developing writing skills ling-hsia chen national taiwan university
TRANSCRIPT
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Developing Writing Skills
Ling-hsia Chen
National Taiwan University
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Elements of Communication
AUTHOR AUDIENCE
LANGUAGE
SUBJECT
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Goals of Writing
Expressive writing situations
personal feelings, thoughts (the
writer) Referential (expository) writing situations
facts, information (outside subject) Persuasive writing situations
argument (the reader’s support, action)
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The Writing Process
The Writing Process
Planning Drafting
The Essay
Revising
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The Writing Process
Planning thinking about your purpose and
audience deciding what to write about developing ideas gathering details
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The Writing Process (cont’d)
Drafting connecting ideas deciding the order of details incorporating new ideas
Revising deciding what works and what doesn’t changing the draft to improve it
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Four Principles
Start with a clearly stated point. Organize and connect your supporting
material Provide logical, detailed support for your
point. Revise and edit to have error-free and
effective sentences
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Basic Shape of Writing
Paragraph Structure topic sentence supporting sentences
sensory details, facts, statistics,
examples, anecdotes concluding sentence
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Paragraph
A paragraph is a group of sentences, organized to state or support one main idea. Together, the sentences make the main idea clear. It usually consists an opening point called a topic sentence followed by
a series of sentences supporting that
point.
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Pre-Writing Activities
Keeping a writer’s journal Free writing Brainstorming Clustering Asking questions
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Brainstorming
Topic: Summer job at a convenience store
1. 8 hours a day, 7 days a week2. Went to work at 6 a.m. got back at 5 p.m.3. Only had 30 minutes for lunch break4. A chance to meet different people5. Convenience stores are booming these
days.
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Brainstorming
6. Most customers were there to kill time.7. Lifted heavy cartons of merchandise for at least half a day8. A risky job9. There are 4 convenience stores in my neighborhood.10. No pay for lunch break11. Didn’t know how to operate a cash register at the beginning
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Brainstorming
12. Could not remember the locations of different goods
13.Bosses yelled at me sometimes
14.Pay was only NT$79 per hour, $100 for overtime
15. Have to stand all the time
16. Co-workers were unfriendly
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A Scratch Outline
My experience of working at a convenient store was bad.
1. Hard work
2. Poor Pay
3. Poor interpersonal relationships
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Topic Sentence = Your Viewpoint
How to come up with a topic sentencePurpose statement
My purpose is to describe to my classmates the experience of working at a convenience store. I will focus on hard work, poor pay, and poor personal relationships.
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Clustering
Summer Jobs
summer jobs
manager
restauranta 2-year-old
babysittingwaiter
car washing
Convenience store
factory
computer chips
kitchen
7-eleven 8 hours per day
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Clustering
Job at convenience store
bad working environment
lift heavy merchandise
hard work
stand all the time
poor pay
unfriendly co-workers
NT$79 an hour
NT$100 for overtime
mean boss
long workhours
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Asking Questions
When did it happen? Where did it happen? Who was involved? What is my opinion of it? How did I react? Why did I react in this way? What can I suggest about it?
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Four Bases of Writing
UnityEvery word, phrase, or sentence directly supports the topic sentence.
Support Support the point with specific evidenceCoherence Organize and connect the specific evidence
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Four Bases of Writing (cont’d)
Transitions Using Pronouns Repetition, Restatement, and VariationEffective Sentences Write clear, error-free sentences Use parallelism. Use a consistent point of view. Use concise words. Vary your sentences.
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Strategies of Development
Description Illustration Classification Process Analysis Comparison and Contrast Narration Cause-and-effect Definition Persuasive Argument
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Evaluating Written Work
Worthwhile content
Does the writing worth reading? Sensible organization
Is the writer’s line of thinking easy to
follow? Readable style
Is the style economical and convincing?
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CEEC Grading Standard
Rank Score Outstanding 19-20 Excellent 15-18 Good 10-14 Poor 5-9 Bad 1-4
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大考中心作文評分標準 級距 分數
特優 19-20 優 15-18 可 10-14 差 5-9 劣 1-4
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The End