development and application of a biological assessment systems multimetric assessment of...
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Development and application of a biological assessment systems
Multimetric Assessment of macroinvertebrates and Assessment Software
Dr Mario Sommerhäuser and University of Essen Institute of Ecology
Department of Hydrobiology
CETEC Curso “Aplicação de Ecomorfologia Fluvial na Validação da Tipologia de Rios” 16-18/06/2010
Multimetric Assessment and Assessment Software
Biological Assessment
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Multimetric Assessment and Assessment Software
Main stressors for rivers today (Europe)Organic pollution
Eutrophication
Hydro-morphology
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Multimetric Assessment and Assessment Software
Indicator value of the different biological quality components
Organic pollution
Eutrophi-cation
AcidificationHydro-
Morphology/Migration
Long-term reaction
short-term reaction
Basin
Site
„Holistic approach of WFD“
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Multimetric Assessment and Assessment Software
Type-specific approach Assessment in comparison with reference conditions (~ high ecological status) New and specific sampling methods Multimetric approaches for the analysis of biological results (i. e. species lists)
- combination of different metrics (biocoenotic indicator values/functional groups): e. g. species number, share of certain groups like Stoneflies and others, share of functional feeding groups)
- Different reaction againts different stressors- CEN and ISO standards for European biological indices
Common features of the new German biological assessment methods for all four aquatic quality components
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Multimetric Assessment and Assessment Software
Example for the assessment with biol. quality elements:
MacroinvertebratesAQEM / PERLODES system
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Content
General concept and development of the multimetric assessment system (AQEM / PERLODES, Germany)
Design and application European River Classification Software System Version 3.0
Interpretation of assessment results
Examples of taxa, ecological information, species traits, indicative potential as a basis for multimetric assessment systems
Content
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Forms of impairments (“Stressors”)
Nutrient enrichment/organic pollution
Microhabitats
Hydromorphology
Land use
General Concept
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Ecological Quality Assessment: Multi-metric concept
„Ecological Status“
Trophic structure
Function
SensitivitySpecies richness
Diversity
Resilience
Resistence
Stagnation
Hydromorphology
PollutionPoison
Acidification
Salt
Fine sediments
Global warming
General Concept
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Taxalist
Information on the saprobic status
Information on the acidic status
Information on other stressors
Ecologicalstatus
Reference status
Need for action
}
Assessmentformula
Assessmentformula
Assessmentformula
Stressor-specific Assessment
General Concept
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Taxalist
Information on the saprobic status
Information on the acidic status
Information on other stressors
Ecologicalstatus
Reference status
Need for action
}
Stressor-specific Assessment
Assessmentformula
Assessmentformula
Assessmentformula
Modul organic pollution
Modul acidification
Modul general degradation
General Concept
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Multimetric Assessment and Assessment Software
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German Standard DIN 38410 (2004)
Acid quality classes according to Braukmann & Biss (2004)
Stream type specific assessment - formulas:Metric 1Metric 2Metric 3...
Stressor-specific Assessment
Taxalist
Information on the saprobic status
Information on the acidic status
Information on other stressors
General Concept
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reference good moderate poor bad
Alpine streams < 1.20 to 1.80 to 2.55 to 3.25 to 4.00
Small mountain streams < 1.45 to 2.00 to 2.65 to 3.35 to 4.00
Mid-sized mountain streams < 1.60 to 2.10 to 2.75 to 3.35 to 4.00
Mid-sized sand bottom streams in the lowlands
< 1.90 to 2.35 to 2.90 to 3.45 to 4.00
(...)
Stream type-specific Saprobic Index
Example: Saprobic Index = 1.85
General Concept
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Acid quality classes according to Braukmann & Biss (2004)
Stream type specific assessment - formulas:Metric 1Metric 2Metric 3...
Stressor-specific Assessment
Taxalist
Information on the saprobic status
Information on the acidic status
Information on other stressors
German Standard DIN 38410 (1992)
General Concept
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Acid quality classes according to Braukmann & Biss (2004)
Stream type specific assessment - formulas:Metric 1Metric 2Metric 3...
Stressor-specific Assessment
Taxalist
Information on the saprobic status
Information on the acidic status
Information on other stressors
German Standard DIN 38410 (1992)
General Concept
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What is a Metric?
- Abundance of a mayfly species
- Number of mayfly species
- Percentage of all mayfly species on the sample
- Presence of specific indicator species of the mayflies
- Percentage of the filter feeding organisms
Multi-metric Index(Hering et al. 2004a,
b; Lorenz et al. 2004;Meier et al. 2005)
General Concept
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Selection of parameters,which indicate the effects of
degradation
Correlation analysis
Database 1Taxalists
Database 2Abiotic site data
- land use in the catchment- hydromorphological quality
Selection of Metrics
Calculation of ca. 80 metricswith each taxalist
General Concept
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Correlation Analysis
Metric results & Land use parameters
Metric results & hydromorphological parameters
General Concept
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Mid-sized sand bottom streams in the lowlands
Siedlung [%]
An
zah
l Ta
xa T
rich
op
tera
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
Residential area [%]
Num
ber
of T
richo
pter
a
General Concept
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Siedlung [%]
Ge
rma
n F
au
na
In
de
x T
yp 1
5
-1,8
-1,2
-0,6
0,0
0,6
1,2
1,8
0 2 4 6 8 10
Mid-sized sand bottom streams in the lowlands
Residential area [%]
Ger
man
Fau
na I
ndex
General Concept
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Calculation of ca. 80 metricswith every taxalist
Selection of parameters,which indicate the effects
of degradation
Correlation analysis Selection of Candidate metrics
Selection of Metrics
General Concept
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High and significant correlation of a metric with hydromorphological or land use parameters
Candidate metrics for each stream type cover all metric groups according to the WFD
• taxonomic composition and abundance
• richness/diversity
• sensitive/tolerant taxa
• functional
Criteria for the selection of the metrics
General Concept
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Situation in the catchment
Presence of specialistsfor rare or degraded habitats
Functional groups
Sensitivity/tolerance
Richness/diversity
Composition
Metric type
Metarhithral [%]
German Fauna Index mid-sizedmountain streams
No. of EPTCBO
EPT [%]
Metric
% of sensitive taxa and habitats
Example: Mid-sized mountain streams
General Concept
Information
Diversity of fauna and habitats
ASTERICS
Design and application of the AQEM/STAR European River Classification System v3.0
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The current version of the software to calculate the ecological status of streams and rivers is downloadable for free!
Options:- Germany official system
(PERLODES)- Germany original (AQEM system)- Several European countries
Homepage:- www.aqem.de or- www.fliessgewaesserbewertung.de
ASTERICS v.3.0
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The assessment-software runs under Windows 98, NT, 2000 and XP.
The data import is normally carried out via MS Excel.
The import table must follow certain rules on layout and format.
The assessment-software calculates the ecological quality status of each imported taxalist.
The assessment-software calculates about 300 additional metrics for each imported taxalist.
Note: Yet, no interpretation of the results or recommendations for improvement of
the quality status are given.
Overview
ASTERICS v.3.0
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- Data import by Excel- or text-files (ASCII-Format); respect correct format
- Main component of the data import: Key code (encoding every taxon definitely by numbers and/or letters)
Data sources
Background for encoding- Taxon names can have different spellings.
- Taxon names are not enduring – they change often in time according to improvements in taxonomy. Thus, taxa could have different names in different databases (synonyms).
- A key code is composed of identification numbers, which are assigned to every taxon (definite identification, independent of spelling or synonymy).
- Codes could be made of numbers, letters or combinations of those.
ASTERICS v.3.0
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(1) Import: Import of an Excel-file or ASCII-file
(2) Settings: choice of key code
(3) Settings: choice of stream type and stressor
Note: The menues 2 and 3 appear gradually after pressing the “Import” button.
Application of the Assessment Software (in four steps)
ASTERICS v.3.0
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(1) Import: Import of an Excel file or ASCII file
Application of the Assessment Software (4 steps)
(2) Settings: choice of key code
(3) Settings: choice of stream type and stressor
(4) Start of calculation
ASTERICS v.3.0
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TaxalistID_ART TAXON_NAME Sieg
4335 Aphelocheirus aestivalis 0,84380 Baetidae Gen. sp. 4,44397 Baetis fuscatus 41,54419 Baetis sp. 31,34521 Caenis luctuosa 4,44584 Ceraclea sp. 2,24639 Cheumatopsyche lepida 82,94642 Chironomidae Gen. sp. 24,05059 Ecdyonurus venosus-Gr. 29,45075 Eiseniella tetraedra 13,15131 Serratella ignita 30,05237 Leuctra geniculata 2,25601 Hydropsyche pellucidula 15,35605 Hydropsyche sp. 35,75790 Leuctra sp. 10,95851 Limnius opacus Lv. 102,55854 Limnius volckmari Lv. 2,26468 Polycentropus flavomaculatus 6,56510 Potamanthus luteus 16,36780 Rhyacophila sp. 15,36853 Simulium sp. 268,46886 Sphaerium sp. 2,26909 Stenelmis canaliculata Lv. 48,06972 Tanypodinae Gen. sp. 39,36977 Tanytarsini Gen. sp. 19,68142 Hydropsyche incognita 10,38691 Asellus aquaticus 24,08736 Oligochaeta Gen. sp. 8,78831 Turbellaria Gen. sp. 2,2
12091 Limnius opacus Ad. 9,512121 Stenelmis canaliculata Ad. 2,219110 Rhyacophila dorsalis/nubila 13,9
sin sgn2 40 0
2,1 40 02 4
2,1 42,1 8
0 01,5 8
0 01,9 41,6 16
2 40 0
1,5 80 0
1,6 82 4
2,1 80 00 00 0
1,8 40 00 02 4
2,7 40 00 00 0
1,8 40 0
zeu zhy zer zmr zhr zep zmp zhp zli zpr0 0 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 00 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 3 00 0 0 1 4 4 1 0 0 00 1 1 2 2 2 1 0 1 00 0 0 1 2 3 1 0 3 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 3 6 1 0 0 00 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 20 0 5 3 2 0 0 0 0 00 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 1 00 0 1 3 3 2 0 0 1 00 0 0 0 2 7 1 0 0 00 0 1 2 4 3 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 3 2 2 1 0 0 0 00 0 0 3 5 2 0 0 0 00 0 1 3 5 1 0 0 0 00 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 00 0 0 0 0 6 4 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 1 2 5 2 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 5 4 1 0 0 0 00 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 3 5 2 0 0 0 00 0 0 1 2 5 2 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Results of the metrics 1,90 0,1% 0,7% 3,7% 9,5% 16,7% 17,2% 4,5% 0,7% 2,1% 0,5%
Metrics
ASTERICS v.3.0
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Results
(A) Assessment: Display of scores of the Ecological Quality Class together with the Core Metrics and underlying results.
ASTERICS v.3.0
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- Level 2: Quality classes of the single moduls
- Level 1: Ecological quality class (integrated assessment)
- Level 3: Results of the core metrics
- Level 4: Results of all metrics
ASTERICS v.3.0
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Export-Function
The software has the possibility to export all metric results to Excel
ASTERICS v.3.0
Interpretation of assessment results
Examples of taxa, ecological information, species traits and the indicative potential as a basisfor multimetric assessment systems
and the interpretation of results
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Mid-sized sand-bottom lowland streams
Lachte NI
Interpretation of Assessment Results
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Scores Lachte
Probenahme Lachte Staat Germany, official system Fließgewässertyp Typ 15: Sand- und lehmgeprägte Tieflandflüsse Taxaliste original Stressor General degradation result score (0-1) quality class Ergebnis 0,9 high
Toleranz - Fauna Index D15/17 1,154 1 highFunktionen - Litoral [%] 3,84 1 highFunktionen - Pelal [%] 4,63 1 highZusammensetzung - EPT [%] (abundance classes) 53,52 0,74 goodVielfalt, Diversität - # Trichoptera 8 0,67 good
Interpretation of Assessment Results
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53.5EPT [%] (abundance classes)
2.32Diversity (Shannon-Wiener-Index)
1.15Fauna Index Typ 15/17
1.85German Saprobic Index
35Number of Taxa
561.6Abundance [Ind./m²]
Value Metric
Results Lachte
Interpretation of Assessment Results
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Taxalist Lachte
0,10,8Atrichops crassipesDiptera
0,10,8Limoniidae Gen. sp.Diptera
1,910,4Chironomini Gen. sp.Diptera
0,63,2Tanytarsini Gen. sp.Diptera
2,312,8Chironomidae Gen. sp.Diptera
16,190,4Hydropsyche sp.Trichoptera
0,42,4Halesus radiatusTrichoptera
1,7
0,1
0,3
0,7
0,1
1,6
0,1
0,3
0,1
26,2
0,1
3,3
0,3
14,0
1,0
0,1
1,1
0,4
1,6
18,4
1,1
3,7
0,3
0,1
0,9
0,4
0,1
0,1
%
0,8Mystacides azureaTrichoptera
0,8Oreodytes sanmarkii Ad.Coleoptera
9,6Atherix ibisDiptera
8,8Limnius volckmari Lv.Coleoptera
0,8Limnius volckmari Ad.Coleoptera
4Oulimnius tuberculatus Ad.Coleoptera
1,6Hydraena sp. Ad.Coleoptera
1,6Lepidostoma hirtumTrichoptera
0,8Sericostoma flavicorne/personatumTrichoptera
147,2Brachycentrus subnubilusTrichoptera
0,8Halesus digitatus/tesselatusTrichoptera
18,4Hydropsyche pellucidulaTrichoptera
1,6Lype reductaTrichoptera
78,4Leuctra sp.Plecoptera
5,6Ophiogomphus ceciliaOdonata
0,8Gomphus vulgatissimusOdonata
6,4Heptagenia sp.Ephemeroptera
2,4Electrogena sp.Ephemeroptera
8,8Heptageniidae Gen. sp.Ephemeroptera
103,2Serratella ignitaEphemeroptera
6,4Baetidae Gen. sp.Ephemeroptera
20,8Gammarus sp.Crustacea
1,6Gammarus pulexCrustacea
0,8Asellus aquaticusCrustacea
4,8Erpobdellidae Gen. sp.Hirudinea
2,4Oligochaeta Gen. sp.Oligochaeta
0,8Sphaerium sp.Bivalvia
0,8Pisidium sp.Bivalvia
Ab.Taxon nameTaxa-Group
0,10,8Atrichops crassipesDiptera
0,10,8Limoniidae Gen. sp.Diptera
1,910,4Chironomini Gen. sp.Diptera
0,63,2Tanytarsini Gen. sp.Diptera
2,312,8Chironomidae Gen. sp.Diptera
16,190,4Hydropsyche sp.Trichoptera
0,42,4Halesus radiatusTrichoptera
1,7
0,1
0,3
0,7
0,1
1,6
0,1
0,3
0,1
26,2
0,1
3,3
0,3
14,0
1,0
0,1
1,1
0,4
1,6
18,4
1,1
3,7
0,3
0,1
0,9
0,4
0,1
0,1
%
0,8Mystacides azureaTrichoptera
0,8Oreodytes sanmarkii Ad.Coleoptera
9,6Atherix ibisDiptera
8,8Limnius volckmari Lv.Coleoptera
0,8Limnius volckmari Ad.Coleoptera
4Oulimnius tuberculatus Ad.Coleoptera
1,6Hydraena sp. Ad.Coleoptera
1,6Lepidostoma hirtumTrichoptera
0,8Sericostoma flavicorne/personatumTrichoptera
147,2Brachycentrus subnubilusTrichoptera
0,8Halesus digitatus/tesselatusTrichoptera
18,4Hydropsyche pellucidulaTrichoptera
1,6Lype reductaTrichoptera
78,4Leuctra sp.Plecoptera
5,6Ophiogomphus ceciliaOdonata
0,8Gomphus vulgatissimusOdonata
6,4Heptagenia sp.Ephemeroptera
2,4Electrogena sp.Ephemeroptera
8,8Heptageniidae Gen. sp.Ephemeroptera
103,2Serratella ignitaEphemeroptera
6,4Baetidae Gen. sp.Ephemeroptera
20,8Gammarus sp.Crustacea
1,6Gammarus pulexCrustacea
0,8Asellus aquaticusCrustacea
4,8Erpobdellidae Gen. sp.Hirudinea
2,4Oligochaeta Gen. sp.Oligochaeta
0,8Sphaerium sp.Bivalvia
0,8Pisidium sp.Bivalvia
Ab.Taxon nameTaxa-Group
Interpretation of Assessment Results
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Stever near Füchtelner Mühle (NRW)
Interpretation of Assessment Results
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Level 1: Ecological quality class
Level 2: Results of the different modules
- Saprobic index
- General degradation
good SI = 2.29
Score = 0.23
poor
poor
Thus, the reason for the poor status is the general/hydro-morphological degradation.
To rise the ecological status the hydromorphology of the site has to be improved.
Interpretation of Assessment Results
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• German Fauna Index 0,09
• # Trichoptera 0,13
• EPT-Taxa [%] 0,25
• Litoral [%] 0,24
• Pelal [%] 0,87
Level 3: Scores of the core metrics
bad
bad
poor
poor
reference
rare and type specific species are missing
poor habitat diversity, e.g. organic substrates are absent (woody debris, CPOM)
Summary:
The single results imply that the site is hydromorphologically extemely impaired.
The effects on the invertebrate community are obvious (Fauna Index, number of Trichoptera taxa, % Littoral preferences).
Disturbance of natural flow regime (stagnant situations, absence of shading and high amounts of macrophytes)
Low species-richness and shifted abundances
Interpretation of Assessment Results
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Taxalist Stever
0,14,8Corixidae Gen. sp.Heteroptera
0,14,8Haliplus sp. Ad.Coleoptera
1,0
14,2
4,0
0,9
0,3
1,0
0,3
1,7
1,1
0,3
0,0
19,5
45,2
6,4
0,9
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,6
1,0
0,6
0,3
%
480Chironomini Gen. sp.Diptera
33,6Tanytarsini Gen. sp.Diptera
134,4Chironomidae Gen. sp.Diptera
28,8Hydroptila sp.Trichoptera
9,6Cyrnus trimaculatusTrichoptera
33,6Oulimnius sp. Lv.Coleoptera
9,6Cloeon sp.Ephemeroptera
57,6Caenis sp.Ephemeroptera
38,4Caenis luctuosa/macruraEphemeroptera
9,6Caenis horaria/robustaEphemeroptera
0,8Baetidae Gen. sp.Ephemeroptera
657,6Gammarus sp.Crustacea
1526,4Gammarus roeseliiCrustacea
216Asellus aquaticusCrustacea
28,8Helobdella stagnalisHirudinea
4,8Glossiphonia complanataHirudinea
4,8Erpobdellidae Gen. sp.Hirudinea
4,8Naididae/Tubificidae Gen. sp.Oligochaeta
4,8Pisidium sp.Bivalvia
19,2Dreissena polymorphaBivalvia
33,6Valvata sp.Gastropoda
19,2Potamopyrgus antipodarumGastropoda
9,6Bithynia tentaculataGastropoda
Ab.Taxon nameTaxa-Group
0,14,8Corixidae Gen. sp.Heteroptera
0,14,8Haliplus sp. Ad.Coleoptera
1,0
14,2
4,0
0,9
0,3
1,0
0,3
1,7
1,1
0,3
0,0
19,5
45,2
6,4
0,9
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,6
1,0
0,6
0,3
%
480Chironomini Gen. sp.Diptera
33,6Tanytarsini Gen. sp.Diptera
134,4Chironomidae Gen. sp.Diptera
28,8Hydroptila sp.Trichoptera
9,6Cyrnus trimaculatusTrichoptera
33,6Oulimnius sp. Lv.Coleoptera
9,6Cloeon sp.Ephemeroptera
57,6Caenis sp.Ephemeroptera
38,4Caenis luctuosa/macruraEphemeroptera
9,6Caenis horaria/robustaEphemeroptera
0,8Baetidae Gen. sp.Ephemeroptera
657,6Gammarus sp.Crustacea
1526,4Gammarus roeseliiCrustacea
216Asellus aquaticusCrustacea
28,8Helobdella stagnalisHirudinea
4,8Glossiphonia complanataHirudinea
4,8Erpobdellidae Gen. sp.Hirudinea
4,8Naididae/Tubificidae Gen. sp.Oligochaeta
4,8Pisidium sp.Bivalvia
19,2Dreissena polymorphaBivalvia
33,6Valvata sp.Gastropoda
19,2Potamopyrgus antipodarumGastropoda
9,6Bithynia tentaculataGastropoda
Ab.Taxon nameTaxa-Group
Interpretation of Assessment Results
CETEC Curso “Aplicação de Ecomorfologia Fluvial na Validação da Tipologia de Rios” 16-18/06/2010
Multimetric Assessment and Assessment Software
44
Ebene 3: Ergebnisse der Core Metrics
Level 3: Scores of the core metricsbad
bad
poor
poor
reference
• German Fauna Index 0,09
• # Trichoptera 0,13
• EPT-Taxa [%] 0,25
• Litoral [%] 0,24
• Pelal [%] 0,87
Interpretation of Assessment Results
CETEC Curso “Aplicação de Ecomorfologia Fluvial na Validação da Tipologia de Rios” 16-18/06/2010
Multimetric Assessment and Assessment Software
25 cm
25 cmNetz-maschen-weite:0,5 mm
Teilprobe
Sand (55 % = 11 Teilproben)
Steine (<5% = 0 Teilproben)
Kies (25 % = 5 Teilproben)
Fallaub (15 % = 3 Teilproben)
Holz (5 % = 1 Teilprobe)
Standardized sampling method: Multi-Habitat-Sampling (AQEM method = EUROPEAN „CEN“ Standard since 2010)
CETEC Curso “Aplicação de Ecomorfologia Fluvial na Validação da Tipologia de Rios” 16-18/06/2010
Multimetric Assessment and Assessment Software
Comparison with
operational taxa list!
Standardized treatment of the samples (sieving and sub-sampling
Autecology on species level
Ecological indicators
Basis for assessment