneficiaries during interview after comparing what they used to get before and after the project)• Employment creation – many people resort to farming business

Environmental conservation Use of clean energy sources

Time saving Irrigating once for two days

– Initially irrigating everyday Only for two hours a day

– Initially irrigating 8 hours a day Reduced women drudgery

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Impacts/ Outcomes Array

Increased Farm sizes

Increased social

relation

Increased productivity

Wind/Solar powered irrigation schemes

Access to Clean Energy Service

Engage on other productive activities

Increased income

generation

Time saving Reduce work load

Better living standards

Improved health

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Assessment framework and findings

Activity

Small-scale irrigation using wind or solar energy for pumping water from Lake Victoria

Output Increased access to water for irrigation

Use of outputs Domestic use Agricultural use

Outcome Time saving Reduced water borne diseases

Increased agricultural production

Increased re-forestation

Employment

Use of the Outcome

Subsistence Use

Commercial Use

ImpactImproved social relations (gender)

Improved health

Reduced hunger

Economic enhancement

Forest conservation

Reduced income poverty

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Lessons Learnt by TaTEDO for improving the AFThe following lessons are quite critical to take into consideration during the planning and designing of energy intervention projects and programmes:

Taking of baseline information for effective M + E

undertaking

Clear institutional set –up for effective implementation

Clear ownership and involvement/participation of the

beneficiaries

for effective project management

Clear impact assessment mechanism for ensuring

project sustainability.

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Conclusions Based on these findings AF is an important tool

during project planning, designing, implementation

and in the M + E,

Major setback for the successful

implementation of the two projects is the

drastic drop of water level in Lake Victoria

In relation to the MDGs and Tanzania NSGRP the

wind/solar powered technology is appropriate for

irrigation projects. If successful, could have strong

positive impacts on poverty reduction, gender and

environmental sustainability.

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The information obtained through application of AF are useful to our National Energy Policy in:

• Improving policy implementation strategies• Institute appropriate enforcing Laws and Regulations• Improving mechanisms for projects monitoring and evaluation• Applying impact assessment mechanism for ensuring sustainability

Conclusions……

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Recommendations Baseline information is vital during project planning

to be able to determine project viability, measure progress and assess impacts

There is a need to incorporate monitoring and evaluation component in project planning from local level to national level

Need to strengthen capacity for different stakeholders on the issues of development- poverty-energy linkages

Create awareness and capacity building to planners in various sectors in order to get energy integrated into planning to implementation

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Need to conduct farmers/ beneficiaries awareness raising on the essential linkages between energy, environment and development.

Different stakeholders involvement from very beginning of project planning, implementation and management is crucial for project success and sustainability

System re-designing may be required to cope with the existing situation

Recommendations ……

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P. O. Box 32794,Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Tel: +255-22-2700771/2700438

Fax: +255-22-2774400

Email: energy@tatedo.org

Website: www.tatedo.org